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Prelims Facts

PRELIMS DATA & FACTS Prelims Facts

Prelims fact is an exclusive column to assist the students, in preparation for subject wise prelims facts and data this section not only helps in UPSC prelims in interview but also helps in various public service commission examination like OAS UPPCS UKPCS Rajasthan PCS Haryana PCS

UDGAM Portal

 The UDGAM (Unclaimed Deposits-Gateway to Access inforMation) Portal has been developed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to help depositors locate their unclaimed deposits lying in different banks through a single centralized platform. The portal was developed in collaboration with Reserve Bank Information Technology Pvt Ltd (ReBIT), Indian Financial Technology and Allied Services, and partici
Prelims Facts 08 Jun, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Swasth Bharat Portal

 Recently, the Government of India launched the Swasth Bharat Portal, a unified digital platform aimed at integrating various health programme systems operating across the country. What is the Swasth Bharat Portal? The Swasth Bharat Portal is a one-stop digital aggregator platform designed to integrate multiple health programme systems through Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). I
Prelims Facts 08 Jun, 2026 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)

 Recently, the Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change launched the website and logo for the 1st International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) Summit 2026, which will be hosted by India in New Delhi. What is the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)? The International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) is an inter-governmental international organization launched by India in April 2023 during t
Prelims Facts 08 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

RIVER
Prelims Facts 08 Jun, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

METHANE

Prelims Facts 08 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

GULF OF ADEN

Prelims Facts 08 Jun, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Galápagos Archipelago

 A newly installed Smart Island Monitoring Model is expected to strengthen and scale up ecosystem conservation efforts across Ecuador’s Galápagos Archipelago. Location and Geography The Galápagos Archipelago is an island group located in the Pacific Ocean, about 600 miles (965 km) west of Ecuador. It is uniquely positioned on both sides of the Equator, making it one of
Prelims Facts 08 Jun, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Sambhar Lake

 Environmentalists have raised concerns over a proposed 100 MW solar power project near Sambhar Lake, warning that even a relatively small installation could adversely affect the lake's fragile wetland ecosystem and disturb its rich birdlife. Location and Physical Features Sambhar Lake is situated in the districts of Jaipur and Nagaur in Rajasthan. It is the largest inland saltwater l
Prelims Facts 07 Jun, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Suru River

 Recently, the mortal remains of a six-year-old boy from Ladakh, who had drowned in the Suru River near Hunderman, were recovered from Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir (PoK) and returned to his family. The incident highlights the transboundary nature of the river, which flows from India into PoK before joining the Indus system. Introduction The Suru River is one of the most important rivers of t
Prelims Facts 07 Jun, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Samarth Panchayat Portal

 The Central Government has decided to expand the implementation of the Samarth Panchayat Portal to several states, including Assam, Uttar Pradesh, and Maharashtra. About Samarth Panchayat Portal The Samarth Panchayat Portal is a unified digital platform developed to empower Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) through modern governance tools and digital services. The portal has been design
Prelims Facts 06 Jun, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary

 Recently, a leopard was found dead in Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary, prompting forest officials to conduct a post-mortem examination to determine the exact cause of death. The incident has once again drawn attention to this important protected area of the Terai region in northern India. Location and Geographical Importance Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the Maharajganj
Prelims Facts 06 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary

 Recently, a leopard was found dead in Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary, prompting forest officials to conduct a post-mortem examination to determine the exact cause of death. The incident has once again drawn attention to this important protected area of the Terai region in northern India. Location and Geographical Importance Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the Maharajganj
Prelims Facts 06 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Project Deepak

 Recently, Project Deepak of the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) celebrated its 66th Raising Day at Shimla. The occasion highlighted the project's long-standing contribution to infrastructure development in strategically important and geographically challenging regions of the Himalayas. About Project Deepak Project Deepak is one of the oldest and most prestigious projects of the Borde
Prelims Facts 06 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Security Challenges & their Management in Border Areas

INS Sindhukesari

 Recently, INS Sindhukesari, a Kilo-class diesel-electric submarine of the Indian Navy, arrived at Colombo, Sri Lanka, for an Operational Turnaround (OTR). Such visits enhance operational readiness, logistics support, and maritime cooperation between friendly navies in the Indian Ocean Region. About INS Sindhukesari INS Sindhukesari is a 3,000-tonne conventional diesel-electric submarine
Prelims Facts 06 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

VITAMIN
Prelims Facts 06 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

RIVER
Prelims Facts 06 Jun, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Species
Prelims Facts 06 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Mayon Volcano

 Recently, Mayon Volcano erupted, leading to the evacuation of thousands of people from areas south of Manila. The eruption raised concerns about volcanic hazards such as lava flows, ash emissions, and pyroclastic activity, prompting authorities to implement emergency measures to protect nearby communities. Location and Geological Setting Mayon Volcano is an active stratovolcano situated
Prelims Facts 05 Jun, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Electronic Gold Receipts (EGRs)

 Recently, the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) launched Electronic Gold Receipts (EGRs) as a new trading segment, providing investors with a transparent and regulated platform for trading gold in electronic form. What are Electronic Gold Receipts (EGRs)? Electronic Gold Receipts (EGRs) are dematerialised securities that represent ownership of physical gold. They allow investors to
Prelims Facts 05 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

 Recently, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) announced a US$70 billion programme to expand energy and digital infrastructure across the Asia-Pacific region by 2035. The initiative aims to strengthen connectivity, improve energy access, accelerate digital transformation, and promote sustainable economic growth throughout the region. About the Asian Development Bank The Asian Development Ban
Prelims Facts 05 Jun, 2026 GS-2 International Organization

TIGER RESERVE

Prelims Facts 05 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Philippines
Prelims Facts 05 Jun, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

CARICOM
Prelims Facts 05 Jun, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Notice to Airmen (NOTAM)

 Recently, India issued a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) declaring a large area of the Bay of Bengal as a danger zone in connection with a long-range missile test. What is a NOTAM? A Notice to Airmen (NOTAM), now officially referred to as a Notice to Air Mission, is an aviation notice containing information about the establishment, condition, or change in any aeronautical facility, service, pr
Prelims Facts 05 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Internal Security

Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs)

 Recently, the Department of Financial Services (DFS) organized a colloquium in New Delhi involving the Chairpersons of Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunals (DRATs) and Presiding Officers of Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs). The meeting focused on enhancing the efficiency of debt recovery mechanisms and strengthening the financial dispute resolution framework in India. About Debt Recovery Tribuna
Prelims Facts 04 Jun, 2026 GS-2 Dispute Redressal Mechanisms and Institutions

Dimethyl Ether (DME)

 Recently, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), in collaboration with CSIR–National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), announced the launch of an industrial pilot project in Pune for the production of Dimethyl Ether (DME). The project is expected to promote indigenous development of clean alternative fuels and contribute to India's energy transition efforts. What is Dimethyl Ether
Prelims Facts 04 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)

 Recently, the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) published several standards for medical assistive technologies under the National List of Essential Assistive Products (NLEAP) initiative. These standards aim to improve the quality, safety, accessibility, and reliability of assistive devices used by persons with disabilities, the elderly, and individuals requiring rehabilitation support. About
Prelims Facts 04 Jun, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Mission Drishti

 Recently, Bengaluru-based space start-up GalaxEye successfully launched its Mission Drishti satellite aboard the Falcon 9 launch vehicle from California, USA. The mission marks a major milestone for India's private space sector and demonstrates the growing capabilities of indigenous space technology startups. About Mission Drishti Mission Drishti is a pioneering Earth Observation (EO
Prelims Facts 04 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK)

 Recently, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare released the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) 2.0 Guidelines, marking a significant expansion of India's child health screening programme. The revised guidelines broaden the scope of screening to include developmental, mental, behavioural, and lifestyle-related health conditions, while also introducing digital tools for better moni
Prelims Facts 04 Jun, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

HANTAVIRUS
Prelims Facts 04 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

NATIONAL PARK
Prelims Facts 04 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Ichak

Ichak, located in the Hazaribag district of Jharkhand, has recently drawn attention for its rich yet neglected cultural heritage. Once a flourishing capital of the Singh dynasty of Ramgarh Raj, Ichak is today remembered as the “Temple Town” of Hazaribag, known for its numerous ancient temples, ponds, gardens, and historical structures that reflect the region’s glorious past.
Prelims Facts 03 Jun, 2026 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Ichak

Ichak, located in the Hazaribag district of Jharkhand, has recently drawn attention for its rich yet neglected cultural heritage. Once a flourishing capital of the Singh dynasty of Ramgarh Raj, Ichak is today remembered as the “Temple Town” of Hazaribag, known for its numerous ancient temples, ponds, gardens, and historical structures that reflect the region’s glorious past.
Prelims Facts 03 Jun, 2026 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Allele

A recent study conducted in South Africa has found that certain protective HLA-B alleles, which previously helped individuals survive HIV/AIDS and reduced the transmission of the virus before the widespread availability of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), are no longer undergoing the same degree of natural selection. The study suggests that the extensive use of ART has significantly slowed this g
Prelims Facts 03 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

SVAMITVA Scheme

According to a recent survey conducted by Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIM Ahmedabad), the SVAMITVA Scheme is emerging as a powerful instrument for the formalisation of rural residential property ownership. The study highlights that the scheme is improving the financial position of Gram Panchayats, reducing property-related disputes, and contributing positively to the rural econom
Prelims Facts 03 Jun, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)

 Recently, individuals living with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and their families have appealed to the Prime Minister of India for urgent intervention to ensure nationwide access to Risdiplam, a key drug used in the management of the disease. They have sought its inclusion and wider availability under the National Policy for Rare Diseases (NPRD) to make treatment more affordable and accessibl
Prelims Facts 03 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Exercise CINBAX-II

 An Indian Army contingent has recently departed for Cambodia to participate in the second edition of Exercise CINBAX-II, a bilateral military exercise between India and Cambodia. The exercise reflects the growing defence cooperation between the two countries and aims to enhance operational coordination between their armed forces. About Exercise CINBAX-II Exercise CINBAX-II is a bilateral
Prelims Facts 03 Jun, 2026 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

ATOMIC ENERGY

Prelims Facts 03 Jun, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

NATIONAL PARK

Prelims Facts 03 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Incentive Scheme for Promotion of Critical Mineral Recycling

The Ministry of Mines has recently approved 58 companies under the Incentive Scheme for Promotion of Critical Mineral Recycling, marking an important step towards strengthening India’s domestic critical mineral supply chain. The scheme is designed to reduce import dependence by promoting recycling-based recovery of critical minerals from secondary sources such as e-waste and battery scra
Prelims Facts 02 Jun, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

DAMPE Satellite

China’s space telescope DAMPE (Dark Matter Particle Explorer), also known as “Wukong”, has recently made significant observations related to the acceleration and energy behaviour of cosmic rays. The satellite has detected that the intensity of high-energy cosmic radiation decreases sharply beyond a specific energy threshold, offering new insights into the behaviour of cosmic-
Prelims Facts 02 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Hepatitis

According to the WHO Global Hepatitis Report 2026, India continues to remain among the countries with the highest burden of hepatitis-related deaths, highlighting a persistent public health challenge. The report underlines that despite progress in vaccination and treatment, viral hepatitis remains a major global health threat, especially in low and middle-income countries. What is Hepatitis
Prelims Facts 02 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary

The Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary in Gujarat has recently been in the news after a committee of monks demanded the scrapping of its Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ) status, arguing that it restricts religious activities. The sanctuary is ecologically significant as it is home to Asiatic lions and forms an important extension of the Gir forest ecosystem. About Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary The Girnar Wil
Prelims Facts 02 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Fiber Optic Drones

The use of fiber optic drones has recently gained attention after reports that Hezbollah has deployed them in operations against Israel, highlighting a new shift in modern electronic and unmanned warfare. These systems represent an advanced category of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) designed to overcome limitations of conventional drone communication. What are Fiber Optic Drones? Fiber
Prelims Facts 02 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

LEPROSY
Prelims Facts 02 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

ECUADOR
Prelims Facts 02 Jun, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Mount Dukono Eruption

 Mount Dukono in eastern Indonesia has recently erupted, releasing an ash column that rose up to 1,400 meters above its summit. About Mount Dukono Mount Dukono is an active volcano located on Halmahera Island, in North Maluku, Indonesia. It is a complex volcano characterized by a broad, low profile, multiple summit peaks, and overlapping craters, which indicate repeated eruptive activ
Prelims Facts 01 Jun, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

INS Mahendragiri

 INS Mahendragiri was recently delivered to the Indian Navy at Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDSL), Mumbai, marking an important step in strengthening India’s indigenous naval capabilities. The induction of this warship reflects the country’s focus on enhancing its modern maritime defence fleet under domestic shipbuilding programmes. About INS Mahendragiri INS Mahendragir
Prelims Facts 01 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Whitley Awards 2026

 Indian conservationists Barkha Subba and Parveen Shaikh have recently been awarded the prestigious Whitley Awards, recognising their outstanding work in conserving the Himalayan salamander and the endangered Indian skimmer. The award highlights impactful grassroots conservation efforts from the Global South. About Whitley Awards The Whitley Awards, often called the “Green Oscars&rd
Prelims Facts 01 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Korowai tribes

Prelims Facts 01 Jun, 2026 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

JAMAICA
Prelims Facts 01 Jun, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Apis mellifera (Western Honey Bee)

 Recently, scientists at the CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Pulwama, successfully demonstrated that Apis mellifera can survive sub-zero temperatures. About Apis mellifera Apis mellifera, commonly known as the Western Honey Bee or European Honey Bee, is the most widely distributed and commercially important species of honey bee in the world. It is regarded as the
Prelims Facts 26 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Yangtze River

 Recently, China completed an 11.18-kilometre-long high-speed underwater tunnel beneath the Yangtze River. The tunnel is designed to facilitate the movement of bullet trains at speeds of up to 350 km/h. About the Yangtze River The Yangtze River, known in China as Chang Jiang or Yangzi, is the longest river in China and Asia and the third-longest river in the world, after the Nile River and th
Prelims Facts 26 May, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Muthuvan Tribe

 A recent report of the Kerala State Food Commission highlighted significant irregularities in the distribution of ration supplies in Edamalakkudy, which is Kerala's only tribal panchayat and is predominantly inhabited by the Muthuvan tribe. About the Muthuvan Tribe The Muthuvan Tribe, also known as Mudugars, is an indigenous tribal community inhabiting the Western Ghats of Kerala an
Prelims Facts 26 May, 2026 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

National Mineral Exploration and Development Trust

Recently, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Coal, Mines and Steel, in its 23rd report on the National Mineral Exploration and Development Trust (NMEDT), stated that offshore mineral exploration offers a major opportunity for India to utilise its largely untapped seabed mineral resources. About the National Mineral Exploration and Development Trust The National Mineral Exploration Trus
Prelims Facts 25 May, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary

 The Gauhati High Court recently directed the Assam Government to respond to a petition alleging that the Forest Department had issued an e-tender for the felling of trees within the Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary without obtaining the mandatory forest clearance from the Central Government. About Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary The Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary is located on the eastern fringe of Gu
Prelims Facts 25 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Fructose

 A recent scientific study has identified fructose as an important biological factor contributing to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and several chronic diseases. About Fructose Fructose is a type of simple sugar (monosaccharide) belonging to the carbohydrate group. It is one of the three most common naturally occurring monosaccharides, the other two being glucose and galactose. Its chem
Prelims Facts 25 May, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Astra Mk2 Missile

Recently, India announced its plan to integrate the advanced Astra Mk2 missile with the Mirage 2000 fighter aircraft of the Indian Air Force. The missile is capable of intercepting enemy aircraft at a distance of up to 240 kilometres, allowing Indian fighter jets to engage hostile targets far beyond visual range. About Astra Mk2 Missile The Astra Mk2 is an advanced Beyond Visual Range (B
Prelims Facts 22 May, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Chenchu Tribe

 Recently, the Chenchu Tribe living in the Amrabad Tiger Reserve opposed relocation from forest areas because of concerns related to their traditional livelihood, dependence on forests, and cultural identity. About the Chenchu Tribe The Chenchu tribe is an indigenous tribal community that mainly inhabits the Nallamalai forests of Andhra Pradesh. They are recognized as one of the Particul
Prelims Facts 22 May, 2026 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB)

 The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) recently started the bidding process for the development of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) pipeline infrastructure in the country. The initiative aims to reduce the large-scale transportation of LPG through roads and encourage a safer, more efficient, and cost-effective pipeline network for the distribution of petroleum products. About P
Prelims Facts 22 May, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Austria

 India and Austria recently signed several agreements and announcements to strengthen bilateral cooperation in the areas of defence, trade, technology, education, and culture. About Austria Austria is a landlocked and mountainous country located in south-central Europe. The capital city of Austria is Vienna. Austria shares borders with eight countries: Czech Republic in the n
Prelims Facts 21 May, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Tharu Tribe

 The Lucknow bench of the Allahabad High Court recently set aside the decision of a district-level committee that had rejected the community forest rights claims of the Tharu Tribe in Lakhimpur Kheri. The judgment is important because it supports the protection of tribal rights over forests and traditional resources. About the Tharu Tribe The Tharu tribe is one of the indigenous tribal commun
Prelims Facts 21 May, 2026 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

River Basin Management Scheme

 The River Basin Management (RBM) Scheme has recently contributed to noticeable improvements in water resource planning, infrastructure development, and the sustainable management of major river basins in India. About the River Basin Management Scheme The River Basin Management Scheme is a Central Sector Scheme implemented by the Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga
Prelims Facts 21 May, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

RED SEA

Prelims Facts 21 May, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Scarborough Shoal

Recently, China deployed ships and barriers near the entrance of the Scarborough Shoal in the South China Sea to tighten its control over the disputed region. This move has further increased tensions between China and the Philippines over ownership and access to the strategically important maritime feature. About Scarborough Shoal The Scarborough Shoal is a disputed atoll located in the
Prelims Facts 20 May, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine

 Recently, India announced the supply of 13 tonnes of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines to Afghanistan. The move reflects India’s continued support in strengthening public health systems and combating infectious diseases such as tuberculosis in neighboring countries. About Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a
Prelims Facts 20 May, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

CAR-T Cell Therapy

Recently, scientists successfully used CAR-T Cell Therapy for the first time to treat a patient suffering from three different life-threatening autoimmune diseases that had remained resistant to treatment for several years. About CAR-T Cell Therapy CAR-T Cell Therapy, or Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy, is an advanced form of immunotherapy used mainly for treating certain types
Prelims Facts 20 May, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Water Hyacinth

Recently, the rapid reappearance of water hyacinth in the Mula-Mutha River, only weeks after large-scale clean-up operations, has renewed concerns regarding the absence of a long-term and sustainable solution to control the invasive aquatic weed. About Water Hyacinth Water hyacinth is a free-floating aquatic plant belonging to the pickerelweed family. Its scientific name is Eichhornia crass
Prelims Facts 20 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

ANTELOPE
Prelims Facts 20 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

OPEC+

Recently, OPEC+ agreed in principle to maintain steady crude oil production despite rising political tensions among some member countries and growing geopolitical uncertainty across the world. The decision reflects the group’s effort to ensure stability in global oil markets and prevent sudden fluctuations in international crude oil prices. About OPEC+ OPEC+ is an alliance of major
Prelims Facts 19 May, 2026 GS-2 International Organization

Potomac River

Recently, American Rivers, a conservation organization working for the protection of rivers and wildlife in the United States, declared the Potomac River as America’s most endangered river for 2026. About Potomac River The Potomac River is an important river located in the eastern-central part of the United States. It is one of the most historically and geographically significant
Prelims Facts 19 May, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation (NBCFDC)

The National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation recently achieved a record disbursement of ₹613.75 crore during FY 2025–26, benefiting more than 61,000 people across the country. About NBCFDC The National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation (NBCFDC) is a Government of India undertaking functioning under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowe
Prelims Facts 19 May, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Sakurajima Volcano

Recently, the Sakurajima Volcano in Japan erupted, sending massive plumes of volcanic ash several kilometres into the sky. About Sakurajima Volcano The Sakurajima Volcano is located on the southern tip of Kyushu island near the city of Kagoshima in Japan. It is regarded as one of Japan’s most active volcanoes, with eruptions of varying intensity occurring regularly. Due to its
Prelims Facts 19 May, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Chagas Disease

World Chagas Disease Day is observed every year on 14 April to create awareness about Chagas disease, its serious impact on human health, and the importance of prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment. The day also highlights the challenges faced by millions of people affected by this neglected tropical disease, especially in economically weaker regions. About Chagas Disease Chagas dis
Prelims Facts 19 May, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

SUDAN
Prelims Facts 19 May, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Rajya sabha
Prelims Facts 19 May, 2026 GS-2 Comparison of the Indian Constitutional Scheme With That of Other Countries Parliament & State Legislatures

e-SafeHER Initiative

 Recently, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Hyderabad, a scientific society functioning under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), along with Reliance Foundation, launched the e-SafeHER Initiative. The initiative has been introduced to strengthen cybersecurity awareness among women in rural India, especially at a time when digital platforms are
Prelims Facts 18 May, 2026 GS-3 Basics of Cyber Security

Bankey Bihari Temple

 The Supreme Court of India recently clarified that it would not make “any structural changes” to the existing arrangement related to religious practices at the famous Bankey Bihari Temple in Vrindavan. The observation came during proceedings concerning the management and functioning of the temple, which witnesses a very large number of devotees throughout the year. About Bankey
Prelims Facts 18 May, 2026 GS-1 Indian Heritage & Culture

Keytruda

Recent investigations have revealed a worrying rise in the counterfeit market for Keytruda, a widely used cancer immunotherapy drug. The spread of fake versions of the medicine has been linked to the high cost of treatment, limited patient access, and the use of standardized high-dose regimens that significantly increase expenses for patients. About Keytruda Keytruda is the brand name of
Prelims Facts 18 May, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Wildlife sanctuary

Prelims Facts 18 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Tribes
Prelims Facts 18 May, 2026 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

INS Dhruv
Prelims Facts 18 May, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Wular Lake

 Recent conservation initiatives at Wular Lake in Kashmir have led to the reclamation of nearly 5 sq. km. of silted land. Authorities have also removed large-scale willow plantations and strengthened embankments around the lake to improve its ecological integrity, water-holding capacity, and flood resistance. About Wular Lake Largest Freshwater Lake in India Wular Lake is the largest f
Prelims Facts 17 May, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Vitamin D

 A recent study has revealed that the level of Vitamin D during a person’s 30s and 40s may play an important role in determining brain health and brain ageing in later life. According to the study, individuals with adequate vitamin D levels in middle age are more likely to maintain better cognitive function during their 60s and 70s. The findings highlight the growing importance of vitamin
Prelims Facts 17 May, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Transport

Prelims Facts 17 May, 2026 GS-1 Economic Geography

SAA
Prelims Facts 17 May, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Khanij Bidesh India Limited (KABIL)

 State-owned Khanij Bidesh India Limited recently received environmental clearance from the government of Argentina for deep exploration activities in five brine lithium blocks located in the South American country. This development is important for India’s efforts to secure long-term access to critical minerals such as lithium, which is essential for the production of electric vehicle ba
Prelims Facts 17 May, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Export Inspection Council

 Recently, India clarified that the requirement of obtaining a certificate of inspection from the Export Inspection Council (EIC) for rice exports is applicable only for exports to the European Union (EU), United Kingdom, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland. About Export Inspection Council (EIC) The Export Inspection Council (EIC) was established by the Government of India un
Prelims Facts 16 May, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Methanol

 Recently, the Deendayal Port Authority (Kandla Port) enhanced its methanol bunkering capabilities, marking an important step in India’s transition towards cleaner energy and the development of global green shipping corridors. About Methanol Methanol, also known as wood alcohol, is the simplest form of alcohol with the chemical formula CH₃OH. It is a light, colorless liquid widel
Prelims Facts 16 May, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Hwasong-11Ga

 Recently, North Korea conducted a series of weapons tests, including the launch of the Hwasong-11Ga missile fitted with a cluster munition warhead. The test has drawn international attention because of the missile’s advanced strike capability and the controversial nature of cluster munitions. About Hwasong-11Ga The Hwasong-11Ga, also known in Western countries as the KN-23, is a sh
Prelims Facts 16 May, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Shree Chamundeshwari Temple

 Recently, the Karnataka High Court strongly objected to the Karnataka government allegedly violating judicial orders that prohibited construction activities near the Shree Chamundeshwari Temple in Mysuru. About Shree Chamundeshwari Temple The Shree Chamundeshwari Temple is a famous Hindu temple situated atop the Chamundi Hills, around 13 kilometres from the city of Mysuru in Karnataka.
Prelims Facts 16 May, 2026 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

WINDFALL TAX
Prelims Facts 16 May, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

CANARY ISLAND
Prelims Facts 16 May, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Species
Prelims Facts 16 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

ALH Mk-III Helicopter

 Recently, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) handed over four Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) Mk-III Maritime Role (MR) helicopters to the Indian Coast Guard. The induction of these helicopters is expected to significantly strengthen India’s maritime surveillance, coastal security, and search-and-rescue capabilities. About ALH Mk-III Helicopter The ALH Mk-III Helicopter is the ma
Prelims Facts 15 May, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Aluminium

 Recently, new scientific research revealed that aluminium can be made to behave similarly to transition metals such as palladium, rhodium, and platinum. This discovery is considered important because transition metals are widely used as catalysts in industrial and chemical reactions due to their unique electronic properties. About Aluminium Aluminium is a chemical element with the symbol
Prelims Facts 15 May, 2026 GS-1 Economic Geography

Mount Semeru

 Recently, Mount Semeru in Indonesia erupted multiple times, sending thick columns of volcanic ash nearly 1,100 metres above its summit. The eruption once again highlighted the intense volcanic activity in Indonesia, which is one of the most volcanically active regions in the world. About Mount Semeru Mount Semeru is located in East Java in Indonesia and is regarded as one of the most active
Prelims Facts 15 May, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

MAKHANA
Prelims Facts 15 May, 2026 GS-3 Major Crops Cropping Patterns in Various Parts of the Country

LEAD
Prelims Facts 15 May, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

TIGER RESERVE

Prelims Facts 15 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

SPECIES
Prelims Facts 15 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

WILDLIFE
Prelims Facts 14 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

OAK TREE
Prelims Facts 14 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

SCHEME
Prelims Facts 14 May, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)

 The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India is the statutory authority responsible for regulating the telecommunications sector in India. Recently, TRAI released the Draft Telecom Consumer Protection (Thirteenth Amendment) Regulation, 2026, which aims to strengthen consumer rights and improve transparency and accountability in telecom services. Establishment of TRAI The Telecom Regulatory
Prelims Facts 14 May, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

INS Sunayna

 Recently, the INS Sunayna reached Malé as part of its deployment under the Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) SAGAR initiative. This deployment highlights India’s growing maritime engagement and its commitment to strengthening regional security and cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region. The SAGAR initiative, which stands for Security and Growth for All in the Region, reflects India’s v
Prelims Facts 14 May, 2026 GS-3 Security Challenges & their Management in Border Areas

Guru Tegh Bahadur

 Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute to Guru Tegh Bahadur on the sacred occasion of his Parkash Purab. The Prime Minister remembered Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji as a great spiritual leader who devoted his life to the protection of religious freedom, human dignity, and justice. About Guru Tegh Bahadur Guru Tegh Bahadur was the ninth Guru of Sikhism and one of the most respected sp
Prelims Facts 13 May, 2026 GS-1 Religion & Philosophy

Marine Nematode Species

 Recently, researchers from the Zoological Survey of India discovered two new species of free-living marine nematodes off the coast of Tamil Nadu. The newly identified species have been named Corononema dhriti and Epacanthion indica. About Corononema dhriti Discovery and Naming Corononema dhriti is a species of free-living marine nematode discovered in the coastal waters of Tamil Nadu.
Prelims Facts 13 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

GeM
Prelims Facts 13 May, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Species
Prelims Facts 13 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

ASISSE
Prelims Facts 13 May, 2026 GS-3 Economic Index

Production Linked Incentive Scheme

Recently, the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the Food Processing Industry (PLISFPI) achieved encouraging progress. The scheme recorded a cumulative investment of more than ₹9,000 crore against the committed investment target of around ₹7,000 crore. About the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the Food Processing Industry The Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the Foo
Prelims Facts 13 May, 2026 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Shellear Fish

 Recently, scientists discovered that the Shellear fish can climb a vertical waterfall nearly 15 metres (50 feet) high in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. About Shellear Fish The Shellear fish is scientifically known as Parakneria thysi. It is a rare freshwater fish species found in the upper Congo Basin, especially around the Luvilombo Falls on the Luvilombo River. The fish belo
Prelims Facts 13 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Food Price Index

 Recently, the FAO Food Price Index witnessed a rise in March 2026. The increase was mainly attributed to rising energy costs caused by the escalating conflict in the Middle East. Higher energy prices generally increase transportation, production, and supply chain costs, which ultimately affect global food prices. The Food Price Index is an important global indicator used to track changes in
Prelims Facts 12 May, 2026 GS-3 Economic Index

Bengal Florican

 The Bengal Florican is one of the rarest and most threatened grassland birds in the world. Recently, concerns have grown significantly because fewer than 1,000 Bengal Floricans are believed to survive globally. The remaining population is now restricted to small and fragmented patches of natural grasslands, making the species highly vulnerable to extinction. The bird is considered an import
Prelims Facts 12 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

ECINet Platform

 Recently, the Election Commission of India encouraged voters to make informed electoral choices by using the “Know Your Candidates” (KYC) module available on the ECINet Platform. This initiative reflects the Election Commission’s effort to improve electoral transparency, strengthen voter awareness, and make election-related services more accessible through digital technology.
Prelims Facts 12 May, 2026 GS-2 Indian Constitution

Measles

 Recently, Bangladesh launched an emergency vaccination campaign targeting more than one million children after a rapidly spreading measles outbreak affected different parts of the country. Measles is considered one of the most contagious infectious diseases in the world and remains a major cause of illness and death among children in many developing countries. About Measles Measles i
Prelims Facts 12 May, 2026 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Mango
Prelims Facts 12 May, 2026 GS-3 Major Crops Cropping Patterns in Various Parts of the Country

Turtle

Prelims Facts 12 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

National park
Prelims Facts 12 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

United Nations Development Partnership Fund

 The United Nations Development Partnership Fund is an important global development initiative established in 2017 by the Government of India in partnership with the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation. India launched this Fund with an initial contribution of USD 150 million to support sustainable development projects in developing countries. The initiative reflects India’s
Prelims Facts 11 May, 2026 GS-2 Important International Institutions

Sādhana Saptah Initiative

 The Sādhana Saptah Initiative is an important capacity-building programme launched under Mission Karmayogi, which is officially known as the National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building. The initiative represents a major step toward creating a future-ready, citizen-centric, and technology-driven civil services system in India. The term SĀDHANA stands for Strengthening Adaptive
Prelims Facts 11 May, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Drone Didi
Prelims Facts 11 May, 2026 GS-2 Development Processes & the Development Industry

JUnga tribe
Prelims Facts 11 May, 2026 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

YOUTH
Prelims Facts 11 May, 2026 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Project Chetak

 Project Chetak Recently, the 47th Raising Day of Project Chetak was celebrated in Bikaner by the Border Roads Organisation. The occasion highlighted the project’s significant contribution toward strengthening border infrastructure, improving connectivity, and enhancing national security in India’s western border regions. About Project Chetak Project Chetak was established in 1
Prelims Facts 11 May, 2026 GS-3 Various Security Forces & Agencies & Their Mandate

Raja Ravi Varma

 Recently, the painting Yashoda and Krishna by Raja Ravi Varma was sold for an extraordinary ₹167.2 crore at Saffronart. Early Life and Background Raja Ravi Varma was born on 29 April 1848 in the village of Kilimanoor in present-day Kerala. He belonged to an aristocratic family of chieftains known as the Koil Thampurans. From a young age, he displayed exceptional artistic talent and receive
Prelims Facts 10 May, 2026 GS-1 Modern India

Kar Saathi

 Recently, the Income Tax Department launched Kar Saathi, an AI-powered chatbot designed to function as a virtual tax assistant on the official income tax website. The initiative aims to simplify tax compliance and provide easier access to tax-related services for citizens. About Kar Saathi Kar Saathi is an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based digital assistant integrated into the new incom
Prelims Facts 10 May, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Azerbaijan

 Recently, India and Azerbaijan reviewed the current status of their bilateral relations during discussions held in Baku. The meeting focused on strengthening cooperation in areas of mutual interest and enhancing diplomatic engagement between the two countries. Location and Boundaries Azerbaijan is located at the junction of Eastern Europe and Western Asia along the southern slopes of the Cau
Prelims Facts 10 May, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM)

 Recently, the 128th meeting of the Enforcement Task Force (ETF) of the Commission for Air Quality Management was held to review measures related to air pollution control in the National Capital Region (NCR) and adjoining areas. The Commission plays an important role in addressing the growing problem of air pollution in and around Delhi-NCR. About the Commission for Air Quality Management
Prelims Facts 10 May, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Non-Deliverable Derivative (NDD)

 A Non-Deliverable Derivative (NDD) is a type of financial derivative contract in which two parties agree on a future exchange rate of the Indian rupee, but instead of exchanging the actual currency at maturity, the contract is settled in cash (usually in US dollars) based on the difference between the agreed rate and the prevailing market rate. In simple terms, NDDs allow investors to specu
Prelims Facts 09 May, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

General Anti-Avoidance Rules (GAAR)

 The General Anti-Avoidance Rules (GAAR) is a key anti-tax avoidance framework under the Income Tax Act, 1961, introduced to curb aggressive tax planning and prevent loss of revenue to the government. It became operational from 1st April 2017 based on the recommendations of the Parthasarathi Shome Committee. GAAR is designed to target arrangements that are legally valid in form but abusive i
Prelims Facts 09 May, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Burkina Faso

 Recently, India has sent a consignment of 1,000 metric tonnes of rice to Burkina Faso as part of its humanitarian assistance, highlighting India’s engagement with food security support in West Africa. Location and Geography Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa, meaning it has no direct access to the sea. It is strategically situated in a region that connects several
Prelims Facts 09 May, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Trade Enablement and Marketing Initiative

 Recently, the Minister of State for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) informed the Lok Sabha about the Trade Enablement and Marketing (TEAM) Initiative, a Central Sector Scheme designed to strengthen the digital and market access ecosystem for MSMEs in India. The initiative is implemented under the broader Raising and Accelerating MSME Performance (RAMP) Programme, which aims to im
Prelims Facts 09 May, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Public Interest Litigation

The increasing scrutiny of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India highlights a growing tension between its role as a tool for constitutional justice and its emerging misuse for non-public or extraneous purposes. While PIL has significantly expanded access to justice under Article 21, concerns have emerged regarding its distortion, judicial overreach, and procedural weaknesses. Dilution o
Prelims Facts 09 May, 2026 GS-2 Structure, Organization & Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary

SAMPANN Platform

 The SAMPANN (System for Accounting and Management of Pension) platform is the flagship digital pension and financial management system developed by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT). It is managed by the Office of the Controller General of Communication Accounts (CGCA) and was officially launched on 29th December 2018. The platform was introduced to modernize and simplify the pensi
Prelims Facts 08 May, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)

 Recently, India condemned the killing of three Indonesian peacekeepers who were deployed in southern Lebanon as part of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL). The incident highlights the continuing security challenges in the region and the important role played by United Nations peacekeeping missions in maintaining stability and protecting civilians in conflict zones. About U
Prelims Facts 08 May, 2026 GS-2 Important International Institutions

Multi-Hazard Early Warning Decision Support System

The Multi-Hazard Early Warning Decision Support System (MH-EWDSS) marks a significant advancement in India’s weather forecasting and disaster management framework. It reflects the country’s shift toward a more technology-driven and proactive approach for dealing with natural disasters and extreme weather events. The system strengthens India’s capability to provide faster, mor
Prelims Facts 08 May, 2026 GS-3 Disaster Management

Ammonium Nitrate

 Recently, a leasing agreement was signed between Bharat Coal Gasification and Chemicals Limited (BCGCL) and Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL) for the upcoming Coal to Ammonium Nitrate Project at Lakhanpur in Odisha. The project highlights the growing industrial importance of ammonium nitrate in sectors such as mining, fertilizers, and explosives. About Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium nitrate i
Prelims Facts 08 May, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

E20 Fuel

 The Central Government has implemented a new fuel mandate requiring petrol pumps to supply E20 fuel with a minimum octane rating of 95 RON (Research Octane Number). This step is part of India’s broader strategy to promote cleaner fuels, reduce dependence on crude oil imports, and encourage the use of biofuels. About E20 Fuel E20 fuel is a blend consisting of 20% ethanol and 80% pet
Prelims Facts 08 May, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Sloth Bear

 Recently, officials of the Karnataka Forest Department captured a sloth bear that had been roaming in villages around Shivamogga Airport. About Sloth Bear The Sloth Bear is one of the eight species of bears found in the world. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and is mainly found in forested regions of South Asia. The species is scientifically adapted for feeding on insects and
Prelims Facts 07 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Antariksh Venture Capital Fund

 Recently, the Union Minister announced that India’s dedicated Antariksh Venture Capital Fund for the space sector has been progressing steadily. Investments in selected space startups are expected to begin from the first quarter of FY2027. About Antariksh Venture Capital Fund The Antariksh Venture Capital Fund is a dedicated financial initiative created to strengthen India’s
Prelims Facts 07 May, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

RoSCTL Scheme

 Recently, the Ministry of Textiles extended the Rebate of State and Central Taxes and Levies (RoSCTL) Scheme for exports of apparel, garments, and made-ups up to 30th September 2026. The extension has been announced to continue supporting India’s textile export sector and improve the global competitiveness of Indian products. About the RoSCTL Scheme The Rebate of State and Central
Prelims Facts 07 May, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Samrat Samprati

 Recently, the Prime Minister of India inaugurated the Samrat Samprati Museum in Gujarat. The museum has been established to honour the legacy and contributions of Samrat Samprati, who is remembered as a great patron of Jainism and non-violence. About Samrat Samprati Samrat Samprati was a ruler of the Mauryan Dynasty who ruled approximately between 224 BC and 215 BC. He was the grandson o
Prelims Facts 07 May, 2026 GS-1 Ancient History

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)

 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL), also known as Acute Lymphocytic Leukaemia, is a type of blood cancer that affects the white blood cells and the bone marrow. Bone marrow is the soft tissue inside bones where blood cells are produced. It is a rapidly progressing cancer, meaning the abnormal cells multiply very quickly and interfere with the normal production of healthy blood cells. ALL i
Prelims Facts 07 May, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Humpback Whale

A recent incident in the Baltic Sea saw a stranded humpback whale successfully return to open waters, highlighting both the resilience of marine species and the challenges posed by changing ocean conditions. About the Humpback Whale The Humpback Whale is a species of baleen whale belonging to the rorqual family Balaenopteridae. It is one of the most well-known large whales due to its distinc
Prelims Facts 06 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Indian Accounting Standards

 Recently, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India introduced Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) for the insurance sector. This move aims to align India’s insurance accounting practices with global standards, improve transparency, and strengthen the financial reporting framework. About Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) Definition and Origin Indian Accounting
Prelims Facts 06 May, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

eGramSwaraj

 India’s Gram Panchayats are undergoing a significant transformation in governance, with over ₹3 lakh crore in cumulative payments routed digitally through the eGramSwaraj Portal. This marks a major step toward transparent, accountable, and efficient grassroots governance. About eGramSwaraj Portal Introduction and Launch The eGramSwaraj Portal was launched in 2020 by the Minist
Prelims Facts 06 May, 2026 GS-2 Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency & Accountability

Bio-Bitumen

 Recently, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) organised a technology transfer event in New Delhi to promote the large-scale adoption of Bio-Bitumen made from lignocellulosic biomass. This initiative aims to convert farm residue into a valuable resource for infrastructure development. What is Bio-Bitumen? Bio-bitumen is an eco-friendly alternative to conventional petr
Prelims Facts 06 May, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC)

 Recently, it has been reported that not a single university or college has received fresh accreditation for the current academic year from the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). About NAAC The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) was established in 1994 as an autonomous body under the University Grants Commission (UGC). Its primary objective is to asse
Prelims Facts 06 May, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Earth Hour

 Recently, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) India, in collaboration with the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, organised awareness and outreach activities in Gwalior to mark 20 years of Earth Hour. This milestone highlights the campaign’s evolution into a global environmental movement promoting sustainability and climate action. About Earth Hour Earth Hour is a global grassro
Prelims Facts 05 May, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Tughlaqabad Fort

 The Delhi High Court recently criticised the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) for delays in conducting a court-ordered survey of encroachments at Tughlaqabad Fort. Location and Historical Background Tughlaqabad Fort is located in the southern part of New Delhi, strategically built along the rocky contours of the Aravalli Hills, which provided natural defense and abundant building materi
Prelims Facts 05 May, 2026 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Mount Semeru

 Mount Semeru recently came into the news after it erupted multiple times, sending ash columns up to 1,100 metres above its summit, highlighting its continued high volcanic activity. Mount Semeru is located in East Java, Indonesia, and is one of the most active volcanoes in the country. It is locally known as “Mahameru”, which means “Great Mountain”. Geographical L
Prelims Facts 05 May, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Shigellosis in Kerala

 Recently, an outbreak of shigellosis (Shigella infection) has been reported in Kerala, raising public health concerns due to its highly contagious nature and impact on vulnerable populations, especially young children. About Shigellosis Shigellosis is an infectious disease caused by Shigella bacteria, which primarily affects the intestines and leads to acute diarrhoeal illness. It is one
Prelims Facts 05 May, 2026 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Satpura Tiger Reserve

 Recently, a tiger in Satpura Tiger Reserve was allegedly poisoned to death, leading to the arrest of five individuals. This incident highlights the serious threats to wildlife conservation, including poaching and human-wildlife conflict. Location and Composition Satpura Tiger Reserve is located in the state of Madhya Pradesh, within the Satpura mountain ranges of central India. It lies s
Prelims Facts 05 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Lyme disease

The U.S. drugmaker Pfizer and France’s Valneva have reported that their experimental Lyme disease vaccine has shown more than 70% efficacy in late-stage clinical trials, marking a significant step toward prevention of the disease. About Lyme Disease Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. It can affect multiple organs,
Prelims Facts 04 May, 2026 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Red-crowned Roofed Turtle

 Recently, the Red-crowned Roofed Turtle, once considered a “jewel of the Ganga River,” is now confined to a rapidly shrinking habitat, raising serious concerns about its survival and the health of river ecosystems. About the Species The Red-crowned Roofed Turtle is a freshwater turtle species endemic to South Asia. It belongs to the genus Batagur and is one of the three large
Prelims Facts 04 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Zojila Pass

 Recently, a massive snow avalanche struck Zojila Pass, highlighting the extreme weather conditions and vulnerability of high-altitude mountain routes in the Himalayan region. About Zojila Pass Zojila Pass, often referred to as the “Mountain Pass of Blizzards,” is a high-altitude mountain pass located in the Kargil district of Ladakh. It lies on the strategically important Sri
Prelims Facts 04 May, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2026

 Recently, the central government has opened nominations for the Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar (RVP) 2026, which is regarded as a prestigious national award in the field of science, technology, and innovation. The award aims to recognize and honour individuals and teams whose contributions have significantly advanced India’s scientific landscape and supported national development. About Ra
Prelims Facts 04 May, 2026 GS-1 Indian Heritage & Culture

P-8I Poseidon

 Recently, the Ministry of Defence has signed contracts for the procurement of the Tunguska Air Defence Missile System as well as for the inspection (depot-level maintenance) of the P-8I aircraft. This development reflects India’s growing focus on strengthening both air defence systems and maritime surveillance capabilities. About the P-8I Poseidon The P-8I Poseidon is a long-range,
Prelims Facts 04 May, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Steppe Eagle

 The Steppe Eagle is a large migratory bird of prey belonging to the subfamily Aquilinae, commonly referred to as the “booted eagles.” Recently, the western part of Rajasthan has been identified as an important wintering stronghold for this species, highlighting India’s role in its survival. Appearance The Steppe Eagle is a large, bulky, and powerful-looking raptor. It i
Prelims Facts 04 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Shaurya Squadrons

 The Indian Army has recently begun fielding Shaurya Squadrons, which are specialised drone units integrated into armoured regiments to enhance battlefield capabilities. About Shaurya Squadrons Shaurya Squadrons are dedicated drone sub-units embedded within armoured regiments. Their primary role is to provide real-time surveillance and precision-strike capability directly to tank commande
Prelims Facts 03 May, 2026 GS-3 Internal Security

Reserve Bank of India

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) recently infused over ₹25,000 crore into the banking system through a 3-day Variable Rate Repo (VRR) auction. Prior to this, it had already injected around ₹3.5 lakh crore through Open Market Operations (OMO) since January 2026, indicating active liquidity management. What is Variable Rate Repo (VRR)? About The Variable Rate Repo (VRR) is a short-term l
Prelims Facts 03 May, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

SWOT Satellite

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has recently created a high-resolution map of the ocean floor using data from the SWOT satellite. This breakthrough improves understanding of ocean topography, currents, and underwater features. About SWOT Satellite The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite is a joint mission between NASA and the French space agency CNES. It
Prelims Facts 03 May, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

QS World University Rankings 2026

 The Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode (IIM-K) has achieved a major milestone by entering the Top 100 in the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2026 for the first time. This reflects the growing global recognition of Indian management education. About QS World University Rankings The QS World University Rankings are published annually by Quacquarelli Symonds, a global higher e
Prelims Facts 02 May, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Qader Cruise Missile

 Recently, Iran fired Qader cruise missiles targeting the USS Abraham Lincoln, highlighting its naval strike capabilities. About Qader Cruise Missile The Qader cruise missile is a medium-range, shore-based anti-ship cruise missile developed by Iran and deployed by its naval forces. It is primarily designed to target enemy ships and naval assets. Features of Qader Missile It is
Prelims Facts 02 May, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Recently, the OECD projected that India’s economy is expected to grow at 6.1% in 2026–27. This projection highlights India’s strong economic resilience and positions it among the fastest-growing major economies in the world. Establishment The OECD was established on December 14, 1960, by 18 European countries along with the United States and Canada. It was created to pr
Prelims Facts 02 May, 2026 GS-2 International Organization

National Housing Bank

The National Housing Bank (NHB) has recently launched the Gruha Sugam Portal to simplify access to housing loans. The initiative is specifically aimed at defence personnel, paramilitary forces, and government employees, enabling them to avail loans more efficiently. About Gruha Sugam Portal The Gruha Sugam Portal is a digital platform designed to facilitate easy access to home loans from
Prelims Facts 02 May, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Honshu

A recent earthquake of magnitude 6.2 struck off the east coast of Honshu, highlighting the region’s high seismic activity due to its tectonic setting. About Honshu Island Honshu, historically known as Akitsushima, is the largest and most important island of Japan. It lies between the Pacific Ocean (to the east) and the Sea of Japan (to the west), forming a long arc in a northeast&n
Prelims Facts 02 May, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Sperm Whale

 Researchers from the University of St Andrews have, for the first time, recorded sperm whales headbutting each other on camera. This rare observation provides new insights into their social and possibly competitive behaviour. About Sperm Whale The Sperm Whale is the largest of all toothed whales and is easily recognized by its massive square-shaped head and narrow lower jaw. It possesses th
Prelims Facts 01 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

GlobE Network

India recently hosted the 12th Steering Committee Meeting of the GlobE Network in New Delhi. This reflects India’s growing role in global anti-corruption cooperation and enforcement mechanisms. India is actively contributing to strengthening international collaboration against corruption. About GlobE Network The GlobE Network is a global platform of specialised anti-corruption law
Prelims Facts 01 May, 2026 GS-2 International Organization

Guillotine in Lok Sabha

 The Lok Sabha has approved Demands for Grants worth over ₹53 lakh crore for 2026–27 using the Guillotine procedure. This meant that a large number of ministry-wise expenditure proposals were passed without detailed parliamentary discussion due to time constraints. Meaning of Guillotine In parliamentary practice, the Guillotine refers to a procedure where all pending Demands for G
Prelims Facts 01 May, 2026 GS-2 Separation of Powers Between Various Organs

IVFRT Scheme

 The Union Cabinet has approved the continuation of the Immigration Visa Foreigners Registration and Tracking Scheme (IVFRT) for a further period of five years from 1 April 2026 to 31 March 2031. This decision aims to strengthen India’s immigration framework through advanced technology and improved service delivery. About the IVFRT Scheme The IVFRT platform is designed to integrate
Prelims Facts 01 May, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Lebanon

Recently, Israel announced that its military may take control of southern Lebanon up to the Litani River to establish a “security zone.” This development highlights ongoing geopolitical tensions in the region. southern Lebanon, especially the Litani River area, holds strategic and security significance in regional conflicts. Location and Boundaries of Lebanon Lebanon is lo
Prelims Facts 01 May, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

India’s Smartphone

 India’s emergence as a global manufacturing hub, particularly in electronics, reflects a strategic shift from IT services to manufacturing. The Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme for smartphones (2020) has played a pivotal role by boosting production, exports, and employment, while enabling integration into global value chains (GVCs). Performance Outcomes of the Smartphone PLI Th
Prelims Facts 01 May, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Aghanashini River

 The UNESCO has recently advised the Government of India that the proposed Aghanashini–Vedavathi river linking project must comply with World Heritage Conservation norms. This advisory gains importance because the river basin is located in the ecologically sensitive region of the Western Ghats, which is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Any large-scale developmental intervention
Prelims Facts 30 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Panama Canal

 The Panama Canal is currently operating at full capacity due to a surge in global shipping demand. This rise in activity is linked to ongoing geopolitical tensions, particularly the Iran war, which has led to an increase in the movement of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) vessels. As a result, the canal has become even more critical for global energy transportation. About Panama Canal The Pa
Prelims Facts 30 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Titanium

 A recent study conducted by researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur and the Physical Research Laboratory has decoded the composition of titanium-rich rocks on the Moon. This finding is significant because it enhances our understanding of the Moon’s geological history and mineral composition. About Titanium Titanium is an important metallic element that is wid
Prelims Facts 30 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Bharat Audyogik Vikas Yojna (BHAVYA)

 The Union Cabinet has approved the Bharat Audyogik Vikas Yojna (BHAVYA) with a total outlay of ₹33,660 crore to establish 100 plug-and-play industrial parks across India. This initiative aims to strengthen the country’s manufacturing ecosystem by reducing delays and improving ease of doing business. BHAVYA seeks to enable industries to move quickly from “intent to production&rdqu
Prelims Facts 30 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

National Biodiversity Authority

 The National Biodiversity Authority has recently launched a short-term internship programme for students pursuing graduation and post-graduation. This programme will be offered for a duration of up to three months and aims to provide students with practical exposure to biodiversity conservation and policy frameworks.this initiative promotes awareness and capacity building among young scholars
Prelims Facts 30 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Kolleru Lake

Recent observations by environmental activists indicate that the Kolleru Lake has experienced a significant decline in ecological health over the past 50 years. This raises serious concerns, as the lake is one of India’s most important freshwater ecosystems and supports both biodiversity and local livelihoods. The decline of Kolleru Lake reflects a broader challenge of wetland degradatio
Prelims Facts 29 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)

 A Parliamentary panel has recommended launching Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) for financially strong Regional Rural Banks (RRBs). The objective is to unlock their value, attract private investment, and improve corporate governance standards. An IPO refers to the process through which a company offers its shares to the public for the first time and becomes listed on a stock exchange.The proposal
Prelims Facts 29 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Subarnarekha River

Recently, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change directed authorities to take action against illegal sand mining in the Subarnarekha River in Odisha. Origin and Course of the River The Subarnarekha River originates near Nagri village in the Ranchi district of Jharkhand at an elevation of about 600 metres. It flows eastward for nearly 395 kilometres before finally emptying in
Prelims Facts 29 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

National AI Skilling Initiative

 Recently, the Government of India launched the National AI Skilling Initiative to enhance artificial intelligence capabilities in the creative and media sectors. The initiative has been introduced by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting in collaboration with Google and YouTube. Objective of the Initiative The National AI Skilling Initiative is designed to strengthen expertise in
Prelims Facts 29 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Akasha300 3D Printer

 A Kerala-based start-up has delivered the Akasha300 3D Printer to the Indian Space Research Organisation, marking a significant step toward India’s self-reliance in advanced manufacturing technologies. About Akasha300 3D Printer The Akasha300 is a high-temperature, multi-material extrusion 3D printer designed for industrial and research applications. It has been developed with support
Prelims Facts 29 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Smog-Eating Photocatalytic Coating

Recently, the Delhi government in collaboration with the Indian Institute of Technology Madras has initiated studies on “smog-eating” photocatalytic coatings for roads. The aim is to explore innovative solutions to tackle worsening air pollution, particularly in urban environments like Delhi. About Smog-Eating Photocatalytic Coating Smog-eating photocatalytic coating is a spe
Prelims Facts 28 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS)

 Recently, the Cabinet Committee on Security met under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister of India to review the evolving global situation, particularly in the context of the West Asia conflict. The meeting focused on assessing national security concerns and mitigation measures across sectors. The CCS is the highest decision-making body on national security in India. About the Cabinet Com
Prelims Facts 28 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Guru Angad Dev

 Recently, tributes were paid to Guru Angad Dev on the occasion of his Jyoti-Jyot Diwas, which marks his spiritual union with the divine. He holds a significant place in Sikh history as the second Guru of Sikhism, succeeding Guru Nanak Dev. Early Life and Background Guru Angad Dev was born on 31 March 1504 with the birth name Lahna in Matte-di-Sarai, located in present-day Punjab. His lif
Prelims Facts 28 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Religion & Philosophy

Litani River

Recent developments in West Asia highlight the strategic importance of the Litani River, as Israeli airstrikes reportedly destroyed the Qasmiyeh Bridge, a key crossing over the river in southern Lebanon. This incident underscores the river’s geopolitical and infrastructural significance in the region. About Litani River The Litani River is the largest and most important river in Le
Prelims Facts 28 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Sahiwal Cattle

 Recently, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research–Indian Veterinary Research Institute successfully produced indigenous Sahiwal cattle calves using advanced reproductive technologies such as ultrasound-guided ovum pick-up, in vitro fertilization, and embryo transfer (OPU–IVF–ET). This marks a significant step in scientific breeding and conservation of indigenous cattle br
Prelims Facts 28 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Economics of Animal-Rearing

Global Terrorism Index 2026

The Global Terrorism Index 2026 has been recently published by the Institute for Economics and Peace. The report assesses the global impact of terrorism and provides rankings for countries based on terrorism-related indicators. About Global Terrorism Index (GTI) The Global Terrorism Index is a comprehensive annual study that: Covers 163 countries, representing 99.7% of the world&rsq
Prelims Facts 27 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Linkages of Organized Crime with Terrorism

Mutual Credit Guarantee Scheme (MCGS)

The Government of India has recently modified the Mutual Credit Guarantee Scheme (MCGS) in line with Budget 2025–26. The revised scheme aims to strengthen financial support for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), especially manufacturers and exporters, by improving access to credit for investment in machinery and equipment. About Mutual Credit Guarantee Scheme The Mutual Credi
Prelims Facts 27 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Credit Guarantee Scheme for Microfinance Institutions–2.0

The Government of India has recently introduced the Credit Guarantee Scheme for Microfinance Institutions–2.0 (CGSMFI-2.0) to strengthen credit flow to the microfinance sector and improve financial inclusion for small borrowers. About the Scheme The Credit Guarantee Scheme for Microfinance Institutions–2.0 aims to provide a credit guarantee cover to Banks and Financial Instit
Prelims Facts 27 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

INS Taragiri

The Indian Navy is preparing to commission its latest stealth frigate, INS Taragiri (F41), on 03 April 2026. This marks a significant addition to India’s indigenous naval capability under the Project 17A programme. About INS Taragiri INS Taragiri (F41) is the fourth ship of the Nilgiri-class (Project 17A) stealth frigates, constructed by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilding Limited (MDL).
Prelims Facts 27 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Shaheen Falcon

Recently, a pair of Shaheen Falcon was found nesting in a multi-storey residential complex under construction in Kochi. This highlights the bird’s adaptability to urban environments and raises awareness about its conservation. About Shaheen Falcon The Shaheen Falcon is a non-migratory subspecies of the Peregrine falcon, scientifically known as Falco peregrinus peregrinator. It is a
Prelims Facts 27 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary

Recently, the National Board for Wildlife approved a proposal of the Assam Government to rationalise the boundary of the Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary. This decision aims to improve habitat management and strengthen conservation measures in the sanctuary. Location and Establishment The Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the state of Assam. It was established in 1998 to protect the r
Prelims Facts 26 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Lipulekh Pass

Recently, it has been reported that the historic India–China cross-border trade through the Lipulekh Pass in Uttarakhand’s Pithoragarh district is set to resume in June. This development highlights the pass’s continuing importance in trade, connectivity, and strategic Himalayan geopolitics. Location and Geographical Features The Lipulekh Pass is a high-altitude mountain pas
Prelims Facts 26 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Prosopis juliflora

 Recently, the Madras High Court issued 34 directions for the eradication of the invasive species Prosopis juliflora from Tamil Nadu. The court’s intervention highlights growing concerns over ecological degradation caused by invasive species. About Prosopis juliflora Prosopis juliflora is a thorny shrub or small tree belonging to the Fabaceae (legume) family, commonly known as a type of
Prelims Facts 26 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Caspian Sea

Recently, the Israeli military confirmed that its fighter jets carried out strikes on several Iranian naval vessels in the Caspian Sea, highlighting its increasing strategic and geopolitical sensitivity in regional security dynamics. Location and Basic Features The Caspian Sea is the world’s largest enclosed inland water body, located between Europe and Asia. It is named after the
Prelims Facts 26 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Diego Garcia

Recently, Iran reportedly fired two ballistic missiles toward the joint U.S.–U.K. military base at Diego Garcia, bringing renewed global attention to its strategic military significance in the Indian Ocean region. Location and Geographical Features Diego Garcia is a coral atoll located in the central Indian Ocean. It is the largest and southernmost island of the Chagos Archipelago.
Prelims Facts 26 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

National Productivity Council (NPC)

The National Productivity Council has recently signed an agreement with the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change to act as the Environment Audit Designated Agency (EADA). This role will involve supporting environmental compliance and promoting sustainable practices across industries. About National Productivity Council The National Productivity Council was established
Prelims Facts 25 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Neodymium-Iron-Boron (NdFeB) Magnets

 A pilot plant for manufacturing Nd-Fe-B rare earth permanent magnets was recently inaugurated at the International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI) in Hyderabad. This initiative strengthens India’s capabilities in advanced materials and strategic technologies. About Neodymium-Iron-Boron Magnets NdFeB magnets are the strongest permanent m
Prelims Facts 25 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve

Recently, the government of Tamil Nadu informed the Madras High Court that illegal resorts operating within the eco-sensitive zone of the Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve have been locked and sealed. This step aims to curb environmental violations and protect fragile wildlife habitats. About Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve Location and Landscape The Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve is located in
Prelims Facts 25 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Irul Tribe

 The Irul tribe has recently been in focus in the context of Masi Magam, an auspicious day in the Tamil calendar. This occasion holds deep cultural and spiritual importance for the Irular community, reinforcing their traditions, rituals, and collective identity. About the Irul Tribe The Irul (Irula) tribe is a Dravidian ethnic group primarily inhabiting the Nilgiri Mountains across Tamil
Prelims Facts 25 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

Methane

Recent satellite data analysed by Carbon Mapper revealed that 15 of the world’s top 25 methane emission sites in 2025 from the oil and gas sector are located in Turkmenistan. This highlights the global significance of methane emissions and the urgent need to address them in climate action strategies. About Methane Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas responsible for rou
Prelims Facts 25 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

RELIEF Scheme

 The Government of India has approved the RELIEF (Resilience & Logistics Intervention for Export Facilitation) Scheme to support Indian exporters who are facing severe disruptions in international trade routes, particularly in West Asia. These disruptions have led to sharp increases in freight charges, higher insurance costs, and war-related export risks, especially in the Gulf and surround
Prelims Facts 24 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

South Shetland Islands

 A magnitude 6.7 earthquake recently struck the South Shetland Islands in Antarctica, as reported by the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ). The event highlights the tectonic and volcanic activity in this remote polar region, which lies close to the boundary of major geological plates in the Southern Ocean. About the South Shetland Islands The South Shetland Islands are a remote
Prelims Facts 24 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

World Happiness Report

 The UN-backed World Happiness Report 2026 has highlighted a growing concern that heavy social media usage is negatively affecting the well-being of young people across many countries. The report suggests that increased digital engagement, particularly among youth, is linked to reduced mental well-being, raising concerns about the broader social and psychological impacts of technology-driven li
Prelims Facts 24 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Economic Index

Adipose Tissue

 Recent scientific studies have highlighted that adipose tissue (body fat) is not merely a passive storage site for excess calories. Instead, it functions as a dynamic metabolic and endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in regulating energy balance, hormones, and overall metabolism in the human body. About Adipose Tissue Adipose tissue, commonly known as body fat, is a type of connect
Prelims Facts 24 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Cotton Corporation of India (CCI)

 The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved Minimum Support Price (MSP) funding to the Cotton Corporation of India (CCI) for the cotton season 2023–24. This decision is aimed at ensuring that cotton farmers receive remunerative prices when market prices fall below the government-declared MSP, thereby protecting their income and stabilizing the cotton market. About Co
Prelims Facts 23 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Major Crops Cropping Patterns in Various Parts of the Country

Bharat Audyogik Vikas Yojna (BHAVYA)

 The Union Cabinet has recently approved the Bharat Audyogik Vikas Yojna (BHAVYA), a major initiative aimed at strengthening India’s manufacturing ecosystem. The scheme seeks to create world-class industrial infrastructure and accelerate the country’s journey toward becoming a global manufacturing hub. About Bharat Audyogik Vikas Yojna The BHAVYA scheme is designed to unlock I
Prelims Facts 23 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

IOS SAGAR

 The second edition of Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) SAGAR has recently commenced, marking an important step in enhancing maritime cooperation and security collaboration in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). This initiative reflects India’s growing role in promoting regional stability and collective security at sea. About IOS SAGAR Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) SAGAR is a maritime security cooperat
Prelims Facts 23 Apr, 2026 GS-2 International Organization

Small Hydro Power (SHP) Development Scheme

 The Union Cabinet has recently approved the Small Hydro Power (SHP) Development Scheme for the period FY 2026-27 to FY 2030-31. This initiative aims to expand India’s renewable energy portfolio by promoting small hydro projects across the country, with a particular focus on hilly and North-Eastern states, which possess significant untapped potential for hydroelectric generation. About
Prelims Facts 23 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Garo Hills

The Meghalaya State Government has recently extended the term of the Garo Hills Autonomous District Council (GHADC) for a period of six months. This extension ensures the continued functioning of the council and highlights the importance of local governance in tribal areas under the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. About Autonomous District Councils Autonomous District Councils
Prelims Facts 23 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Separation of Powers Between Various Organs

MXene-Based

 Researchers at IIT Guwahati have developed a MXene-based catalyst capable of performing two critical functions: Efficient hydrogen production from water Acting as a photocatalyst for desalination This dual functionality makes it a promising material for sustainable energy generation and clean water technologies. About MXenes MXenes are a family of two-dimension
Prelims Facts 22 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Kalinjar Fort

The Geological Survey of India (GSI) has recently declared the hill region surrounding the Kalinjar Fort in Banda as a National Geo-Heritage Site. This recognition highlights not only the fort’s historical and cultural significance but also its unique geological features, which make it a site of scientific and educational importance. About Kalinjar Fort Kalinjar Fort is located in
Prelims Facts 22 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Indian Heritage & Culture

Ladakh Magmatic Arc

 Recent scientific studies have traced the evolution of the Ladakh Magmatic Arc (LMA) in the Northwest Himalaya, revealing insights into its complex geological history. The LMA represents a long-extinct volcanic system that evolved over tens of millions of years, reflecting interactions between tectonic plates, subduction processes, and magmatic activity. About the Ladakh Magmatic Arc The
Prelims Facts 22 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Hindon River

 A recent survey of the Hindon River has raised serious environmental concerns. Preliminary tests conducted at several locations along the river indicate zero dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. This situation renders the water uninhabitable for most aquatic life, highlighting the extreme level of pollution in the river. About Hindon River Tributary: The Hindon is a tributary of the Yamun
Prelims Facts 22 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Prambanan Temple

India and Indonesia have recently partnered for the restoration of the Prambanan Temple complex located in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in southern Java, Indonesia. This collaboration reflects growing cultural diplomacy between the two countries and focuses on preserving shared civilisational heritage. About Prambanan Temple The Prambanan Temple is the largest Hindu temple complex in
Prelims Facts 21 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Indian Heritage & Culture

Melanoma

A recent study conducted by the National Institutes of Health has found that cholesterol present in the membrane surrounding the cell nucleus may help melanoma spread. A key point is that this discovery provides new insight into how cancer cells grow and spread, which may help in developing targeted treatments in the future. What is Melanoma? Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that begins
Prelims Facts 21 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF)

 India has recently rejected the latest report released by the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, calling it “motivated and biased.” The report had recommended that the United States designate India as a “Country of Particular Concern (CPC)” and consider sanctions against certain Indian entities. About USCIRF The United States Commission o
Prelims Facts 21 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Important International Institutions

Floating LiDAR Buoy System

 The National Institute of Ocean Technology has successfully tested an indigenously developed Floating LiDAR Buoy System off the coast of Muttom. What is a Floating LiDAR Buoy System? The Floating LiDAR Buoy System is a high-tech ocean-based instrument used to measure wind and atmospheric conditions over the sea. It combines: A floating buoy platform LiDAR technology (Li
Prelims Facts 21 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Exercise Sea Dragon 2026

The Indian Navy is participating in Exercise Sea Dragon 2026, a multinational anti-submarine warfare (ASW) exercise led by the United States Navy. The exercise involves several partner nations and focuses on enhancing maritime security cooperation and operational coordination in the Indo-Pacific region. About Exercise Sea Dragon Exercise Sea Dragon is an annual multinational anti-submari
Prelims Facts 21 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Nagoya Protocol

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has recently submitted India’s First National Report on the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) to the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). This report highlights India’s progress in implementing international rules related to the use of genetic resources
Prelims Facts 20 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

V.O. Chidambaranar Port

The V.O. Chidambaranar Port (Tamil Nadu) has become the first port in India to launch a Digital Twin-based port management system. This initiative aligns with the government’s broader maritime modernization goals under Maritime India Vision 2030 and Amrit Kaal Vision 2047. The objective is to make port operations more efficient, predictive, and technology-driven. What is the Digital T
Prelims Facts 20 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Infrastructure

Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme

 The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme, supported by the Modified Interest Subvention Scheme (MISS), is designed to provide timely, affordable, and collateral-free institutional credit to farmers and allied sectors. The main aim is to improve agricultural productivity and ensure financial security for farmers by reducing dependence on informal and high-interest sources of credit. Evolution of t
Prelims Facts 20 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Issues Related to Direct & Indirect Farm Subsidies & Minimum Support Prices

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)

 The Government of Gujarat has launched an intensive statewide vaccination campaign to control the spread of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). The main objective of this campaign is to prevent outbreaks in livestock, protect animal health, and reduce economic losses for farmers and the dairy industry. Since FMD spreads very rapidly, large-scale vaccination is considered essential for effective cont
Prelims Facts 20 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Kanha Tiger Reserve

The Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve has recently completed all necessary formalities to translocate around 50 wild Asiatic water buffaloes to Kanha Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh. This translocation will be done in a phase-wise manner to ensure safety and proper adaptation of the animals in the new habitat. In the first phase, a small number of buffaloes (around 5–15 indivi
Prelims Facts 20 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Sahitya Akademi Award

 Recently, the Sahitya Akademi announced its annual Sahitya Akademi Awards for works in 24 Indian languages recognized by the institution. These awards celebrate outstanding literary contributions across diverse linguistic traditions in India. The awards highlight India’s linguistic diversity and literary excellence across multiple languages. About Sahitya Akademi Award The Sahitya
Prelims Facts 19 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Force Majeure

 Several Gulf energy producers have recently declared force majeure on oil and gas shipments due to disruptions in shipping through the Strait of Hormuz. This move reflects the impact of geopolitical tensions and logistical challenges on global energy supply chains. The declaration allows companies to temporarily suspend contractual obligations without legal penalties due to uncontrollable eve
Prelims Facts 19 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Petroglyphs

Researchers have recently discovered two ancient rock carvings, known as petroglyphs, on a flat rock inside a rock shelter located on a hill behind the Beerappa Temple in Manchirevula. This finding adds to the growing evidence of prehistoric human activity in the region. Such discoveries help in understanding early human culture and artistic expression in India. What are Petroglyphs? Pe
Prelims Facts 19 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS)

Recently, U.S.-based Sentynl Therapeutics, a part of Zydus Lifesciences, signed an agreement with South Korea’s PRG S&T to develop a drug called Progerinin. This medicine is being developed as an oral pill to treat Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome, a rare genetic condition that causes rapid aging in children. This development is significant because Progerinin represents a potent
Prelims Facts 19 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Sejjil Missile

 The Sejjil missile is one of Iran’s most advanced medium-range ballistic missiles. It is a two-stage missile that uses solid fuel, and its development began in the early 1990s before its first successful test in 2008. It is considered a key component of Iran’s strategic missile program. Design and Range The missile is approximately 18 metres long, with a diameter of about 1.2
Prelims Facts 19 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Dimethyl Ether (DME)

Recently, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), in collaboration with an industry partner, announced that it is ready to scale up Dimethyl Ether (DME) technology to an industrial-scale demonstration. This development is significant as it promotes clean fuel alternatives and supports India’s transition towards sustainable ene
Prelims Facts 18 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Great Indian Bustard (GIB)

 Recently, the Government of India informed that Project Great Indian Bustard (GIB) has entered the fourth year of its captive breeding programme. This programme is a crucial conservation effort aimed at increasing the population of the species and preventing its extinction, as the bird is on the brink of disappearing from the wild. About the Great Indian Bustard The Great Indian Bustard
Prelims Facts 18 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA)

Recently, the Central Adoption Resource Authority issued nationwide directions to strengthen adoption procedures. These directions aim to safeguard adoption records, ensure transparency, and protect the identity of children, thereby improving the integrity of the adoption process across India. About CARA The Central Adoption Resource Authority is a statutory body under the Ministry of Wo
Prelims Facts 18 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Recently, the United Nations Environment Programme released a report titled “Safe Disposal of Unused Medicines”, which highlights that the improper disposal of medicines poses serious risks to both environmental and public health. The report emphasizes that pharmaceutical waste can contaminate water and soil, harm ecosystems, and contribute to antimicrobial resistance, making it
Prelims Facts 18 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Gajapati Empire

A Telugu medieval inscription linked to the Gajapati rulers of Odisha has been recently discovered at the Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple. The inscription was found on a stone pillar at Ramachandrapura Agraharam in Guntur. This discovery is significant as it highlights the southern extent and cultural influence of the Gajapati Empire, particularly in the Telugu-speaking regions. About the
Prelims Facts 18 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Medieval History

Assam’s GI-Tagged Joha Rice

 India has recently exported 25 metric tonnes of Assam’s GI-tagged Joha rice to countries like the United Kingdom and Italy. This development reflects India’s growing focus on promoting indigenous and high-value agricultural products in international markets. About Joha Rice Joha rice is an indigenous aromatic rice variety of Assam, known for its pleasant fragrance, fine grain
Prelims Facts 17 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Economic Geography

Deepor Beel

 Recent reports indicate that illegal earth cutting is continuing in a wetland area connected to Deepor Beel in the Satmile region of Guwahati. This is happening despite prohibitory orders by the district administration and restrictions imposed by the Gauhati High Court, raising serious concerns about wetland degradation and ecological damage. About Deepor Beel Deepor Beel is a permane
Prelims Facts 17 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Musi River

Several historic landmarks have been identified under the 55-km Musi River rejuvenation project, with plans to integrate them through heritage tourism and cultural initiatives along the river corridor. This initiative aims to combine ecological restoration with urban heritage conservation, transforming the river into a cultural and environmental asset. About Musi River The Musi River
Prelims Facts 17 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Alprazolam Busted

 Recently, the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) busted a clandestine facility involved in the illegal production of Alprazolam in Andhra Pradesh. This highlights concerns regarding the illegal manufacture and misuse of psychotropic substances in India. About Alprazolam Alprazolam is a psychotropic substance regulated under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 19
Prelims Facts 17 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Acrylonitrile

 Recent computer simulations suggest that acrylonitrile, an organic compound present on Titan, may have the ability to self-assemble into cell-like membrane structures. This discovery is significant as it opens new possibilities in the study of extraterrestrial life and alternative biochemistry. About Acrylonitrile Acrylonitrile is an organic compound that is industrially produced thro
Prelims Facts 17 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

LIGO-India Project

 India’s ambitious LIGO-India project, proposed in Hingoli district of Maharashtra, is currently facing significant implementation delays. This has raised concerns about whether the project will meet its timeline, although the government has reiterated its commitment to complete it by 2030. The delay is important because the project is a key part of the global scientific effort to detect
Prelims Facts 16 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

 A recent outbreak of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) was reported at the Jalpaiguri Central Correctional Home in West Bengal. Around 92 inmates were infected between August 2025 and March 2026, and seven deaths were reported, highlighting the seriousness of the infection, especially in crowded and confined environments. About Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Herpes Simplex Virus is a common viral i
Prelims Facts 16 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Kharg Island

 Kharg Island has recently been in the news after the United States carried out airstrikes on military targets there amid escalating tensions with Iran. This has raised serious concerns about disruptions to global oil supply, as the island is a critical hub for Iran’s petroleum exports. Location and Physical Features Kharg Island is a small coral island located in the northern part
Prelims Facts 16 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Peptide Therapeutics

 Peptide therapeutics are gaining significant attention globally in both research and clinical practice. This is mainly due to their high specificity, better safety profile, and targeted action, which make them promising for treating diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. About Peptides Peptides are short chains of amino acids that are naturally present in the human
Prelims Facts 16 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

 Amid rising global concerns over nuclear non-proliferation, the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recently held discussions with the head of Rosatom, Russia’s state nuclear energy corporation. About the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) The International Atomic Energy Agency is the world’s leading intergovernmental organisation for sci
Prelims Facts 16 Apr, 2026 GS-2 International Organization

National Shipping Board (NSB)

 Recently, the Government of India held a high-level interaction with the National Shipping Board (NSB) to discuss challenges facing the shipping sector. This development is important in the context of global maritime uncertainty, including disruptions in trade routes, rising logistics costs, and geopolitical tensions affecting shipping operations. About the National Shipping Board The Na
Prelims Facts 15 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Spotted Hyena

 A recent study has highlighted the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) as an unexpected “eco-warrior” in Ethiopia’s second-largest city, Mekelle. The research shows that hyenas play an important ecological and sanitary role in urban environments by scavenging waste and helping reduce the spread of disease by consuming organic refuse and carcasses. This unusual adaptation reflects
Prelims Facts 15 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Kurumba Painting

 Recently, the Kurumba painting tradition has been in the news due to concerns that this ancient tribal art form is facing the threat of extinction. The decline of this art is linked to the reduced practice among younger generations, lack of adequate livelihood support for artists, and increasing cultural and social changes in tribal regions. About Kurumba Painting Kurumba painting is a p
Prelims Facts 15 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Devon Island

 Devon Island is located in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the High Arctic region. It lies to the north of Baffin Island, with Baffin Bay to its east and Ellesmere Island to its north. It is the largest uninhabited island in the world, meaning there are no permanent human settlements. The island is characterized by vast stretches of rocky terrain and ice-covered regions, making it extrem
Prelims Facts 14 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP)

 Recently, the Union Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare informed the Rajya Sabha about the status and progress of the National Leprosy Eradication Programme. The update emphasized the government’s continued commitment to eliminating leprosy from India through strengthened surveillance, early detection, and comprehensive care. About the Programme The National Leprosy Era
Prelims Facts 14 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Roopkund Lake (Skeleton Lake)

 Roopkund Lake has recently been in news due to renewed discussions about its mysterious human skeletons and fresh interpretations from scientific studies. Researchers have highlighted that the remains found at the lake belong to different time periods and diverse ancestral groups, challenging earlier assumptions about a single catastrophic event. Location and Physical Features Roopkund L
Prelims Facts 14 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Bascule Bridge

 The Union Government has recently approved a ₹117.54 crore project for the renovation of the Bascule Bridge. This bridge is an important part of Kolkata’s port infrastructure and plays a key role in ensuring smooth movement of both road traffic and ships. About Bascule Bridge A bascule bridge is a type of movable bridge that can be lifted to allow ships and boats to pass underneath.
Prelims Facts 13 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Silent Valley National Park

 A recent comprehensive bird survey in Silent Valley National Park has recorded 192 bird species, highlighting the rich avian biodiversity of this ecologically sensitive rainforest region. The findings reaffirm the park’s status as one of India’s most important biodiversity hotspots. Location and Geography Silent Valley National Park is located in the southwestern part of the
Prelims Facts 13 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Doomsday Fish

 Recently, two giant oarfish—popularly known as “doomsday fish”—were spotted near the shore in Cabo San Lucas. This is considered an extremely rare event, as these creatures usually inhabit deep ocean waters and seldom come to the surface. About Doomsday Fish (Oarfish) The oarfish, scientifically known as Regalecus glesne, is a deep-sea fish often referred to as th
Prelims Facts 13 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sinhagad Fort

 Recently, at least 25 people were injured after a swarm of bees attacked visitors at Sinhagad Fort. This incident has raised concerns regarding visitor safety, ecological sensitivity, and crowd management at popular heritage sites. Location and Geographical Features Sinhagad Fort is located near Pune in the state of Maharashtra. It is perched on an isolated cliff in the Bhuleswar range o
Prelims Facts 12 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

DART Mission

 A recent study has shown that the DART Mission not only changed the motion of an asteroid within its own system but also slightly altered the orbit of the entire asteroid pair around the Sun. This is an important finding because it proves that planetary defense actions can have wider cosmic effects than previously understood. About DART Mission The DART (Double Asteroid Redirection Test)
Prelims Facts 12 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Gurudongmar Lake

 Tourism to Gurudongmar Lake has started to revive after more than two years of disruption. The decline in tourist activity was caused by the devastating South Lhonak Lake GLOF, which had severely damaged road infrastructure in North Sikkim. With gradual restoration efforts, access to the lake is improving, leading to a renewed flow of visitors. About Gurudongmar Lake Gurudongmar Lake is loca
Prelims Facts 12 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Sheshnaag-150

 The Sheshnaag-150 is a cutting-edge long-range swarm attack drone being developed in India. It represents a major advancement in AI-driven autonomous warfare systems and highlights the growing role of private startups like NewSpace Research and Technologies in defense innovation. About Sheshnaag-150 Sheshnaag-150 is designed as a long-range collaborative swarm drone capable of carrying o
Prelims Facts 12 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Fiscal Health Index (FHI) 2026

 Recently, the NITI Aayog released the Fiscal Health Index (FHI) 2026 in New Delhi. This is the second edition of the index, which evaluates the fiscal performance of Indian states using a systematic and data-driven approach. About the Fiscal Health Index The Fiscal Health Index is a framework developed to assess how efficiently Indian states manage their finances. It provides a comparati
Prelims Facts 12 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

National Highways Green Cover Index

Recently, the National Highways Authority of India released the first National Highways Green Cover Index (NH-GCI). About the National Highways Green Cover Index The NH-GCI is an initiative developed by the National Highways Authority of India in collaboration with the National Remote Sensing Centre under Indian Space Research Organisation. It aims to provide a scientific and quantita
Prelims Facts 11 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

UN Report on Migratory Species

 The interim update of the UN State of the World’s Migratory Species Report 2024 highlights a worrying global trend, stating that 49% of migratory species populations are declining under the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. Key Findings of the Report Population Decline and Rising Extinction Risk The report shows that nearly half of all CMS-list
Prelims Facts 11 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Exercise LAMITIYE

 An Indian Armed Forces contingent is participating in the 11th edition of Exercise LAMITIYE-2026 with the Seychelles Defence Forces in Seychelles. This reflects the continued strengthening of defence ties between the two nations. About Exercise LAMITIYE Exercise LAMITIYE is a joint military exercise conducted between India and Seychelles. The term “LAMITIYE” means “Frie
Prelims Facts 11 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Anavaran Portal

 Recently, the Forest Survey of India discontinued its Anavaran Deforestation Alert System, which was designed to monitor forest cover loss across the country. About Anavaran Portal The Anavaran Portal is a digital monitoring system that has been operational since January 2024. It was developed to track deforestation and forest cover loss using advanced technologies. The system enabled
Prelims Facts 11 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

 India has submitted its 7th National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity, providing a comprehensive assessment of progress toward 23 National Biodiversity Targets (NBTs) and 142 indicators aligned with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. The report highlights that only two out of the 23 targets are currently on track, while others lack quantitative evidence and
Prelims Facts 11 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)

 Recently, the Narcotics Control Bureau dismantled a pan-India drug distribution network operating under the name Team Kalki. About Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) The Narcotics Control Bureau is the nodal drug law enforcement and intelligence agency functioning under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. It was established on 14th November 1985 under the provisions of the
Prelims Facts 10 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Fertility Transition in India

 India has undergone a remarkable fertility transition over the last 25 years, as reflected in successive National Family Health Surveys (NFHS). The country has moved from a high-fertility developing nation to one where most states have reached or fallen below the replacement level fertility of 2.1. This transition has effectively weakened the “Population Bomb” thesis proposed by
Prelims Facts 10 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Urbanization, their problems and their remedies

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)

 Recently, Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) has been reported to be spreading rapidly across the West Coast of the United States, raising concerns among health authorities due to its highly contagious nature. About Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that belongs to the Pneumoviridae family, which also includes Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). It
Prelims Facts 10 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

White Phosphorus

 Recently, the Human Rights Watch accused Israel of unlawfully using white phosphorus over residential areas in southern Lebanon. About White Phosphorus White phosphorus (also known as yellow phosphorus) is a waxy solid substance that appears white to yellow and emits a garlic-like odour. Key Properties It ignites spontaneously in air at temperatures above 30°C. O
Prelims Facts 10 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

BharatNet Project

 Recently, the Government of India announced that under the BharatNet Project, the country has expanded its optical fibre network, 5G services, and digital public infrastructure to over 2.15 lakh Gram Panchayats. About BharatNet Project The BharatNet Project is a flagship initiative of the Government of India aimed at providing broadband connectivity to all Gram Panchayats (GPs) in the co
Prelims Facts 10 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Stenothoe lowryi

For the first time in India, a rare marine amphipod species named Stenothoe lowryi has been discovered in Indian waters. The species was identified by researchers from Berhampur University during a marine survey at Aryjapalli Beach in Odisha’s Ganjam district. Previously, this species was known only from the coastal waters of Malaysia, making its discovery in India significant for mar
Prelims Facts 09 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Kheybar Shekan Missile

Recently, Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) claimed that it used the Kheybar Shekan Missile to target key locations in Israel, including the office of Benjamin Netanyahu and an air force command centre. This incident highlights the growing military tensions in the region. About Kheybar Shekan Missile The Kheybar Shekan missile is Iran’s latest long-range ballist
Prelims Facts 09 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)

 The Minister of State for Women and Child Development is set to participate in the 70th Session of the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW-70) at the United Nations Headquarters. This highlights India’s continued engagement in global efforts toward gender equality and women’s empowerment. About the Commission on the Status of Women The Commission on the Status of Women (CS
Prelims Facts 08 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Syphilis

 The World Health Organization (WHO) has certified Denmark for achieving the elimination of mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT) of HIV and syphilis. This milestone reflects strong public health measures and effective disease control strategies. About Syphilis Syphilis is a preventable and curable bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI). It can cause serious health complications if
Prelims Facts 08 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Qeshm Island

 Iran’s Foreign Minister has accused the United States of attacking a desalination plant located on Qeshm Island, stating that such an action sets a concerning precedent amid rising regional tensions. About Qeshm Island Qeshm Island is the largest island in the Persian Gulf, situated near the strategically important Strait of Hormuz. The island belongs to Iran and holds significant geog
Prelims Facts 08 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Koala

 A recent study has highlighted that a rapid rebound in koala populations in southeastern Australia is also improving their genetic diversity, offering hope in reversing the risk of extinction. About Koala The Koala is an iconic animal of Australia. Although often called a “koala bear,” it is actually a marsupial, meaning it carries and nurtures its young in a pouch. Its scient
Prelims Facts 08 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

THAAD Missile System

 Recent reports suggest that Iran has destroyed a key Terminal High Altitude Area Defence (THAAD) radar system used by the United States in the Middle East to detect and intercept incoming ballistic missiles. This development highlights the strategic importance of missile defence systems in modern warfare. About THAAD Missile System The THAAD Missile System (Terminal High Altitude Area De
Prelims Facts 08 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Dark Oxygen

 Recently, scientists exploring the deep seafloor of the Pacific Ocean have discovered a phenomenon called “dark oxygen”, where oxygen is produced in complete darkness, without sunlight. This finding challenges existing scientific understanding about how oxygen is generated on Earth. What is Dark Oxygen? Dark oxygen refers to oxygen produced deep below the ocean surface
Prelims Facts 07 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Solomon Islands

 Recently, a 6.7-magnitude earthquake struck Kirakira in the Solomon Islands. This event highlights the region’s high seismic vulnerability, as it lies in an earthquake-prone zone of the Pacific Ocean. About Solomon Islands Location The Solomon Islands are located in the south-western Pacific Ocean. They lie southeast of Papua New Guinea and northwest of Vanuatu.
Prelims Facts 07 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Khelo India Tribal Games (KITG)

 The Government of India has announced that the first edition of the Khelo India Tribal Games (KITG) will be held from March 25 to April 6. This event is a significant step toward promoting sports among tribal communities and providing them with a national platform. About Khelo India Tribal Games The Khelo India Tribal Games are part of the Khelo India Scheme and are specially designed to
Prelims Facts 07 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Blue Sparrow Missile

 Israel reportedly used the Blue Sparrow missile in a high-profile strike targeting Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in Tehran. This development has brought global attention to the missile’s capabilities and its evolving role in modern warfare. About Blue Sparrow Missile The Blue Sparrow missile is part of a family of air-launched ballistic missiles, which also includes the Black Sparrow and
Prelims Facts 07 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Striped Hyena

 Tajikistan and Uzbekistan have recently proposed the inclusion of the striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in Appendix I and II of the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS). This proposal will be discussed at the upcoming CMS COP15 (Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals), aiming to strengthen global conservation efforts for this species. About Striped Hyena Taxonom
Prelims Facts 06 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

AI Ethics vs Military Use

 A controversy has arisen after the U.S. Department of Defense reportedly blacklisted the AI company Anthropic for refusing to allow its AI systems to be used for domestic surveillance and autonomous weapon applications. This incident has triggered a global debate on the ethical use of artificial intelligence, its role in military operations, and the lack of effective governance frameworks. 1. A
Prelims Facts 06 Apr, 2026 GS-4 Ethics

SWAYATT Initiative

 Recently, the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) celebrated the seven-year journey of its flagship initiative SWAYATT (Startups, Women and Youth Advantage through e-Transactions). The initiative reflects the government’s commitment to inclusive growth and digital empowerment in public procurement. About the SWAYATT Initiative The SWAYATT Initiative was launched in February 2019.
Prelims Facts 06 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Broadcast Audience Research Council

The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting has recently directed the Broadcast Audience Research Council (BARC) to suspend the publication of Television Rating Points (TRPs) for TV news channels for a period of four weeks or until further notice. This step has been taken due to concerns regarding the credibility, transparency, and possible manipulation of TRP data, and it indicates the gover
Prelims Facts 05 Apr, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

G-SPIDER Robot

 Recently, the Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation has deployed the AI-powered G-SPIDER robot under the Swachh Bharat Mission–Urban 2.0. This initiative aims to improve urban sanitation and canal cleaning by reducing human involvement in hazardous environments. About G-SPIDER Robot The G-SPIDER robot is an automated canal-cleaning robot developed by Genrobotic Innovations. It i
Prelims Facts 05 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Mumps

 Health authorities in Maryland, United States, have recently issued an alert due to a rise in mumps cases. This increase highlights the importance of continuous disease surveillance and vaccination efforts to prevent outbreaks. About Mumps Mumps is a contagious viral disease caused by the mumps virus, which belongs to the paramyxovirus group. It primarily affects the salivary glands, esp
Prelims Facts 05 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Sambar Deer

 The Wildlife Wing of the Himachal Pradesh Forest Department recently recorded the presence of sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) in high-altitude protected areas of Chamba district using camera traps. This is the first confirmed observation of the species in these regions, highlighting their adaptability to higher altitudes. About Sambar Deer The sambar deer is a large deer species native to th
Prelims Facts 05 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

GPS Spoofing

 Recently, it has been observed that GPS spoofing is creating a digital fog of war for aircraft flying near the UAE and Iran. This raises serious concerns about navigation safety, airspace security, and military operations in conflict-prone regions. What is GPS Spoofing? GPS spoofing, also known as GPS simulation, is the practice of tricking a GPS receiver by broadcasting false satellite
Prelims Facts 04 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

GPS Spoofing

 Recently, it has been observed that GPS spoofing is creating a digital fog of war for aircraft flying near the UAE and Iran. This raises serious concerns about navigation safety, airspace security, and military operations in conflict-prone regions. What is GPS Spoofing? GPS spoofing, also known as GPS simulation, is the practice of tricking a GPS receiver by broadcasting false satellite
Prelims Facts 04 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

EASE 9.0 Reforms

The EASE 9.0 reforms, launched in February 2026 by the Department of Financial Services, aim to transform India’s Public Sector Banks (PSBs) into globally competitive, technology-driven, and resilient institutions. The initiative aligns with the national vision of Viksit Bharat @2047 and emphasizes technology-led modernization, operational excellence, and socio-economic impact. Founda
Prelims Facts 04 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Shahed Drones

 The United States has expressed serious concerns over the capabilities of Iran’s Shahed attack drones, highlighting their growing use in modern conflicts and their potential to disrupt regional security. About Shahed Drones Shahed (meaning “witness” in Farsi) drones are low-cost, one-way attack unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) developed by Iran. They are often c
Prelims Facts 04 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Raisina Dialogue 2026

 The Prime Minister of India recently inaugurated the 11th edition of the Raisina Dialogue in New Delhi, reinforcing India’s role as a hub for global strategic and economic discussions. About Raisina Dialogue The Raisina Dialogue is India’s flagship conference on geopolitics and geo-economics, aimed at addressing the most pressing international challenges. It is modeled after
Prelims Facts 04 Apr, 2026 GS-2 International Organization

India’s First Semiconductor Facility

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated India’s first semiconductor facility at Sanand in Gujarat. This development marks a significant step in India’s efforts to build a domestic semiconductor ecosystem and reduce dependence on imports. About the Semiconductor Facility The semiconductor plant has been set up by Micron Technology as an Assembly, Testing, Marking, and Packagi
Prelims Facts 03 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Golestan Palace

 Amid escalating tensions in the Middle East, Iran’s capital, Tehran, recently suffered significant structural damage, including to the historic Golestan Palace, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The incident has raised concerns over the preservation of Iran’s cultural and architectural heritage. About Golestan Palace Golestan Palace, located in the heart of Tehran, is one of Iran
Prelims Facts 03 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Guru Tegh Bahadur

 Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the 350th martyrdom year (Shaheedi Samagam) of Guru Tegh Bahadur, paying tribute to his unparalleled sacrifice. He highlighted Guru Tegh Bahadur’s legacy of bravery, religious tolerance, and social harmony, which continues to inspire India. Life and Background Guru Tegh Bahadur was born in 1621 in Amritsar to Guru Hargobind. He was originall
Prelims Facts 03 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Religion & Philosophy

Sharavathi Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Project

 The High Court of Karnataka recently ordered the issuance of notices to both the Central and State governments regarding a Public Interest Litigation (PIL). The PIL questions the legality of approvals given by the State Wildlife Board and the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife for the Sharavathi Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Project (PSHP). About the Project The Sharava
Prelims Facts 03 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Missile Defence System

 A missile defence system is a military setup designed to detect, track, intercept, and destroy incoming missiles before they reach their intended targets. Its main purpose is to protect civilian populations, military installations, and critical infrastructure. These systems rely on a coordinated network of satellites, radars, command centres, and interceptor missiles, which work together in re
Prelims Facts 02 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Rice Fortification

 Rice fortification is the deliberate addition of essential vitamins and minerals to rice after harvesting, aimed at improving its nutritional quality. This process addresses hidden hunger, which is caused by micronutrient deficiencies, without changing the rice’s taste, appearance, or cooking properties. Polished white rice, the most commonly consumed form in India, loses 75–90%
Prelims Facts 02 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Dusky Eagle Owl

Recently, a pair of rare Dusky Eagle Owls was sighted in the Phato tourism zone of the Terai West forest division, adjacent to the Corbett Tiger Reserve in Uttarakhand. This is significant because such sightings had not been reported in this area for 15 years, indicating the presence of a stable or recovering population in the region. About the Dusky Eagle Owl The Dusky Eagle Owl (Bubo c
Prelims Facts 02 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Gypsum

Recently, scientists have been studying gypsum deposits in the Salar de Pajonales. This site has gained importance because gypsum is found both on Earth and on Mars, helping scientists understand planetary processes and the role of water in shaping surfaces. About Gypsum Gypsum is a sedimentary mineral mainly composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO₄·2H₂O) along with anhydr
Prelims Facts 01 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Carbon-14

 The discovery of carbon-14 in 1940 by Martin Kamen and Samuel Ruben marked a major breakthrough in science. It enabled the development of radiocarbon dating, which revolutionised the way scientists determine the age of ancient artefacts and fossils. About Carbon-14 Carbon exists in three main isotopes: carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14. Carbon-12 and carbon-13 are stable isoto
Prelims Facts 01 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Arab League

 India’s External Affairs Minister recently met the foreign ministers of five member countries of the Arab League to discuss ways to strengthen India’s relations with West Asia and to exchange views on the current situation in the region. This reflects India’s increasing diplomatic engagement with Arab countries due to their importance in energy, trade, and regional stability.
Prelims Facts 22 Mar, 2026 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

Indian Coast Guard

 The Indian Coast Guard recently celebrated its 50th Raising Day, and Narendra Modi extended greetings, recognizing its vital role in protecting India’s maritime interests. The Indian Coast Guard has emerged as an important pillar of national security and maritime governance. About Indian Coast Guard The Indian Coast Guard is a maritime armed force under the Ministry of Defence. It was
Prelims Facts 22 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Various Security Forces & Agencies & Their Mandate

Indian Coast Guard

 The Indian Coast Guard recently celebrated its 50th Raising Day, and Narendra Modi extended greetings, recognizing its vital role in protecting India’s maritime interests. The Indian Coast Guard has emerged as an important pillar of national security and maritime governance. About Indian Coast Guard The Indian Coast Guard is a maritime armed force under the Ministry of Defence. It was
Prelims Facts 22 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Various Security Forces & Agencies & Their Mandate

El Niño

 According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), there is a possibility of the El Niño phenomenon developing after July 2026, but definitive clarity on its formation will emerge only in April. Global forecasters, including the U.S. NOAA, estimate that the chances of El Niño forming during the June–August period are around 62%, with the probability increasing later in the
Prelims Facts 22 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Pechora Missile System

A Bengaluru-based defence company, Alpha Design Technologies Ltd (ADTL), has successfully upgraded the Pechora missile system of the Indian Air Force. This development reflects India’s emphasis on modernising legacy defence systems through indigenous technology. About Pechora Missile System The Pechora missile system, officially known as the S-125 Neva/Pechora, is a Soviet-origin mediu
Prelims Facts 21 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD)

A recent death in Karnataka due to Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), also known as monkey fever, has brought renewed attention to this tick-borne viral disease, which can turn fatal if not detected early. About Kyasanur Forest Disease Kyasanur Forest Disease is a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic disease that is mainly found in southern India. It was first reported in 1957 in the Kyasanur Forest of
Prelims Facts 21 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Solar Cycles

Researchers from IIT Kanpur have recently developed a new method to predict solar cycles, which can improve our understanding of solar activity and its impact on Earth. About Solar Cycles A solar cycle refers to an approximately 11-year cycle of solar activity driven by changes in the Sun’s magnetic field. This cycle is primarily observed through the frequency and intensity of sunspots
Prelims Facts 21 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Molybdenum Disulfide

Scientists have recently developed an ultra-thin electronic system using Molybdenum Disulfide that is only a few atoms thick. An important feature of this system is that high-energy particles can pass through it without causing damage, which makes it highly suitable for use in radiation-resistant electronic devices, especially in extreme environments such as space. What is Molybdenum Disulf
Prelims Facts 21 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

AI Data Centres

   India has recently stepped up efforts to position itself as a global AI infrastructure hub by inviting international technology companies to establish large AI-focused data centres in the country. This move is aligned with India’s broader push toward digital transformation and technological leadership. About AI Data Centres AI data centres are advanced digital infrastructure
Prelims Facts 20 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Open Acreage Licensing Policy

Oil India Limited has undertaken seismic studies in the blocks awarded under the 9th round of OALP. This step has been taken to assess hydrocarbon potential and to formulate an effective bidding strategy for the upcoming 10th round. This development highlights the growing importance of data-driven exploration and strategic planning in India’s oil and gas sector. Introduction to OALP Th
Prelims Facts 20 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Grain ATM

The government of Bihar has recently approved the installation of three Grain ATM machines in Patna as part of a pilot project. The initiative is aimed at improving the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of food grain distribution under the Public Distribution System (PDS). If successful, the model may be expanded to other regions. What is a Grain ATM? A Grain ATM, also known as
Prelims Facts 20 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Major Crops Cropping Patterns in Various Parts of the Country

United Nations Commission for Social Development

The Minister of State for Women and Child Development will lead the Indian delegation at the 64th session of the United Nations Commission for Social Development (CSocD). This participation highlights India’s commitment to engaging in global policymaking on social issues such as inclusion, welfare, and poverty reduction. What is the United Nations Commission for Social Development?
Prelims Facts 20 Mar, 2026 GS-2 Important International Institutions

Polar Vortex

 A recent severe winter storm in the United States, affecting regions from Texas to New England, has highlighted the important role of the stratospheric polar vortex in shaping extreme weather events. What is the Polar Vortex? The polar vortex is a large region of low pressure and extremely cold air that surrounds both the North Pole and South Pole. It extends from the tropopause
Prelims Facts 19 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Euratom

 Recently, European Union and India reaffirmed their commitment to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy under the India–Euratom agreement. This highlights growing collaboration in safe, sustainable, and civilian nuclear technologies. What is Euratom? European Atomic Energy Community is an international organization established under the Treaty of Rome in 1957.
Prelims Facts 19 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Model Youth Gram Sabha

 The Ministry of Panchayati Raj, in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, is organizing a National Award Ceremony to felicitate the winners of the Model Youth Gram Sabha initiative. This step reflects the government’s commitment to promoting youth participation in grassroots governance. About Model Youth Gram Sabha The Model Youth Gram Sabh
Prelims Facts 19 Mar, 2026 GS-2 Devolution of Powers & Finances to Local Levels & Challenges Therein

Doomsday Clock

The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists has recently moved the Doomsday Clock to 85 seconds to midnight, which is the closest the world has ever been to global catastrophe. This change highlights increasing concerns about nuclear risks, climate change, and emerging technologies. About the Doomsday Clock The Doomsday Clock is a symbolic clock that represents how close humanity is to a globa
Prelims Facts 19 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

NPS Swasthya Pension Scheme (NSPS)

 The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority has recently launched the NPS Swasthya Pension Scheme (NSPS) on a pilot basis. This initiative aims to combine pension savings with healthcare financial support, marking an important reform in the social security framework. About NPS Swasthya Pension Scheme (NSPS) The NPS Swasthya Pension Scheme (NSPS) is a new initiative introduced as a
Prelims Facts 19 Mar, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Sacred Groves in India

 Recent reports from Kapena village, Odisha, highlight how communal tensions between tribal communities and Christians have disrupted the practice and sanctity of tribal sacred groves. Sacred groves are not only cultural and religious spaces but also ecological treasures, conserved for generations by local communities. What Are Sacred Groves? Sacred groves are patches of virgin or near-natura
Prelims Facts 18 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Schizophrenia

 Recent research analyzing data from more than half a million people has revealed that individuals with schizophrenia are more likely to have weaker bones and suffer fractures compared to the general population. What is Schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that disrupts thought processes, perceptions, emotional responses, and social interactions. The severity an
Prelims Facts 18 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Sonic Boom

 Recent studies have shown that seismometers can detect sonic booms created by debris from orbit falling back to Earth. This highlights that sonic booms are not only generated by aircraft but also by objects re-entering the atmosphere from space, producing detectable ground vibrations. What is a Sonic Boom? A sonic boom is a loud, thunderous noise produced when an object moves faster than the
Prelims Facts 18 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Bacillus subtilis

 Recently, Kerala declared Bacillus subtilis as its “State microbe.” This recognition highlights the importance of this microorganism in agriculture, health, and scientific research. What is Bacillus subtilis? Bacillus subtilis is a type of beneficial (“good”) bacterium, commonly classified as a probiotic, meaning it can support healthy biological processes.
Prelims Facts 18 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Liberalised Remittances Scheme (LRS)

   Recent data indicates that outward remittances by Indians under the Liberalised Remittances Scheme declined to $1.94 billion in November 2025, marking a two-year low. This decline was mainly due to a significant reduction in spending on foreign education, reflecting changing trends in overseas expenditure. About the Liberalised Remittances Scheme (LRS) The Liberalised Remittances S
Prelims Facts 17 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Indira Gandhi Peace Prize

 Recently, Mozambican humanitarian and rights activist Graça Machel has been selected for the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development for 2025. She is globally recognized for her work in human rights, women’s empowerment, and child welfare. About the Indira Gandhi Peace Prize The Indira Gandhi Peace Prize, formally known as the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Di
Prelims Facts 17 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Red-Eared Slider Turtle

 The Red-eared slider, an invasive freshwater turtle, has become a growing ecological concern in Coimbatore. Originally introduced through the pet trade, these turtles are now being released into local water bodies, threatening native aquatic biodiversity. Their uncontrolled release can disrupt freshwater ecosystems and harm native turtle species. About the Red-Eared Slider The red-eared
Prelims Facts 17 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Gandak River

 The Gandak River has recently emerged as the second major river after the Chambal River with the highest number of gharials, the fish-eating crocodiles. This highlights the river’s importance as a critical habitat for endangered species in India. About the Gandak River The Gandak River, also known as Narayani in Nepal, is a major left-bank tributary of the Ganges in India. It is me
Prelims Facts 17 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Forever Chemicals (PFAS)

 Recent scientific studies of human blood samples collected between 2003 and 2021 have revealed that the levels of older PFAS, commonly known as “forever chemicals,” dropped by 86%. This reduction occurred because manufacturers stopped producing certain older PFAS compounds. What Are Forever Chemicals? Forever chemicals, scientifically referred to as PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalky
Prelims Facts 17 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Phulkari

 Recently, an exhibition showcased over 40 rare pre-Partition textiles that highlighted how Phulkari embroidery was deeply connected to women’s lives, traditions, and everyday culture in the region of undivided Punjab. These textiles demonstrate how phulkari functioned not only as an art form but also as a symbol of identity, heritage, and social customs. About Phulkari Phulkari, wh
Prelims Facts 16 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Engineering Export Promotion Council of India (EEPC India)

 The Engineering Export Promotion Council of India (EEPC India) recently urged the Government of India to reduce income tax rates for non-corporate manufacturing MSMEs in the Union Budget and to expedite the payment of Goods and Services Tax (GST) refunds. The council argued that such measures would improve liquidity and competitiveness of engineering exporters, especially small and medium ente
Prelims Facts 16 Mar, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Lambadi Tribe

 The Supreme Court of India is once again being asked to rule on the long-standing controversy regarding the Parliament’s decision to grant Scheduled Tribe (ST) status to the Lambadi community in Telangana. This issue has significant implications for social welfare benefits and legal recognition for the community. About the Lambadi Tribe The Lambadi Tribe, also known as Sugali or Ba
Prelims Facts 16 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

Steel Slag

 Recently, the Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science and Technology in India advocated the wider adoption of steel slag–based road construction and repair technology, particularly in hilly and Himalayan regions. The initiative aims to promote sustainable infrastructure and efficient use of industrial waste. About Steel Slag Steel slag is an industrial by-product g
Prelims Facts 16 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Borax

 A tragic incident was recently reported from Tamil Nadu, where a 19-year-old college student died after consuming borax for weight loss. The incident has raised serious concerns about the misuse of chemical substances for health or cosmetic purposes without medical guidance. About Borax Definition Borax is a naturally occurring mineral compound scientifically known as sodium tetrabora
Prelims Facts 15 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)

 Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) has recently gained attention as a growing public health concern, particularly in India, due to increasing cases linked with obesity, diabetes, and unhealthy lifestyles. About MASLD Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is a chronic liver condition caused by excessive accumulation of fat in
Prelims Facts 15 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Atal Pension Yojana (APY)

 Recently, the Union Cabinet of India approved the continuation of the Atal Pension Yojana (APY) up to Financial Year 2030–31. The extension aims to strengthen social security for workers in the unorganised sector and encourage long-term retirement savings. About Atal Pension Yojana The Atal Pension Yojana (APY) is a government-backed pension scheme launched on 9 May 2015 by the Gov
Prelims Facts 15 Mar, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)

 Recently, the Union Cabinet of India approved equity support of ₹5,000 crore for the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI). This decision aims to strengthen SIDBI’s financial capacity to support Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and promote entrepreneurship across the country. About Small Industries Development Bank of India The Small Industries Development
Prelims Facts 15 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Central Silk Board (CSB)

 Recently, the Government of India increased the financial approval limit of the Central Silk Board from ₹50 lakh to ₹1 crore by amending Rule 22 of the Central Silk Board Rules, 1955. This step is intended to improve administrative efficiency and speed up decision-making for projects related to the development of the silk industry in India. About Central Silk Board The Central Silk B
Prelims Facts 14 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Food Processing & Related Industries in India

World Economic Forum (WEF)

 Recently, Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw stated that while India engages with global powers at international forums, the World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting at Davos primarily serves as a platform for exchange of ideas rather than formal group-to-group trade negotiations. About the World Economic Forum The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an international non-profit organization established in
Prelims Facts 14 Mar, 2026 GS-2 Important International Institutions

Responsible Nations Index (RNI)

 Recently, India launched the Responsible Nations Index (RNI) at the Dr. Ambedkar International Centre. The index aims to evaluate countries not only on economic strength but also on their responsibility toward citizens, the environment, and the global community. About the Responsible Nations Index The Responsible Nations Index (RNI) is India’s first globally anchored index designed to
Prelims Facts 14 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Economic Index

Kamchatka Peninsula

 Recently, the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia’s Far East has experienced extreme and record-breaking snowfall, as powerful winter storms dumped several metres of snow across the region. The event highlights the peninsula’s harsh climatic conditions and unique geographical environment. Location The Kamchatka Peninsula is located in Russia in the far eastern part of the country.
Prelims Facts 14 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Indian Skimmer

 Recently, the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) launched a new conservation project under the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) in Dehradun to protect the Indian Skimmer in the Ganga Basin. The initiative aims to conserve this endangered riverine bird species and its fragile habitat. About the Indian Skimmer The Indian Skimmer is a unique water bird belonging to the genus Rynch
Prelims Facts 14 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

India International Conference on Democracy and Election Management (IICDEM) 2026

 The Election Commission of India (ECI) will host the inaugural India International Conference on Democracy and Election Management 2026 (IICDEM 2026) at Bharat Mandapam. The conference aims to bring together global stakeholders to discuss best practices, challenges, and innovations in election management and democratic governance. About IICDEM 2026 The conference will be a three-day inte
Prelims Facts 13 Mar, 2026 GS-2 International Organization

INS Sudarshini

 The INS Sudarshini will undertake the flagship voyage of Lokayan 26, a 10-month transoceanic expedition covering over 22,000 nautical miles and visiting multiple international ports. The expedition highlights India’s maritime heritage, naval training, and international engagement. About INS Sudarshini INS Sudarshini is an indigenously built Sail Training Ship (STS) of the Indian Na
Prelims Facts 13 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Geomagnetic Storms

 Recently, a powerful G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storm triggered by intense solar activity illuminated the night skies with spectacular auroras visible across several continents. Such storms occur when disturbances from the Sun interact with Earth’s magnetic environment. What is a Geomagnetic Storm? A Geomagnetic Storm is a major disturbance in the Earth's Magnetosphere, the magnet
Prelims Facts 13 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

 The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) will commemorate its 80th anniversary on 23 January 2026. It is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, responsible for coordinating global efforts in economic, social, cultural, humanitarian, and development-related fields. About ECOSOC The United Nations Economic and Social Council was established in 1945 under the
Prelims Facts 13 Mar, 2026 GS-2 Important International Institutions

Parbati Giri

 Recently, the Prime Minister paid tribute to Parbati Giri on the occasion of her birth centenary, recognising her significant contribution to India’s freedom struggle and her lifelong service to society. About Parbati Giri Parbati Giri was a prominent freedom fighter and social worker from Odisha. She is popularly known as the “Mother Teresa of Western Odisha” and was a
Prelims Facts 13 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Indian Heritage & Culture

Soft Matter

 Soft matter is a sub-field of Condensed Matter Physics that studies materials which can be easily deformed by small external forces, thermal fluctuations, or environmental changes. These materials behave like solids at rest but can flow like liquids when stress is applied, making them extremely useful in everyday life and industrial applications. What is Soft Matter? Soft matter refers t
Prelims Facts 12 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

ICGS Sankalp

 Recently, Indian Coast Guard Ship Sankalp visited Port Louis as part of its overseas deployment in the Indian Ocean Region. Such deployments strengthen maritime cooperation, security coordination, and diplomatic ties between India and friendly nations in the region. About ICGS Sankalp ICGS Sankalp is an Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) of the Indian Coast Guard that was commissioned in 2008. It
Prelims Facts 12 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)

 Recently, an outbreak of Guillain‑Barré Syndrome (GBS) was reported in Neemuch district, with two deaths in Manasa. The disease is a rare but serious neurological disorder that can lead to muscle weakness and, in severe cases, paralysis. About Guillain-Barré Syndrome Guillain-Barré Syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mista
Prelims Facts 12 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Chang’e-6 Mission

 Lunar regolith brought back by China’s Chang’e-6 mission has revealed that the Moon formed from the remains of an ancient collision between an object and the Earth. About Chang’e-6 Mission Mission Type: It is the first human sampling and return mission from the far side of the Moon. Program: Part of China’s Chang’e lunar exploration program,
Prelims Facts 28 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Indian Bison (Gaur)

 Recently, the population of the Indian Bison in Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary has recorded a remarkable increase of 189 individuals within a year, taking the total population to 848. This sharp rise reflects effective conservation management and habitat protection efforts in the sanctuary. About Indian Bison (Gaur) The Indian Bison, scientifically known as Bos gaurus, is the largest speci
Prelims Facts 28 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Integrated Ombudsman Scheme, 2026

 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has unveiled the Reserve Bank – Integrated Ombudsman Scheme, 2026, aimed at enhancing efficiency and transparency in resolving customer complaints against banks and other regulated entities. About the Integrated Ombudsman Scheme, 2026 The Scheme is designed to improve grievance redressal mechanisms for customers of banks and financial instituti
Prelims Facts 28 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Mount Elbrus

 Recently, an artificially triggered avalanche was filmed cascading down Mount Elbrus, drawing attention to the geological and climatic conditions of Russia’s highest peak. About Mount Elbrus Location: Mount Elbrus is located in southwest Russia and forms part of the Caucasus Mountains. It is the highest point in Russia and in Europe, with an elevation of 5,642 meters
Prelims Facts 28 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Irrawaddy Dolphin

 The Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has launched the second nationwide range-wide estimation of riverine and estuarine dolphins under Project Dolphin. For the first time, this survey includes the Irrawaddy dolphin population in the Sundarbans and Odisha, marking an important step toward comprehensive conservation planning. About the Irrawaddy Dolphin
Prelims Facts 28 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Recently, researchers have developed a deep-learning tool named Disobind that can accurately predict how intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) attach to their binding partners. This advancement marks a significant step in understanding protein interactions that are crucial for cellular functioning and disease research. About Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Intrinsically disordered p
Prelims Facts 22 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Root Wilt Disease

Recently, phytoplasma-induced root wilt disease has destroyed large tracts of traditional coconut-growing areas in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. The spread of the disease has raised serious concerns about coconut productivity and farmer livelihoods in southern India. About Root Wilt Disease Root Wilt Disease is caused by phytoplasma, a type of bacteria-like microorganism, and is con
Prelims Facts 22 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Vitamin A

Recently, researchers have uncovered new ways in which a vitamin A-derived molecule can interfere with the immune system’s ability to fight cancer. This discovery highlights the complex role of vitamin A and its derivatives in regulating immune responses and influencing disease outcomes. About Vitamin A Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is primarily stored in the liver. It is
Prelims Facts 22 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Pufferfish

Recently, scientists confirmed India’s first documented case of pufferfish poisoning, raising serious concerns about food safety and public health in regions where fish consumption is common. The incident has drawn attention to the toxic nature of certain pufferfish species and the need for greater awareness. About Pufferfish Pufferfish belong to the order Tetraodontiformes, a grou
Prelims Facts 21 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Lake Natron

Recently, Lake Natron in Tanzania has drawn global attention for its striking blood-red appearance, a phenomenon caused by volcanic activity and extreme chemical conditions. About Lake Natron Location Lake Natron is located in the Arusha region of Northern Tanzania, close to the Kenyan border. It lies within the Gregory Rift, which forms the eastern branch of the East African Rift sys
Prelims Facts 21 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Voyager 1

Recently, Voyager 1 is expected to become the first human-made object to reach a distance of one light-day from Earth. A light-day is the distance that light travels in one day, which is nearly 26 billion kilometres. This milestone further strengthens its position as the most distant human-made object in space. About Voyager 1 Voyager 1 is a space probe launched in 1977 by the NASA. The
Prelims Facts 21 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Chatham Islands

Recently, a massive bloom of phytoplankton encircled the Chatham Islands during the austral summer. Phytoplankton are microscopic photosynthetic organisms that form the base of marine food chains. When their population increases rapidly, it creates a visible bloom detectable by satellites. Such blooms are often influenced by nutrient availability, ocean currents, and seasonal temperature ch
Prelims Facts 21 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

CSIR Integrated Skill Initiative

Recently, the CSIR Integrated Skill Initiative has trained more than 1.90 lakh individuals through over 5,200 skill-based training programmes conducted across the country. This milestone highlights the growing outreach and impact of the programme in strengthening India’s skill development ecosystem. About CSIR Integrated Skill Initiative The CSIR Integrated Skill Initiative is a flagsh
Prelims Facts 21 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

RBS-15 Missile

 Swedish defence company Saab AB has recently demonstrated the capabilities of the RBS-15 missile, highlighting its potential to destroy key components of the Russian S-400 Triumf air defence system. This demonstration underscores the missile’s precision-strike capability and its relevance in modern warfare, particularly against advanced air defence networks. About the RBS-15 Missile
Prelims Facts 20 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Havana Syndrome

 Havana Syndrome refers to a set of mental health and neurological symptoms experienced by some United States intelligence, diplomatic, and embassy personnel in various countries. Recently, the Pentagon is testing a covertly acquired device that emits pulsed radio waves, reopening discussions about the potential causes and mechanisms behind Havana Syndrome. About Havana Syndrome Hav
Prelims Facts 19 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Molecular Clouds

 Astronomers have recently studied the L328 molecular cloud, which is located approximately 700 light years away from Earth. The study aimed to map the magnetic fields at multiple scales, providing new insights into how magnetic forces influence the formation and evolution of stars within molecular clouds. About Molecular Clouds A molecular cloud is an interstellar cloud of gas and dust i
Prelims Facts 19 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Gharial

 The Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), a critically endangered fish-eating crocodile, has recently been surveyed across the Ganga River basin. Despite facing serious threats to its survival, the survey revealed a population of 3,037 gharials inhabiting 13 rivers, providing hope for the conservation of this unique species. About Gharial The gharial is a freshwater crocodile belonging to the
Prelims Facts 19 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

NPS Vatsalya Scheme

 The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) has recently issued the NPS Vatsalya Scheme Guidelines 2025. This scheme is designed to provide long-term financial security for minors and encourages early saving habits among children. About NPS Vatsalya Scheme The NPS Vatsalya Scheme is a contributory savings and pension plan exclusively for minors below 18 years of age. Th
Prelims Facts 19 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Henley Passport Index 2026

 The 2026 Henley Passport Index reflects significant shifts in global travel mobility, with Asian countries continuing to dominate the top ranks. The latest rankings highlight changing diplomatic alignments, global trust, and mobility trends. About the Henley Passport Index The Henley Passport Index is one of the most widely cited global passport rankings. It measures the strength of passport
Prelims Facts 18 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Economic Index

Miyawaki Method

 The Miyawaki Method is a revolutionary afforestation technique developed by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki in the 1970s. It is specifically designed to create dense, fast-growing forests in limited spaces, making it highly suitable for urban areas where green cover has declined over the decades. About the Miyawaki Method The technique involves planting trees and shrubs very close
Prelims Facts 18 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

White Dwarf

 Astronomers have recently observed a White dwarf producing a colorful shockwave as it moves rapidly through space. This shockwave forms when the white dwarf travels at high speed through the interstellar medium, compressing gas and dust in its path. The discovery has renewed interest in understanding the late stages of stellar evolution. What is a White Dwarf? A white dwarf is the dense stel
Prelims Facts 17 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Artemis II Mission

 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is preparing for the rollout of its powerful Space Launch System rocket for the Artemis II mission. The mission is expected to send humans around the Moon as early as the first week of February, marking a major milestone in lunar exploration. About Artemis II Mission Artemis II will be the first mission since 1972 to carry humans to th
Prelims Facts 17 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Urban Cooperative Banks

 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has proposed resuming the issuance of licenses for Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs) after nearly two decades. This move is expected to strengthen the cooperative banking sector and improve financial inclusion in urban and semi-urban areas. About Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs) Urban Cooperative Banks are primary cooperative banks located in urban and semi-urb
Prelims Facts 17 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Export Preparedness Index (EPI)

 The NITI Aayog has released the Export Preparedness Index (EPI) 2024, which assesses the export readiness of India’s States and Union Territories (UTs). This is the fourth edition of the index, with the first edition having been published in August 2020. About the Export Preparedness Index (EPI) 2024 The Export Preparedness Index is a comprehensive assessment tool designed to evalu
Prelims Facts 17 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Economic Index

Huntington’s Disease

 Huntington’s Disease (HD) has long been considered an incurable neurodegenerative disorder. However, recent scientific research has shown promising advancements, offering fresh hope for developing therapies that may slow down or modify the progression of the disease. What is Huntington’s Disease? Huntington’s disease is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative disorder in which
Prelims Facts 17 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Huntington’s Disease

 Huntington’s Disease (HD) has long been considered an incurable neurodegenerative disorder. However, recent scientific research has shown promising advancements, offering fresh hope for developing therapies that may slow down or modify the progression of the disease. What is Huntington’s Disease? Huntington’s disease is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative disorder in which
Prelims Facts 17 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Mustard Crop

 The mustard crop has recently shown increasing susceptibility to infestation by Orobanche aegyptiaca, a parasitic weed that significantly reduces crop productivity. The growing spread of this parasite has raised concerns regarding oilseed production and farmer income, especially in major mustard-growing regions. About Mustard Crop Mustard is an important Rabi season oilseed crop cultivat
Prelims Facts 16 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Major Crops Cropping Patterns in Various Parts of the Country

Indian Customs Electronic Gateway

 The Special Secretary of the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) recently inaugurated the ICEGATE–Land Port Management System (LPMS) at the Integrated Check Post (ICP), Agartala, Tripura. This step aims to strengthen digital customs processing, real-time data exchange, and trade facilitation at land borders. About Indian Customs Electronic Gateway (ICEGATE) The India
Prelims Facts 16 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Bannerghatta National Park

 The Central Empowered Committee (CEC) has recommended that the Ecologically Sensitive Zone (ESZ) around Bannerghatta National Park be restored to its original 2016 extent. The recommendation aims to strengthen environmental protection around the park amid concerns over urban expansion and ecological pressure from Bengaluru. About Bannerghatta National Park Bannerghatta National Park (BNP
Prelims Facts 16 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

PRAGATI

The PRAGATI platform recently marked a major milestone with the successful conduct of its 50th meeting. This highlights its continuing role in ensuring timely implementation of projects, effective grievance redressal, and high-level monitoring of government programmes. About PRAGATI Platform PRAGATI stands for Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation. It is an integrated and inter
Prelims Facts 16 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Menkes Disease

 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has recently approved Zycubo (copper histidinate) as the first treatment for Menkes disease in pediatric patients. This marks a significant breakthrough in the management of this rare and life-threatening genetic disorder. About Menkes Disease Menkes disease is a rare genetic disorder that affects the body’s ability to absorb, transport, and regula
Prelims Facts 16 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Zanskar River

 The much-awaited Chadar Trek on the frozen Zanskar River has been deferred due to inadequate ice formation this winter. The trek depends on the river freezing into a thick sheet of ice, and insufficient freezing has made the route unsafe for trekkers. About Zanskar River The Zanskar River is a major left-bank tributary of the Indus River and flows entirely within the Union Territory of L
Prelims Facts 16 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Graphene

Recently, researchers developed a flexible graphene-based capacitive sensor fabricated on a paper substrate using pencil-drawn interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). About Graphene Graphene is an allotrope of carbon, similar to diamond and graphite. It is a two-dimensional material consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice structure. The stac
Prelims Facts 15 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Bhadrakali Inscription

The Bhadrakali Inscription is an important 12th-century epigraphic record that confirms the historical development of the Somnath Temple and highlights the patronage extended by the Solanki dynasty. About the Bhadrakali Inscription The inscription is located at Prabhas Patan in Gujarat, specifically engraved on the wall of the Bhadrakali Temple. It was carved in 1169 CE, corresponding
Prelims Facts 15 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Ancient History

National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories Limited

 Recently, the National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories Limited sought government intervention due to falling sugar prices, which have adversely affected cooperative sugar mills across the country. About National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories Limited (NFCSF) The National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories Limited (NFCSF) was established in 1960 with the object
Prelims Facts 15 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

National Environmental Standard Laboratory (NESL)

 The CSIR–National Physical Laboratory has recently established the National Environmental Standard Laboratory (NESL) to strengthen India’s environmental monitoring and standardisation framework. This initiative aims to enhance the accuracy, reliability, and credibility of air pollution and environmental data in the country. About National Environmental Standard Laboratory (NESL)
Prelims Facts 15 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Shaksgam Valley

 China has recently rejected India’s territorial claim over the Shaksgam Valley, asserting that the region forms part of Chinese territory.India maintains that the area is part of the larger Jammu & Kashmir region, and therefore an integral part of India. The renewed statements have brought the strategically sensitive region back into focus. About Shaksgam Valley The Shaksgam Va
Prelims Facts 15 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Osteoarthritis

 Recently, scientists at Stanford University identified a key protein called 15-PGDH, which is linked to cartilage loss during aging. This discovery is considered a major breakthrough, as it may lead to new therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis, particularly in elderly populations. About Osteoarthritis Arthritis is a broad term that refers to inflammation of the joints. Osteoart
Prelims Facts 14 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Charophytes

 Recent research conducted across 27 test lakes in northeastern Germany has revealed a significant increase in the abundance of charophytes. This finding is important because charophytes are considered key indicators of healthy freshwater ecosystems, particularly in lakes. About Charophytes Charophytes are a type of green algae that are regarded as the closest living relatives of land
Prelims Facts 14 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Hatti Tribe

Recently, “Boda Tyohar”, the biggest annual festival of the Hatti tribe in Himachal Pradesh’s Sirmaur district, commenced with traditional fervour. The festival is celebrated by over three lakh members of the community and reflects their rich cultural heritage and social unity. About the Hatti Tribe The Hattis are a close-knit tribal community who derive their name f
Prelims Facts 14 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

Context Window in AI

 In the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly in relation to Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-5 and Claude, the concept of a context window has gained significant attention. The context window refers to the maximum amount of text a model can consider at one time while generating a response. It determines how much information the model can “remember” during a
Prelims Facts 14 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Central Ground Water Board

 The Central Ground Water Board recently published its Annual Ground Water Quality Report – 2025, which revealed that Andhra Pradesh is among the states facing widespread groundwater contamination as per the standards prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). This finding highlights serious concerns regarding drinking water safety, public health, and sustainable groundwater m
Prelims Facts 14 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Indian Giant Squirrel

During the ongoing All India Tiger Estimation 2026 survey, the Indian Giant Squirrel, Maharashtra’s state animal, was recently sighted in the Atwan region of the Pune Forest Division. Locally known as Shekru, its sighting highlights the biodiversity richness of the region. About the Indian Giant Squirrel The Indian giant squirrel, also known as the Malabar Giant Squirrel, is a larg
Prelims Facts 13 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)

Recently, the Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy delivered India’s national statement at the 16th Assembly of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. This reflects India’s active participation in global renewable energy governance. About the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) The International Renewable Ener
Prelims Facts 13 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Pradhan Mantri–Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana

 Recently, the Union Ministry of Agriculture proposed merging three ongoing schemes with the flagship Pradhan Mantri-Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (PM-RKVY). This move aims to improve efficiency, streamline implementation, and enhance agricultural growth outcomes. About Pradhan Mantri–Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana The Pradhan Mantri–Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (PM-RKVY) i
Prelims Facts 13 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communication Technology

 The Government of India is preparing to roll out Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication technology by the end of 2026. This initiative is aimed at strengthening road safety, reducing accidents, and enhancing intelligent transportation systems in the country. About Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communication Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication is a direct wireless communication system that
Prelims Facts 12 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Narco-Coordination Centre (NCORD)

 Recently, the Union Home Minister chaired the 9th Apex-Level Meeting of the Narco-Coordination Centre (NCORD) at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. The meeting underscores the government’s continued focus on combating the growing drug menace in India through coordinated institutional mechanisms. About Narco-Coordination Centre (NCORD) The Narco-Coordination Centre (NCORD) was established in
Prelims Facts 12 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Phayre’s Leaf Monkey

 Recently, it was reported that rapid habitat destruction is forcing the arboreal Phayre’s leaf monkey to alter its natural behavioural patterns. This development raises concerns about the long-term survival of the species. About Phayre’s Leaf Monkey The Phayre’s leaf monkey (Trachypithecus phayrei) is a species of Old World monkey. It is both diurnal (active during the
Prelims Facts 12 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Exercise Sanjha Shakti

 The Indian Army recently conducted Exercise ‘Sanjha Shakti’, a joint Military–Civil Fusion (MCF) exercise, at the Dighi Hills Range (Diggi Range), Khadki Military Station. The exercise was organised under the aegis of the Maharashtra, Gujarat and Goa Area of the Southern Command. About Exercise Sanjha Shakti Exercise Sanjha Shakti is a joint Military–Civil Fusion
Prelims Facts 12 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Internal Security

Boeing E-4B Nightwatch

 Amid heightened geopolitical tensions, the Boeing E-4B Nightwatch, widely known as the “Doomsday Plane,” made a rare public appearance in Los Angeles, drawing significant attention. The aircraft is one of the most secretive and strategically critical assets in the United States military. About Boeing E-4B Nightwatch The Boeing E-4B Nightwatch serves as the National Airborne O
Prelims Facts 12 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

PANKHUDI Portal

 Recently, the Ministry of Women and Child Development launched the PANKHUDI Portal to enhance collaboration and transparency in initiatives related to women and child development across India. About the PANKHUDI Portal The PANKHUDI Portal is an integrated digital platform developed by the Ministry of Women and Child Development. It has been designed to facilitate Corporate Social Respons
Prelims Facts 11 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Dal Lake

 Recently, parts of Dal Lake in Srinagar froze as the city recorded its coldest night of the winter. Temperatures plunged well below the freezing point across the Kashmir Valley, highlighting the region’s harsh winter conditions. Geographical Location Dal Lake is a mid-altitude urban freshwater lake located in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. It is surrounded by the Pir Panjal mountain
Prelims Facts 11 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Scramjet Engine

 Recently, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully conducted ground testing of a full-scale, actively cooled, long-duration Scramjet engine as part of India’s Hypersonic Missile Programme. This marks a major milestone in India’s indigenous hypersonic technology capabilities. What is a Scramjet Engine? A Scramjet (Supersonic Combustion Ramjet) is a
Prelims Facts 11 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Aerosols

A recent study has highlighted that water vapour contributes more to atmospheric heating than aerosols. However, aerosols continue to play a complex and significant role in influencing climate, air quality, and human health. About Aerosols Aerosols are fine solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere. They typically remain in the atmosphere for a few days to weeks before settli
Prelims Facts 11 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Kathputli

 In Jaipur, nearly 250 families continue to preserve and practice Kathputli, one of Rajasthan’s oldest and most vibrant folk art traditions. About Kathputli Kathputli is a traditional string puppet theatre originating from Rajasthan. It is regarded as one of the oldest folk art forms of the state. The term Kathputli is derived from two Hindi words: Kath meaning wood, an
Prelims Facts 11 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Indian Heritage & Culture

Grey Slender Loris

 Recently, the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu have initiated efforts to restore habitats and strengthen monitoring mechanisms for the conservation of the grey slender loris, a rare and threatened primate species found in southern India. About Grey Slender Loris The grey slender loris (Loris lydekkerianus) is a species of primate belonging to the family Loridae. It is classified as a pros
Prelims Facts 10 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS)

 The Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS) recently celebrated its 125th Foundation Day at its headquarters in Dhanbad, Jharkhand, marking over a century of regulatory oversight in mine safety in India. About Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS) The DGMS is the regulatory authority under the Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India, responsible for matters relatin
Prelims Facts 09 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Vera C. Rubin Observatory

 Scientists analyzing the first images released by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory have discovered the fastest-spinning asteroid ever observed in its size category. The newly identified asteroid has been named 2025 MN45. Location and Background of the Observatory The Vera C. Rubin Observatory is located atop Cerro Pachón in the Chilean Andes at an altitude of 8,684 feet above sea le
Prelims Facts 09 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Mayon Volcano

 A series of mild eruptions at Mayon Volcano, the most active volcano in the Philippines, has recently forced nearly 3,000 villagers to evacuate from areas near its foothills. Location and Geological Setting of Mayon Volcano Mayon Volcano is an active stratovolcano located in Albay province on Luzon Island in the Philippines. It lies within the Pacific Ring of Fire, a region known for fr
Prelims Facts 09 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

APEDA

 The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), an arm of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, has recently launched a new initiative to support agri-food and agri-tech startups. The initiative aims to promote innovation, encourage young entrepreneurs, and create new opportunities in agricultural exports. About APEDA APEDA is a statutory body establis
Prelims Facts 09 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Food Processing & Related Industries in India

UN DESA

 The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) has projected that India’s economy is expected to grow by 7.4 per cent in the current financial year. According to the report, this growth will be driven mainly by strong domestic consumption and increased public investment. About United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) The United Nati
Prelims Facts 09 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Important International Institutions

Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC)

 The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has recently enabled online ticket booking for more than 170 centrally protected monuments and museums through the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC). This initiative aims to expand digital access to cultural heritage sites and improve public convenience through open digital infrastructure. What is the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC)?
Prelims Facts 08 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Long Range Anti-Ship Missile (LRAShM)

 India’s indigenous Long Range Anti-Ship Missile (LRAShM) will be showcased at the Republic Day parade on January 26, underscoring India’s rapidly advancing maritime strike and deterrence capabilities and its progress in indigenous defence technology. What is the Long Range Anti-Ship Missile (LRAShM)? The Long Range Anti-Ship Missile (LRAShM) is a hypersonic glide missile deve
Prelims Facts 08 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Weimar Triangle

 India’s External Affairs Minister recently participated in India’s first-ever engagement with the Weimar Triangle, alongside counterparts from France and Poland and representatives from Germany. This marks an important step in India’s expanding engagement with European regional groupings. What is the Weimar Triangle? The Weimar Triangle is a regional political cooperati
Prelims Facts 08 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

M-STrIPES

 Forest staff participating in the tiger and wildlife census at Anamalai Tiger Reserve will use the Monitoring System for Tigers: Intensive Protection and Ecological Status (M-STrIPES) mobile application to enhance monitoring and data accuracy. About M-STrIPES M-STrIPES is a software-based monitoring system developed to assist in the protection, monitoring, and ecological assessment of ti
Prelims Facts 08 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Barak River

 The Senapati Forest Division has recently launched Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) exercises as a pilot initiative to rejuvenate the Barak River watershed, while simultaneously strengthening local livelihoods in the region. About the Barak River The Barak River is a major river of Northeast India, flowing through the states of Manipur, Mizoram, and Assam before entering Bangladesh. I
Prelims Facts 08 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Dust Experiment (DEX)

 Recently, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) confirmed through its first-ever Dust Experiment (DEX) that an interplanetary dust particle enters Earth’s atmosphere approximately every 1,000 seconds. This finding provides valuable insights into the continuous interaction between Earth and the surrounding interplanetary environment. What is the Dust Experiment (DEX)? The Du
Prelims Facts 07 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

National Quality Assurance Standards (NQAS)

 Recently, a total of 50,373 public health facilities across all States and Union Territories have been certified under the National Quality Assurance Standards (NQAS). This reflects significant progress in improving the quality of public healthcare delivery in India. What are National Quality Assurance Standards (NQAS)? The National Quality Assurance Standards are a comprehensive quality
Prelims Facts 07 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Bio-Bitumen

 Recently, the Union Minister of State for Science and Technology stated that India has entered an era of “Clean, Green Highways” following the successful technology transfer of “Bio-Bitumen via Pyrolysis: From Farm Residue to Roads.” This development highlights India’s progress towards sustainable infrastructure and reduced dependence on petroleum-based materials.
Prelims Facts 07 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sports Authority of India (SAI)

 The Sports Authority of India (SAI) recently launched a four-day Sports Sciences Workshop for combat sports coaches at its Sports Science Division in New Delhi. The initiative aims to strengthen the scientific and technical capabilities of coaches and enhance athlete performance through the application of sports science. About the Sports Authority of India (SAI) The Sports Authority of I
Prelims Facts 07 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve

 The Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve (TATR) has recently undertaken a sterilisation and vaccination programme to address the growing menace of stray dogs in and around the reserve. The initiative aims to reduce the risk of disease transmission to wildlife and minimise human–wildlife conflict in the region. Location of Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve is located
Prelims Facts 07 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Apparel Export Promotion Council (AEPC)

 A. Sakthivel has recently been appointed as the Chairman of the Apparel Export Promotion Council (AEPC), marking his fifth term at the helm of the organisation. His reappointment highlights continuity in leadership at a time when India is seeking to enhance its global apparel export competitiveness. About the Apparel Export Promotion Council (AEPC) The Apparel Export Promotion Council w
Prelims Facts 06 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

SHINE Scheme

 Recently, on the occasion of the 79th Foundation Day of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), Union Ministers launched the SHINE Scheme in New Delhi. The scheme reflects the government’s emphasis on women empowerment through quality awareness and standardisation. About the SHINE Scheme SHINE stands for Standards Help Inform & Nurture Empowered Women. It is a new initiative of
Prelims Facts 06 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Biomaterials

 As countries across the world aim to shift towards cleaner and more sustainable manufacturing processes, biomaterials are emerging as a new frontier in materials engineering. This transition is especially significant in sectors such as plastics and textiles, where conventional petroleum-based materials are being reconsidered due to their environmental impact. About Biomaterials Biomateri
Prelims Facts 06 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Mpemba Effect

 Recently, researchers from the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) have used supercomputers to develop the first-ever simulation of ice formation that conclusively proves the Mpemba effect in water. This breakthrough provides strong computational evidence for a phenomenon that has puzzled scientists for centuries. What is the Mpemba Effect? The Mpemba effect is
Prelims Facts 06 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Delhi’s Measures to Control Vehicular Pollution

 Amid deteriorating air quality, the Delhi government has tightened vehicular pollution controls to curb emissions from road transport. As part of these measures, private vehicles registered outside Delhi that do not comply with Bharat Stage (BS) VI emission norms have been barred from entering the Capital. In addition, vehicles without a valid Pollution Under Control Certificate (PUCC) are als
Prelims Facts 06 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Popocatépetl Volcano

 Recently, a team of scientists successfully obtained the first-ever 3D images from inside Mexico’s Popocatépetl volcano. This scientific breakthrough is expected to enhance understanding of the volcano’s internal structure and improve volcanic monitoring and hazard assessment. About Popocatépetl Volcano Popocatépetl, meaning “Smoking Mountain”
Prelims Facts 05 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

 Accumulating scientific evidence over the past two decades indicates that C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of low-grade inflammation, is a better predictor of heart disease risk than cholesterol levels. This finding highlights the growing importance of inflammation in understanding cardiovascular diseases. What is C-Reactive Protein (CRP)? C-reactive protein is a protein produced by
Prelims Facts 05 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Industrial Research and Development Promotion Program

 Recently, the Government of India announced relaxations for deep-tech startups to facilitate easier recognition under the Industrial Research and Development Promotion Program of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR). The decision aims to encourage innovation and strengthen the country’s research and development ecosystem. About the Industrial Research and Developmen
Prelims Facts 05 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Relating to Growth, Development & Employment

Socotra Island

 Recently, hundreds of tourists were stranded on Socotra Island after flights were grounded due to clashes on the Yemeni mainland. The incident has once again drawn attention to the island’s geopolitical sensitivity and strategic location. Location and Geographical Setting Socotra Island is located in the Indian Ocean, approximately 340 kilometres southeast of Yemen, to which it pol
Prelims Facts 05 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Taimoor Missile

 The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) has recently conducted a successful flight test of the indigenously developed Taimoor Weapon System, marking a significant development in Pakistan’s air-launched strike capabilities. About the Taimoor Missile The Taimoor missile is an air-launched cruise missile developed by Pakistan. It is designed to deliver high-precision strikes against both land an
Prelims Facts 04 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Double-Humped Bactrian Camel

 Ladakh’s double-humped Bactrian camels are set to make their debut at the 77th Republic Day Parade, highlighting the cultural and ecological significance of this rare species native to India’s high-altitude cold deserts. About the Double-Humped Bactrian Camel The double-humped Bactrian camel is scientifically known as Camelus bactrianus. These large, even-toed ungulates are
Prelims Facts 04 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Design Linked Incentive (DLI) Scheme

 The Design Linked Incentive (DLI) Scheme is a critical initiative aimed at anchoring India in the most strategic and value-intensive segment of the global semiconductor value chain—chip design. The scheme focuses on building India’s fabless semiconductor ecosystem, which emphasises design and intellectual property rather than manufacturing alone. About the Design Linked Incentive (
Prelims Facts 04 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Archaea

 A recent scientific study has revealed that a DNA sequence which normally acts as a stop signal for protein synthesis in almost all organisms behaves differently in some archaea. Instead of stopping protein production, this sequence codes for a rare amino acid in certain archaeal species. This discovery is significant because it challenges the concept of a universal genetic code and highlight
Prelims Facts 04 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

White-Bellied Heron

 Recently, an expert panel of the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) recommended granting environmental clearance (EC) to the Kalai-II Hydroelectric Project on the Lohit River in Arunachal Pradesh. The project site falls within a known habitat of the critically endangered White-bellied Heron, raising conservation concerns. About the White-Bellied Heron The
Prelims Facts 03 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Microlensing

 A recent scientific study has successfully used gravitational microlensing to determine the mass of a rogue planet, that is, a planet not orbiting any star. This highlights the importance of microlensing in detecting and studying otherwise invisible celestial objects. What is Microlensing? Microlensing is a phenomenon in which the light from a distant background star is bent and magnifie
Prelims Facts 03 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Thadou Tribe

 The public broadcaster Prasar Bharati has recently sought inputs from the Programme Head of All India Radio (AIR), Imphal, regarding the recruitment of staff to resume live radio broadcasts in the Thadou language and other major dialects of Manipur. This initiative aims to promote linguistic inclusion, preserve indigenous tribal languages, and strengthen cultural representation through public
Prelims Facts 03 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

RQ-170 Sentinel

 A rare U.S. Air Force RQ-170 “Sentinel” stealth surveillance drone was recently observed returning to Roosevelt Roads Naval Station in eastern Puerto Rico. This sighting occurred after the United States conducted overnight military strikes against targets in Venezuela. The movement of the drone suggests its role in intelligence and surveillance support during the operation. Abou
Prelims Facts 03 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Typhoid

 The city of Gandhinagar is currently witnessing a surge in typhoid cases, which has been linked to contaminated drinking water. This outbreak has exposed serious deficiencies in the city’s newly laid water supply system, particularly with respect to water quality monitoring and sanitation safeguards. About Typhoid Typhoid is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the bacterium
Prelims Facts 03 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Cellulitis

 An observational study on Cellulitis was recently published in the International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds. The study highlights clinical patterns, risk factors, and treatment approaches related to this common skin infection. What is Cellulitis? Cellulitis is a common bacterial skin infection that affects the deeper layers of the skin and the tissues beneath it. It is most common
Prelims Facts 02 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Skilling for AI Readiness (SOAR) Programme

 Recently, the President of India graced a special programme organised under the Skilling for AI Readiness (SOAR) initiative, highlighting the government’s focus on preparing India’s youth for an artificial intelligence–driven future. About the SOAR Programme The Skilling for AI Readiness (SOAR) Programme is an initiative of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepre
Prelims Facts 02 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Google’s Project Suncatcher

 Google has announced Project Suncatcher, a long-term research initiative aimed at testing solar-powered data centres in space. The first experimental satellite launches under the project are planned for 2027. What is Project Suncatcher? Project Suncatcher is an ambitious initiative by Google to develop space-based data centres by deploying small computing racks on satellites. As part of an i
Prelims Facts 02 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Eastern Imperial Eagle

 Wildlife enthusiasts have recently confirmed the presence of the Eastern Imperial Eagle in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve during the winter migratory season. This sighting highlights the importance of the reserve as a wintering ground for migratory birds of prey. About the Eastern Imperial Eagle The Eastern Imperial Eagle is a large bird of prey belonging to the family Accipitridae. Its sci
Prelims Facts 02 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Car Nicobar Island

 The Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) recently inaugurated a major runway upgrade at the Indian Air Force base on Car Nicobar Island, significantly enhancing India’s strategic and operational capabilities in the eastern Indian Ocean region. About Car Nicobar Island Car Nicobar Island is part of the Nicobar district of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory. It is the northernmo
Prelims Facts 02 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Copper

 Why in News Recently, copper prices reached a fresh all-time high in December, with the benchmark price on the London Metal Exchange (LME) crossing USD 12,000 per tonne. The surge reflects strong global demand, especially from clean energy, electric vehicles, and infrastructure sectors. About Copper Copper is a naturally occurring chemical element with the symbol Cu. It is one of the most
Prelims Facts 01 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

PathGennie

 Why in News Recently, the Ministry of Science and Technology developed a new open-source software called PathGennie. This software aims to accelerate drug discovery by improving the simulation of rare molecular events. About PathGennie PathGennie is a novel computational framework designed to track molecular unbinding pathways accurately and efficiently. It addresses a longstanding challe
Prelims Facts 01 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Oreshnik Missile

 Why in News Russia recently announced that its nuclear-capable Oreshnik missiles have entered active service in Belarus, a neighbouring ally bordering NATO members Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia. This move has significant implications for regional security and strategic deterrence in Europe. About the Oreshnik Missile The Oreshnik missile is a Russian-made, intermediate-range ballistic
Prelims Facts 01 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Nimesulide

The Government of India has prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of all oral formulations of Nimesulide containing more than 100 mg in immediate-release form, with immediate effect. This decision was taken by the Union Health Ministry based on recommendations from expert bodies, including the Drugs Technical Advisory Board (DTAB) and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
Prelims Facts 01 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Voice over WiFi

Recently, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) announced the nationwide rollout of Voice over WiFi (VoWiFi) services. This move aims to improve voice call connectivity, especially in areas with weak or unreliable mobile network coverage. About Voice over WiFi (VoWiFi) Voice over WiFi, also known as Wi-Fi Calling, is a technology that allows users to make and receive voice calls and messag
Prelims Facts 01 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

District Mineral Foundations (DMFs)

 Recently, the Allahabad High Court held that the formation of District Mineral Foundations (DMFs) is a beneficial legislation. The Court stated that DMF provisions must be interpreted liberally to ensure justice for people and areas that are negatively affected by mining operations. About District Mineral Foundations (DMFs) District Mineral Foundations are statutory bodies established by
Prelims Facts 01 Feb, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti

 Recently, the Supreme Court of India declined to grant an urgent hearing on a petition challenging the practice of state-sponsored ceremonial honours, specifically the offering of a ‘Chadar’ by the Prime Minister at the Dargah of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti in Ajmer. The matter has brought renewed attention to the historical and spiritual significance of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti.
Prelims Facts 31 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Medieval History

Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI)

 Recently, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved emergency financial assistance of USD 206 million to Sri Lanka under its Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI). The funding is intended to help the country meet urgent balance of payments needs arising from the devastating impact of Cyclone Ditwah. About the Rapid Financing Instrument The Rapid Financing Instrument is an IMF facility th
Prelims Facts 31 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Paliyar Tribe

 Recently, 17 families belonging to the Paliyar tribe in the Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu submitted a petition to the District Collector, requesting the district administration to recognise and develop their existing settlement as a formal village. About the Paliyar Tribe The Paliyar tribe is an indigenous tribal community primarily inhabiting the hilly regions of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, es
Prelims Facts 31 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

Bhima River

 Why in News Recently, the Karnataka government urged the Central Government to intervene in a dispute concerning excess utilization of Bhima River water by Maharashtra, highlighting inter-state water sharing concerns. About the Bhima River The Bhima River is a perennial river and the largest tributary of the Krishna River. It plays a crucial role in the water resources of peninsular India
Prelims Facts 31 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

GhostPairing

 Recently, the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) issued an advisory warning WhatsApp users about an active cyber threat campaign that uses a new attack technique known as GhostPairing. This method allows cybercriminals to take control of WhatsApp accounts without the user’s knowledge or authorization. What is GhostPairing? GhostPairing is a sophisticated WhatsApp account
Prelims Facts 30 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) Mission

 Recently, NASA lost contact with the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft, a Mars orbiter that has been operating successfully for over a decade. The mission has played a crucial role in understanding how Mars lost most of its atmosphere to space, transforming it from a potentially habitable planet into the cold and dry world observed today. What is the MAVEN Mission? Th
Prelims Facts 30 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE)

 Recently, the Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change stated that the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) will prepare a district-wise scientific report to identify which hills qualify as part of the Aravalli Range, strictly for the purpose of regulating mining activities. This move aims to bring clarity and scientific rigour to environmental decision-m
Prelims Facts 30 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Financial Fraud Risk Indicator (FRI)

 Recently, the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) announced that the Financial Fraud Risk Indicator (FRI) has helped prevent potential financial losses of nearly ₹660 crore across the banking and digital payments ecosystem within six months of its launch. The initiative strengthens India’s response to the rising threat of digital and telecom-enabled financial frauds. What is the
Prelims Facts 30 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Southern Ocean

 The Southern Ocean, also called the Antarctic Ocean, is the fourth-largest ocean by surface area. According to the International Hydrographic Organization, it is the southernmost portion of the World Ocean, surrounding Antarctica and connecting the southern parts of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. It includes tributary seas around the Antarctic region. Key Characteristics
Prelims Facts 29 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)

 The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is an international independent agency established in 1999 to lead global efforts for doping-free sport. Its primary goal is to harmonize anti-doping rules and policies across all sports and countries, ensuring fair play in international competitions. Headquarters Location: Montreal, Canada Roles and Functions Rule-making and Coo
Prelims Facts 29 Jan, 2026 GS-2 International Organization

Kuttanad Wetland Agricultural System

 Recent soil tests conducted in the Kuttanad paddy fields of Kerala have revealed elevated concentrations of aluminium. These fields form part of the Kuttanad Wetland Agricultural System, raising concerns about soil health, crop productivity, and long-term sustainability of this unique farming system. About the Kuttanad Wetland Agricultural System The Kuttanad Wetland Agricultural System
Prelims Facts 29 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Major Crops Cropping Patterns in Various Parts of the Country

Autophagy

 Recent research has identified a previously unknown regulator of the autophagy process, opening new possibilities for developing therapies for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, as well as cancer. This discovery highlights the growing importance of autophagy in understanding disease mechanisms. What is Autophagy? Autophagy is a fu
Prelims Facts 28 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Dark Eagle Hypersonic Missile System

 The United States Army and Navy have recently completed integrated testing of the Dark Eagle Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon (LRHW). This marks a significant milestone in the operationalisation of the US hypersonic weapons programme and enhances joint-service strike capabilities. About the Dark Eagle Hypersonic Missile System Dark Eagle is a hypersonic missile system developed for the
Prelims Facts 28 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Kavachi Volcano

 Scientists recently captured rare footage of sharks living inside the Kavachi volcano, located near the Solomon Islands. This discovery challenges previous assumptions about marine life surviving in extreme volcanic environments. About Kavachi Volcano The Kavachi Volcano is a shallow submarine volcano in the South Pacific Ocean, situated south of the remote Vangunu Island in the Solomon Isla
Prelims Facts 27 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Bharat Taxi Initiative

 The Government of India recently launched the Bharat Taxi initiative, a first-of-its-kind cooperative-driven national ride-hailing platform designed to empower drivers and enhance citizen-focused mobility services. About the Bharat Taxi Initiative The initiative is government-supported and developed under the Union Ministry of Cooperation in collaboration with the National e-Govern
Prelims Facts 27 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Ponduru Khadi

The Geographical Indications Registry has granted the Geographical Indication (GI) tag to Ponduru Khadi, a traditional handspun and handwoven cotton fabric from Andhra Pradesh. About Ponduru Khadi Origin: Ponduru village, Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh. Local Name: Patnulu. Material Used: Hill cotton, punasa cotton, or red cotton, all indigenous to the Srikakulam r
Prelims Facts 27 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Economic Geography

Competition Commission of India (CCI)

 Recently, the Competition Commission of India (CCI) has taken cognizance of information filed against IndiGo Airlines in connection with the recent flight disruptions in the aviation sector. The matter is being examined from the perspective of possible anti-competitive practices and consumer interest. About the Competition Commission of India The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is
Prelims Facts 27 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)

Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi extended his greetings to all personnel of the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) on the occasion of its Raising Day, appreciating their dedication and service to the nation. About Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) Background and Establishment The Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) was earlier known as the Special Service Bureau. It was established on 15 March 1963, follo
Prelims Facts 26 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Various Security Forces & Agencies & Their Mandate

Forced Narco Tests

The Supreme Court of India, in Amlesh Kumar v. State of Bihar (2025), set aside a 2025 Patna High Court order that had permitted a narco test. The Court categorically held that any forced or involuntary narco test is unconstitutional, reaffirming earlier constitutional safeguards. What is a Narco Test? A narco test is an investigative technique in which the accused is administered sedati
Prelims Facts 26 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Pax Silica Summit 2025

 At the inaugural Pax Silica Summit in 2025, India was excluded from the US-led Pax Silica initiative, sparking sharp political criticism domestically and in strategic circles. About the Pax Silica Initiative The Pax Silica Initiative is a strategic, US-led effort aimed at creating a secure, resilient, and innovation-driven silicon supply chain. Objectives Reduce China’s
Prelims Facts 26 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Hormuz Island

Recently, Hormuz Island in Iran drew global attention when a striking natural phenomenon transformed its coastline into a blood-red landscape, creating a surreal visual spectacle and sparking widespread discussion. Geographical Location Hormuz Island is a hilly island of Iran located in the Strait of Hormuz, between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. It lies about 8 kilometres off th
Prelims Facts 25 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)

Recently, the Ministry of Finance unveiled a new logo for Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) to project a single, unified brand identity across the country. This move aims to enhance visibility, trust, and recognition of RRBs as key institutions for rural financial inclusion. About Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) were established in India to promote financial inclusion i
Prelims Facts 25 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Antariksh Prayogshala

Recently, the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) issued a Request for Proposal (RfP) to establish Antariksh Prayogshala (Space Labs) in selected academic institutions across India. This marks a significant step towards strengthening India’s academic and research ecosystem in the space sector. About Antariksh Prayogshala (Space Labs) Antariksh Prayog
Prelims Facts 25 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Introduction to the Bureau of Port Security

The Bureau of Port Security (BoPS) is a newly proposed body in India designed to enhance the security of maritime vessels and port facilities. Recently, the Union Home Minister convened a meeting to formalize the constitution of this body, marking a significant step toward strengthening maritime security in the country. Legal and Administrative Framework Statutory Body: The BoPS
Prelims Facts 25 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Economic Geography

Kavach System

 The Union Railway Minister, in a written reply during the Winter Session of Parliament, informed the Lok Sabha that the indigenously developed Kavach system has been fully commissioned on more than 2,000 km of the Indian Rail network. The rollout of this safety system is progressing at a rapid pace across various railway zones. What is the Kavach System? Kavach is an indigenous Automatic
Prelims Facts 24 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (AHIDF)

In response to a question raised in the Rajya Sabha, the Minister of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying informed that loans amounting to ₹10,320 crore have been sanctioned under the Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (AHIDF) so far, indicating strong uptake of the scheme. About the Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (AHIDF) The Animal Husbandry Infrast
Prelims Facts 24 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Economics of Animal-Rearing

SabhaSaar Initiative

 Recently, the Union Minister informed the Rajya Sabha about the SabhaSaar initiative, an innovative digital tool introduced to improve the efficiency, transparency, and documentation of local governance meetings. About the SabhaSaar Initiative SabhaSaar is an AI-enabled voice-to-text meeting summarisation tool launched by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj. It has been made available to all
Prelims Facts 24 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Development Communication and Information Dissemination Scheme

Recently, the Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting informed the Lok Sabha about the Development Communication and Information Dissemination Scheme, a key initiative aimed at strengthening government outreach and public awareness. About the Development Communication and Information Dissemination Scheme The Development Communication and Information Dissemination Scheme is a C
Prelims Facts 24 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

National Council of Science Museums (NCSM)

Recently, the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM) received two prestigious PRSI National Awards 2025 from the Public Relations Society of India (PRSI), recognising its outstanding efforts in science communication and public outreach. About the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM) The National Council of Science Museums (NCSM) is an autonomous society functioning under the Mi
Prelims Facts 24 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Cultural Institution

Battle of Adwa

The Prime Minister of India recently laid a wreath at the Adwa Victory Monument in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. This gesture paid tribute to Ethiopia’s historic victory in the 1896 Battle of Adwa, a landmark event symbolising resistance against colonialism and the defence of national sovereignty. About the Battle of Adwa The Battle of Adwa was fought on 1 March 1896 near Adwa in present-day
Prelims Facts 23 Jan, 2026 GS-1 World History

Google’s Quantum Echoes

 Google has achieved a major breakthrough in quantum computing through its Quantum Echoes experiment, significantly improving our understanding of quantum information behaviour. Although the experiment does not involve breaking encryption, it has reignited global discussions on Q-Day, encryption security, and the urgent need for quantum-safe systems. Key Highlights Quantum Echoes is
Prelims Facts 23 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

ICGS Sarthak

The Indian Coast Guard Ship (ICGS) Sarthak), an Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV), recently made a port call at Chabahar, Iran. This visit reflects India’s expanding maritime diplomacy and its commitment to regional maritime security in the western Indian Ocean. About ICGS Sarthak ICGS Sarthak is a modern multi-mission Offshore Patrol Vessel built to carry out a wide range of coast guar
Prelims Facts 23 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

BharatNet Project

The Minister of State for Communications and Rural Development has informed the Lok Sabha that the BharatNet Project is being implemented in a phased manner to ensure broadband connectivity to all Gram Panchayats (GPs) across the country. About the BharatNet Project The BharatNet Project is an ambitious initiative of the Government of India aimed at providing high-speed broadband connect
Prelims Facts 23 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

INS Hansa

The Indian Navy has recently commissioned its second MH-60R helicopter squadron, INAS 335, also known as the ‘Ospreys’, at INS Hansa, located at Vasco da Gama, Goa. This induction marks a significant enhancement of India’s naval aviation and maritime combat capability, particularly along the western seaboard. About INS Hansa INS Hansa is a major Indian Naval Air Station
Prelims Facts 23 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Apache Attack Helicopter

 The Indian Army has recently received the final batch of three AH-64E Apache attack helicopters, completing its six-unit fleet. These helicopters are inducted into the 451 Army Aviation Squadron, which is based in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, significantly enhancing India’s attack helicopter and close air support capabilities. About the AH-64E Apache Attack Helicopter The AH-64E Apache, als
Prelims Facts 22 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Param Vir Chakra

 The Rashtrapati Bhavan has recently unveiled portraits of all 21 Param Vir Chakra (PVC) awardees. This exhibition replaces the previous display of 96 British Aide-de-Camps (ADCs). The move reflects a renewed focus on honoring the exceptional bravery and sacrifice of India's war heroes. About the Param Vir Chakra (PVC) The Param Vir Chakra is the highest military decoration awarded in
Prelims Facts 22 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Indian Heritage & Culture

Carbon-Based Filter

A recent field-based study has showcased an innovative approach to combat PFAS (Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances) contamination in groundwater. The study demonstrates that a specially engineered carbon material can be injected underground to trap and remove PFAS, offering a cost-effective and long-term remediation solution for polluted sites. This development could revolutionize the way we addr
Prelims Facts 22 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Altermagnetism in RuO₂

Recently, Japanese researchers have experimentally confirmed Ruthenium Dioxide (RuO₂) as an altermagnet, establishing it as a third fundamental class of magnetism, distinct from ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. This breakthrough resolves long-standing experimental and theoretical inconsistencies and marks a major advance in condensed matter physics. What is Altermagnetism? Alterm
Prelims Facts 22 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

National Digital Livestock Mission (NDLM)

 Recently, the Minister of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying informed the Lok Sabha about the progress and implementation of the National Digital Livestock Mission (NDLM), a key initiative aimed at digitally transforming India’s livestock sector. About National Digital Livestock Mission The National Digital Livestock Mission was launched by the Department of Animal Husbandry
Prelims Facts 21 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Economics of Animal-Rearing

India’s First Indigenous Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vessel

 The Union Minister for Ports, Shipping and Waterways recently flagged off India’s first indigenously developed hydrogen fuel-cell vessel in Varanasi, marking a major milestone in the country’s transition towards clean and sustainable inland water transport. Technical and Design Features The vessel has been entirely designed and built in India by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL)
Prelims Facts 21 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Economic Geography

DHRUV64

 Recently, India unveiled its first fully indigenously developed microprocessor, DHRUV64, marking a major milestone in the country’s journey towards self-reliance in semiconductor and computing technologies. About DHRUV64 DHRUV64 is a fully indigenous microprocessor developed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) under the Microprocessor Development Programme (
Prelims Facts 21 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Natyashastra

 The Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) recently organised an academic programme titled “Natyashastra – Synthesis of Theory and Praxis” at the Red Fort, Delhi, during the 20th Session of UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The programme highlighted the timeless relevance of the Natyashastra in India&r
Prelims Facts 21 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Indian Heritage & Culture

Nitrofurans

 Recently, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) launched a nationwide egg safety drive after the detection of nitrofurans residues in eggs triggered public concern. The move aims to strengthen food safety and consumer protection. About Nitrofurans Nitrofurans are synthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotics. The nitrofuran class consists of four main parent compounds: furazol
Prelims Facts 21 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

 A recent study conducted across seven antenatal clinics involving more than 3,000 pregnant women has revealed that early Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) affects nearly one in five pregnant women. This finding highlights the rising burden of metabolic disorders during pregnancy. About Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a condition characterized by glu
Prelims Facts 20 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Artemisinin

 A recent study has warned that regions with heavy artemisinin usage and favourable environmental conditions could emerge as new hotspots for artemisinin resistance. The study also highlights that in some parts of Africa, the frequency of resistance markers is gradually increasing, which could threaten the effectiveness of malaria treatment in the future. Background and Discovery Artemisi
Prelims Facts 20 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Project Mausam

 The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) recently organised a National Workshop on Project Mausam titled “Islands at the Crossroads of Maritime Networks within the Indian Ocean Region.” The workshop highlighted the importance of documenting maritime heritage and cultural, commercial, and religious interactions among countries in the Indian Ocean. About Project Mausam Project
Prelims Facts 20 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Hybrid Mutual Funds

 Hybrid mutual funds are investment schemes that invest in more than one asset class, mainly equity (stocks) and debt (bonds), and in some cases gold, REITs and InvITs. Their main objective is to provide a balanced combination of growth and stability by diversifying investments across different assets. These funds are also known as asset allocation funds because they follow a pre-decided or fle
Prelims Facts 20 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Ekam AI and SAMBHAV

 Recently, the Indian Army showcased a range of indigenous technologies, including Ekam AI and the SAMBHAV project, during the Vijay Diwas celebrations. These initiatives highlight India’s growing focus on self-reliance, secure digital systems, and defence innovation. About Ekam AI Ekam AI is a fully indigenous and secure artificial intelligence platform developed specifically for u
Prelims Facts 20 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Gulf of Oman

Recently, Iran seized an oil tanker in the Gulf of Oman, according to Iranian media reports. The tanker had 18 crew members, including nationals from India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh, highlighting renewed security concerns in a critical global energy corridor. About the Gulf of Oman The Gulf of Oman, also known as the Gulf of Makran, is the north-western arm of the Arabian Sea. It form
Prelims Facts 19 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Dieback Disease

 The withering and death of thousands of neem trees over the past few years has prompted the Mulugu-based Forest College & Research Institute (FCRI) to initiate a comprehensive scientific investigation into the spread of dieback disease, which poses a serious threat to forest health and biodiversity. About Dieback Disease Nature of the Disease Dieback disease is a fungal disease th
Prelims Facts 19 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Ramappa Temple

Recently, the Ambassador and Permanent Representative of India to UNESCO, Paris, visited the Ramappa Temple to review the preservation and conservation efforts being undertaken by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in coordination with the Telangana State Government. The visit highlights India’s commitment to maintaining its UNESCO World Heritage Sites. About Ramappa Temple L
Prelims Facts 19 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Centralised Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS)

 India's CPGRAMS has achieved a 74% reduction in public grievance pendency since 2021. This reflects the government’s enhanced focus on efficient grievance redressal and timely resolution of citizen complaints. About CPGRAMS Purpose: CPGRAMS is an online 24×7 platform that allows citizens to lodge grievances related to service delivery with central and state governm
Prelims Facts 19 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

BlueBird-6 Satellite

 The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is scheduled to launch the BlueBird-6 satellite, developed by the US-based commercial company AST SpaceMobile, on 21st December 2025. The launch will be carried out using ISRO’s LVM-3 (GSLV Mk III) rocket, marking a significant milestone in Indo-US commercial space cooperation. About BlueBird-6 Satellite The BlueBird-6 satellite is desi
Prelims Facts 18 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

BlueBird-6 Satellite

 The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is scheduled to launch the BlueBird-6 satellite, developed by the US-based commercial company AST SpaceMobile, on 21st December 2025. The launch will be carried out using ISRO’s LVM-3 (GSLV Mk III) rocket, marking a significant milestone in Indo-US commercial space cooperation. About BlueBird-6 Satellite The BlueBird-6 satellite is desi
Prelims Facts 18 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Man-Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS)

 The Indian Army is undertaking a major strategic shift in its air defence posture by repurposing Man-Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS) to counter the emerging threat of sub-sonic cruise missiles. This move reflects the evolving nature of aerial threats and the need for layered and flexible air defence capabilities. About Man-Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS) Man-Portable Air De
Prelims Facts 18 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar

 Recently, a commemorative postage stamp was released in honour of King Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II, also known as Suvaran Maran, by the Vice President of India. The release acknowledges his contributions to early medieval South Indian history. About Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar ruled from 705 AD to 745 AD and belonged to the Mutharaiyar lineage. He was also known by the
Prelims Facts 18 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Ancient History

Hanukkah Festival

 Jews around the world will celebrate the Hanukkah Festival beginning on 14 December 2025 and continuing until 22 December 2025. Recently, an attack targeting the Jewish community occurred in Sydney, Australia, while people were celebrating Hanukkah, highlighting concerns related to religious intolerance and communal violence. What is Hanukkah (Chanukah)? Hanukkah, also spelled Chanukah,
Prelims Facts 18 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Ponduru Khadi

 Recently, Ponduru Khadi has been granted the Geographical Indication (GI) tag by the Geographical Indications Registry under the Union Ministry of Commerce and Industry. This recognition provides legal protection to the product and highlights its cultural and economic significance. About Ponduru Khadi Ponduru Khadi is a renowned handspun and handwoven cotton fabric originating from Andhr
Prelims Facts 17 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Economic Geography

Red-Shanked Douc Monkey

 Recently, customs officials at the Kempegowda International Airport (KIA) arrested a passenger for smuggling two Red-shanked douc monkeys, highlighting concerns related to illegal wildlife trade. About Red-Shanked Douc Monkey The Red-shanked douc monkey (Pygathrix nemaeus) is an Old World monkey and is often referred to as the “Queen of Primates” due to its striking appearanc
Prelims Facts 17 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Dandami Madia Tribe

 Recently, members of the Dandami Madia tribe performed the traditional Bison Horn Maria dance during a village festival at Judiya Para in Jagdalpur, highlighting the rich cultural heritage of the tribe. About Dandami Madia Tribe The Dandami Madia tribe, also known as Dandami Maria, Bison Horn Maria, or Khalpati Maria, is a tribal community of Chhattisgarh. The tribe derives its name f
Prelims Facts 17 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

Ratle Hydroelectric Project

 Megha Engineering and Infrastructures Limited (MEIL), the construction contractor for the Ratle Hydroelectric Project, recently stated that it may withdraw from the project if the local administration fails to prevent threats and interference from local groups and political actors. The statement has raised concerns regarding the timely completion and security of strategic infrastructure projec
Prelims Facts 16 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Gonorrhoea

 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved two new oral medicines—Nuzolvence (zoliflodacin) and Blujepa (gepotidacin)—for the treatment of gonorrhoea, a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that has shown increasing resistance to existing antibiotics. This approval marks a significant advancement in addressing antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhoea. Abo
Prelims Facts 16 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Pax Silica Initiative

 The Congress party has recently criticised the Prime Minister over India’s exclusion from the United States–led strategic initiative called Pax Silica. The party linked this exclusion to what it described as a sharp downturn in India–US relations, particularly with US President Donald Trump. About the Pax Silica Initiative Pax Silica is a US-led strategic initiative aim
Prelims Facts 16 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Indian Diaspora

APAAR ID

 The Orissa High Court recently directed the State and Central education authorities to amend the consent form used for generating the Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry (APAAR) ID. The court ordered that the consent form must contain a clear and explicit opt-out option, ensuring that student participation in the APAAR system remains voluntary and informed. About APAAR ID The A
Prelims Facts 16 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Global Environment Outlook 2025

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) released the 7th edition of the Global Environment Outlook (GEO-7) in 2025 during the 7th session of UNEP held in Nairobi, Kenya. The report provides a comprehensive assessment of the state of the global environment, emerging risks, and pathways to sustainability. Key Highlights of the Global Environment Outlook 2025 Rising Greenhouse Gas E
Prelims Facts 16 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

 Recently, the Government of India highlighted the country’s pioneering achievements in rural transformation and development leadership at the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) – India Day event, which was held in Rome, Italy. The event showcased India’s experiences and best practices in agricultural development, poverty alleviation, and rural empowerment.
Prelims Facts 15 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Important International Institutions

Bar-Headed Goose

 In a first-of-its-kind study in eastern India, a Bar-Headed Goose fitted with a GSM-GPS transmitter has revealed its migration route and flying patterns. This research provides valuable insights into high-altitude migratory behavior, helping conservationists and scientists understand the species’ movement and ecology better. About Bar-Headed Goose The Bar-Headed Goose is a migrator
Prelims Facts 15 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Chenchu Tribe

 Recently, the National Sanskrit University (NSU) organised a symposium, panel discussion, and exhibition highlighting the unique and traditional privileges of the Chenchu tribal community in relation to the Ahobilam shrine and the deity Lord Narasimha. The event brought attention to the cultural, religious, and historical association of the Chenchus with important Hindu pilgrimage centres.
Prelims Facts 15 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) in India

 A recent report by the Indian Council of Medical Research–National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH) shows that infertile couples in India face a heavy financial burden. According to the report, a single IVF cycle costs over ₹1 lakh even in public hospitals. Globally, one assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle costs 166% of an average Indian&rs
Prelims Facts 15 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

New Ramsar Sites in India

 Recently, Siliserh Lake in Alwar, Rajasthan and Kopra Jalashay near Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh have been officially designated as Ramsar Sites, joining the list of wetlands of international importance under the Ramsar Convention. About Ramsar Sites Ramsar Sites are wetlands designated under the Ramsar Convention (1971) for their international ecological, hydrological, and biodiversity signif
Prelims Facts 15 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Uchi Pillaiyar Temple

 The Tamil Nadu government recently informed the Madurai Bench of the Madras High Court that the deepam (sacred lamp) was lit at the Uchi Pillaiyar Temple mandapam on Thirupparankundram Hill during Karthigai Deepam this year as well. The government stated that this practice has been continuously followed for over 150 years, highlighting its religious and cultural significance. About Uchi Pil
Prelims Facts 14 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

India’s Plan to Develop GIFT City as a Global Reinsurance Hub

 India’s plan to transform Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City) into a global reinsurance hub is progressing steadily. More than 10 international insurers have already established operations, and several others are in the pipeline. This development aims to reduce India’s dependence on overseas reinsurance markets and position the country as a major player in global fin
Prelims Facts 14 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Investment Models

Hard Corals

 A major new assessment by the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) has reported a dramatic decline in hard coral populations across the Caribbean region. The report highlights the increasing vulnerability of coral reef ecosystems due to climate change, coral diseases, and ecological imbalance. About Hard Corals Hard corals, also known as stony corals, are marine invertebrate anim
Prelims Facts 14 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Sujalam Bharat App

Recently, the Union Minister of Jal Shakti launched the Sujalam Bharat App to strengthen digital governance in rural drinking water management. About the Sujalam Bharat App The Sujalam Bharat App is a digital platform designed to improve the planning, monitoring, and management of rural drinking water infrastructure in India. It has been developed with technical support from the Bhaskar
Prelims Facts 14 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

National Film Heritage Mission (NFHM)

 In response to a question in the Lok Sabha, the Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting informed that 1,469 film titles, amounting to approximately 4.3 lakh minutes of films, have been digitized under the National Film Heritage Mission (NFHM) so far. About the National Film Heritage Mission The National Film Heritage Mission was launched in 2015 by the Ministry of Information
Prelims Facts 13 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Indian Heritage & Culture

Champions of the Earth Award

Ms. Supriya Sahu, the Additional Chief Secretary of the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Forests, Government of Tamil Nadu, has been awarded the UN Environment Programme’s (UNEP) Champions of the Earth Award 2025 for her leadership in environmental governance. About the Champions of the Earth Award The Champions of the Earth Award was instituted in 2005 by the United N
Prelims Facts 13 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Sanchar Mitra Scheme

 In a written reply to a question in the Lok Sabha, the Minister of State for Communications and Rural Development informed that 222 institutions are currently participating in the Sanchar Mitra Scheme. About the Scheme The Sanchar Mitra Scheme is a youth-oriented initiative launched by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) under the Ministry of Communications. The scheme aims to ut
Prelims Facts 13 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

PM Vishwakarma Scheme

 Recently, the National Steering Committee (NSC) of the PM Vishwakarma Scheme approved several proposals and policy measures to improve loan sanctions and disbursement mechanisms under the scheme. About the Scheme The PM Vishwakarma Scheme is a Central Sector Scheme launched by the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME). The scheme aims to strengthen the Guru–Shishy
Prelims Facts 13 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

RBI’s Repo Rate

 The Reserve Bank of India’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) has reduced the repo rate by 25 basis points to 5.25%, marking a cumulative cut of 125 basis points in 2025. The RBI described the current macroeconomic situation as a “Goldilocks phase”, characterised by low inflation and strong GDP growth. What is the ‘Goldilocks Phase’ in an Economy? A Goldilock
Prelims Facts 13 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Swasthya Portal

 In the Rajya Sabha, while replying to a starred question, the Minister of Tribal Affairs recently stated that there are no current plans to expand the Swasthya Portal to integrate national health databases, district-level dashboards, or AI-enabled analytics. About Swasthya Portal The Swasthya Portal is a one-stop digital platform that presents comprehensive information on the health and
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Deodar Tree

 Recent scientific studies on Deodar trees in the Sangla Valley of Himachal Pradesh have revealed valuable evidence of long-term climatic shifts. Tree-ring data indicate a transition from wetter spring conditions during pre-historic times to drier climatic conditions from around the year 1757 onwards, highlighting the role of Deodar trees in climate reconstruction. About the Deodar Tree T
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Invasive Alien Plant Species in India

 A recent Nature Sustainability study has highlighted that invasive alien plants are spreading across nearly 15,500 square kilometres of India’s natural areas every year. Over the last 60 years, these invasions have caused economic losses estimated at ₹8.3 lakh crore and pose serious threats to ecosystems, wildlife, agriculture, and rural livelihoods. What are Invasive Alien Plant Sp
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Goniopora Coral

 Scientists have recently reported that a combination of extreme heat stress and a rare outbreak of Black Band Disease has destroyed nearly 75 per cent of Goniopora coral colonies at a site on the Great Barrier Reef. About Goniopora Coral Goniopora, commonly known as flowerpot coral or daisy coral, is a type of hard coral belonging to the Poritidae family. It is known for its striking app
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Pallas’s Gull

 The rare migratory Pallas’s Gull was recently sighted at Udhwa Lake Bird Sanctuary in Jharkhand, marking its return after nearly a decade. This sighting highlights the ecological importance of the sanctuary along major migratory routes. About Pallas’s Gull Pallas’s Gull, also known as the Great Black-headed Gull, is a large gull species belonging to the Laridae family.
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Large Language Models (LLMs)

 Recently, a government working paper suggested that artificial intelligence–based Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, should by default have access to content that is freely available online. The paper further proposed that publishers should not be provided with an opt-out mechanism for such content, sparking debate around copyright, data usage, and AI governance. What are
Prelims Facts 11 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

NewSpace India Limited (NSIL)

 As on date, NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) has signed 70 Technology Transfer Agreements (TTAs) to facilitate the transfer of technologies developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to Indian industries. This reflects NSIL’s growing role in strengthening industry participation in India’s space sector. About NewSpace India Limited NewSpace India Limited was incor
Prelims Facts 11 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Your Money, Your Right’ Movement

 Recently, the Prime Minister of India called upon citizens to actively participate in the ‘Your Money, Your Right’ movement, urging them to reclaim their unclaimed financial assets and spread awareness about the initiative. About the ‘Your Money, Your Right’ Movement The ‘Your Money, Your Right’ movement was launched by the Central Government in Octobe
Prelims Facts 11 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency & Accountability

Deepavali: UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity

 Recently, Deepavali has been inscribed on UNESCO’s List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, recognising its cultural, social, and spiritual significance at the global level. About Deepavali Deepavali, also popularly known as Diwali, is the festival of lights celebrated across India and by Indian communities worldwide. The term ‘Deepavali’ is derived from tw
Prelims Facts 11 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

SAMPANN Portal

 The Controller General of Communication Accounts (CGCA) recently inaugurated the onboarding of all MTNL employees retiring in November 2025 onto the SAMPANN portal at the office of the Principal CCA, Delhi. This step aims to ensure timely and seamless pension processing for retiring employees. About SAMPANN Portal SAMPANN, which stands for System for Accounting and Management of Pension,
Prelims Facts 11 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

International Organization for Marine Aids to Navigation (IALA)

 Recently, the Union Minister for Ports, Shipping and Waterways virtually inaugurated the 3rd Session of the Council of the International Organization for Marine Aids to Navigation (IALA), which was held in Mumbai. The event highlights India’s active role in global maritime safety governance. About International Organization for Marine Aids to Navigation (IALA) The International Org
Prelims Facts 10 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Buxa Tiger Reserve

 Recently, a mega four-month wildlife survey has been launched across the Buxa Tiger Reserve. The survey aims to assess the status of wildlife populations, habitat conditions, and biodiversity health within the reserve, strengthening conservation and management efforts. Location and Geographical Setting Buxa Tiger Reserve is located in the Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal. Its northern
Prelims Facts 10 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

African Penguin

 Recently, a scientific study revealed that more than 60,000 African penguins died of starvation between 2004 and 2011 following the collapse of sardine stocks, which are a primary food source for the species. This finding highlights the severe impact of marine ecosystem changes on seabird populations. About African Penguin The African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) is a flightless marine
Prelims Facts 10 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Revised Flight Duty Time Limitation (FDTL) Rules

 The Revised Flight Duty Time Limitation (FDTL) Rules are safety regulations issued by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) to regulate the working hours and rest periods of pilots. These rules prescribe the maximum duration for which pilots can remain on duty, the number of hours they can fly, limits on night operations, and the minimum rest required between duties. The norms are d
Prelims Facts 10 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Integrated Main Parachute Airdrop Test (IMAT)

The Inand Gaganyaan Missiondian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully conducted the Integrated Main Parachute Airdrop Test (IMAT), marking a crucial milestone in preparations for India’s first human spaceflight mission, Gaganyaan, which is scheduled for Q1 2027. The successful test reinforces ISRO’s human-rating protocols and strengthens astronaut safety preparedness
Prelims Facts 09 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

AviSpray-10c

 AvironiX Drones, a Chennai-based deep-tech drone company, has recently announced the launch of AviSpray-10c, a next-generation agricultural spraying drone aimed at improving precision farming and reducing operational costs for Indian farmers. About AviSpray-10c The AviSpray-10c is a compact, backpack-sized agricultural spraying drone that is 53% smaller than most drones in the current ge
Prelims Facts 09 Jan, 2026 GS-3 E-Technology in the Aid of Farmers, Technology Missions

Solar Storm

 India’s first solar observatory, Aditya-L1, has played a crucial role in helping scientists understand the unusual behaviour of the strongest solar storm in over two decades, which struck Earth in May 2024, according to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). What is a Solar Storm? A solar storm is a sudden release of energy, charged particles, magnetic fields, and solar mat
Prelims Facts 09 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Blue Corner Notice

 The International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) has recently issued a Blue Corner Notice against the missing owners of a nightclub in Goa following a deadly fire incident. The notice was issued to assist Indian investigating agencies in locating the individuals and verifying their identities through international cooperation. Meaning of a Blue Corner Notice A Blue Corner Notice
Prelims Facts 09 Jan, 2026 GS-2 International Organization

National Mission on Edible Oils (NMEO)

 The National Mission on Edible Oils (NMEO) reflects India’s strong commitment to the vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat by aiming to transform the edible oil sector from a highly import-dependent system to a self-reliant one. The mission seeks to reduce India’s edible oil import bill while strengthening domestic production. About the National Mission on Edible Oils The National Mis
Prelims Facts 08 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Food Processing & Related Industries in India

C-130J Super Hercules

 A new defence Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) facility to support the C-130J Super Hercules aircraft will be established in Bengaluru. This facility will enhance self-reliance in defence aviation, reduce dependence on foreign support, and strengthen India’s maintenance ecosystem for strategic airlift platforms. About the C-130J Super Hercules The C-130J Super Hercules is a
Prelims Facts 08 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Masala Bonds

 The Enforcement Directorate (ED) has issued show-cause notices to senior political leaders in Kerala for the alleged violation of the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) and Reserve Bank of India (RBI) directions in connection with the issuance of Masala Bonds. This has brought renewed attention to the regulatory framework governing these instruments. What are Masala Bonds? Masala Bon
Prelims Facts 08 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Bluetongue Virus (BTV)

 More suspected cases of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) have recently been detected in Northern Ireland, raising concerns about the spread of this vector-borne animal disease affecting livestock. About Bluetongue Virus The Bluetongue Virus (BTV) is responsible for causing bluetongue disease (BT), a severe haemorrhagic disease of ruminant animals. It is an infectious but non-contagious disease, m
Prelims Facts 08 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW)

 A meteorologist has recently warned of a possible Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) event, which may result in below-average temperatures across parts of the United States later this month. Such events are known to trigger severe winter conditions in mid-latitude regions. What is Sudden Stratospheric Warming? Definition Sudden Stratospheric Warming refers to a rapid and abnormal incr
Prelims Facts 07 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

INS Gharial

 The Indian Navy has recently deployed INS Gharial, along with three other naval vessels, under Operation Sagar Bandhu to provide Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) to the cyclone-affected regions of Sri Lanka. This deployment reflects India’s commitment to regional cooperation and its role as a first responder in the Indian Ocean Region. About INS Gharial INS Gharia
Prelims Facts 07 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Security Challenges & their Management in Border Areas

India International Science Festival (IISF)

 The 11th edition of the India International Science Festival (IISF) is being held in Panchkula, Haryana. The festival serves as a major national platform to promote scientific temper, innovation, and public engagement with science. About India International Science Festival (IISF) The India International Science Festival was launched in 2015 with the objective of bringing together scient
Prelims Facts 07 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA)

 Recently, the Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA), in collaboration with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), organised a “Niveshak Shivir” in Jaipur, aimed at enhancing investor awareness and financial literacy. About Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority The Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA) was established in
Prelims Facts 06 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID)

 Recently, officials stated that the National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) is gradually becoming fully operational and is currently handling around 45,000 data access requests per month, indicating its increasing use by intelligence and law-enforcement agencies. About National Intelligence Grid The National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) is a secure and integrated intelligence-sharing platfor
Prelims Facts 06 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Various Security Forces & Agencies & Their Mandate

Hoolock Gibbon

Recently, a stranded family of Hoolock gibbons was successfully rescued in the Lower Dibang Valley district of Arunachal Pradesh by forest and wildlife officials, highlighting ongoing conservation efforts for India’s only ape species. About Hoolock Gibbon Hoolock gibbons belong to the family of gibbons, which are the smallest and fastest of all apes. They inhabit tropical and subt
Prelims Facts 06 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Border Roads Organisation (BRO)

 The Defence Minister recently dedicated 125 newly completed infrastructure projects of the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) to the nation. This event marked the highest number as well as the highest total value of BRO projects inaugurated in a single day, reflecting India’s accelerated push towards strengthening border infrastructure and strategic connectivity. About the Border Roads O
Prelims Facts 06 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Various Security Forces & Agencies & Their Mandate

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

 The family of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, the author and composer of “Vande Mataram”, recently appreciated the Prime Minister’s gesture to commemorate 150 years of India’s national song. The occasion highlighted Bankim Chandra’s enduring contribution to India’s freedom movement and cultural nationalism. About Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay Introduction
Prelims Facts 06 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Modern India

UMEED Portal

The Union Minister has stated that the government will not impose penalties or take strict action for the next three months against stakeholders who have not yet registered Waqf properties on the UMEED Portal. This temporary relaxation is intended to encourage voluntary compliance and smooth implementation of the portal. About the UMEED Portal The Unified Waqf Management, Empowerment, E
Prelims Facts 05 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Intergovernmental Committee for Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage

 India  host the 20th session of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) from 8 to 13 December 2025 in New Delhi. This highlights India’s growing role in global cultural governance and heritage preservation. Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH): UNESCO Definition According to UNESCO, Intangible Cultural Heritage includes
Prelims Facts 05 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Indian Heritage & Culture

Measles

Despite the availability of a highly effective vaccine, measles caused approximately 95,000 deaths globally in 2024, with the majority of deaths occurring among unvaccinated children under five years of age. This highlights persistent gaps in immunisation coverage and public health outreach, especially in developing regions. About Measles Measles is a highly contagious and serious airbo
Prelims Facts 05 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS)

Recently, ten blackbucks died in the Jamshedpur Zoological Park, Jharkhand, due to suspected Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, raising concerns about wildlife disease management and zoonotic surveillance. About Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) is also known as Pasteurellosis. It is a bacterial disease caused by specific serotypes of Pasteurella multocida.
Prelims Facts 05 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Shingles Disease

A recent scientific study has found that vaccination against shingles is associated with a reduced risk of death from dementia. The finding highlights the broader health benefits of preventive vaccination, especially among older adults. What is Shingles Disease? Shingles is a viral infection that causes a painful skin rash, often accompanied by blisters. It occurs due to the reactivation
Prelims Facts 04 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Technology Development Fund (TDF) Scheme

Recently, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) handed over seven indigenously developed technologies to the Indian Armed Forces. These technologies were developed under the Technology Development Fund (TDF) Scheme, highlighting India’s progress toward self-reliance in defence technology. About the Technology Development Fund (TDF) Scheme The Technology Developme
Prelims Facts 04 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Ramgarh Vishdhari Tiger Reserve (RVTR)

 In a significant conservation milestone, a tigress will be airlifted from the Pench Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh to the Ramgarh Vishdhari Tiger Reserve (RVTR) in Rajasthan. This marks Rajasthan’s first inter-state tiger translocation and India’s second such translocation, covering a distance of nearly 800 km. About Ramgarh Vishdhari Tiger Reserve Ramgarh Vishdhari Tiger Re
Prelims Facts 04 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (PMFME) Scheme

 The Ministry of Food Processing Industries has stated that the PMFME Scheme has steadily expanded its reach, with significant progress achieved across major components as of 31 October 2025. About PMFME Scheme The Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (PMFME) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme launched on 29 June 2020 by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries
Prelims Facts 04 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Food Processing & Related Industries in India

Exercise Harimau Shakti

The fifth edition of Exercise Harimau Shakti–2025 recently commenced at the Mahajan Field Firing Range in Rajasthan. The exercise marks another important step in strengthening defence cooperation between India and Malaysia. About Exercise Harimau Shakti Exercise Harimau Shakti is a joint military exercise conducted between India and Malaysia. The Indian contingent participating in
Prelims Facts 03 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

Open Market Operations (OMO)

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has recently announced that it will conduct Open Market Operation (OMO) purchases of government securities worth ₹1 trillion. In addition, the RBI will undertake a three-year dollar–rupee buy/sell swap of $5 billion. These measures are aimed at injecting durable liquidity into the financial system and supporting orderly financial market conditions. Wh
Prelims Facts 03 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)

Recently, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) granted IndiGo Airlines a temporary one-time exemption from certain Flight Duty Time Limitation (FDTL) norms applicable to pilots. This decision was taken to address operational requirements while maintaining overall aviation safety standards. About the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) The Directorate General of Civil
Prelims Facts 03 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Infrastructure Investment Trust (InvIT)

 Recently, the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) received in-principle approval from the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to launch ‘Raajmarg Infra Investment Trust (RIIT)’ as an Infrastructure Investment Trust (InvIT). This development is aimed at mobilising long-term capital for national highway infrastructure development. What is an Infrastructure Invest
Prelims Facts 03 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

INTERPOL Red Notice

 Recently, the Madhya Pradesh State Tiger Strike Force, in a coordinated operation with the Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB), successfully apprehended an international wildlife offender. The individual was wanted under an INTERPOL Red Notice, highlighting India’s active participation in global law enforcement against wildlife crimes. What is an INTERPOL Red Notice? An INTERPOL R
Prelims Facts 02 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Internal Security

Centre for Chronic Disease Control (CCDC)

 A recent study by the Centre for Chronic Disease Control (CCDC) has, for the first time, simultaneously estimated the daily salt and iodine consumption levels of adults in India. The study also examined the impact of World Health Organization (WHO) recommended salt intake levels on iodine consumption and adequacy in the population. Key Point: Balancing salt reduction with iodine sufficiency
Prelims Facts 02 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Digital Hub for Reference and Unique Virtual Address (DHRUVA)

 The Department of Posts has recently released a draft amendment to the Post Office Act, 2023 to introduce a new digital addressing framework known as the Digital Hub for Reference and Unique Virtual Address (DHRUVA). The initiative aims to create an interoperable, standardised, and user-centric digital addressing system for India. About Digital Hub for Reference and Unique Virtual Address (
Prelims Facts 02 Jan, 2026 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

AstroSat

 Recently, the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) marked the completion of ten years of successful operation of the UltraViolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard AstroSat. The milestone highlights the long-term scientific contribution of UVIT in ultraviolet astronomy. About AstroSat AstroSat is India’s first dedicated space observatory designed to study celestial objects across m
Prelims Facts 02 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Ebola Outbreak

 An Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo has officially ended after the country recorded 42 consecutive days without a new case, as confirmed by Congolese health authorities and the World Health Organization (WHO). About Ebola Ebola is a severe and often fatal viral disease caused by a group of viruses known as orthoebolaviruses (formerly called ebolaviruses). These viruses
Prelims Facts 01 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

ICGS Vigraha

 Recently, the Indian Coast Guard Ship (ICGS) Vigraha undertook an operational visit to Indonesia as part of its overseas deployment to ASEAN countries. This visit strengthens maritime cooperation and showcases India’s commitment to regional security and collaboration. About ICGS Vigraha The ICGS Vigraha is an Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) of the Indian Coast Guard. It was c
Prelims Facts 01 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Various Security Forces & Agencies & Their Mandate

World Soil Day 2025

World Soil Day 2025 emphasizes the urgent need to restore and protect soil health as urban areas expand and environmental threats increase. The observance highlights the critical role of soil in supporting ecosystems, agriculture, and human well-being. About World Soil Day World Soil Day (WSD) is observed annually on 5 December to raise awareness about the importance of healthy soils and
Prelims Facts 01 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Tensor Processing Units (TPUs)

 According to recent reports, Meta is in advanced talks with Google to use its Tensor Processing Units (TPUs). If finalized, this collaboration could significantly enhance Meta’s AI and machine learning capabilities. What is a Tensor Processing Unit? A Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) is a specialized chip designed to accelerate artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) tas
Prelims Facts 01 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana

 The Union Government has decided to expand the scope of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) by including crop damage caused by animals as an eligible ground for insurance payouts. This addresses a long-pending demand of farmers and strengthens income security in agriculture. About Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana was launched on 18 February 2016
Prelims Facts 30 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Different Types of Irrigation & Irrigation Systems Storage

Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) Act, 1959

 More than 1,500 academics have raised serious concerns and organised demonstrations in Kolkata to protest the Central Government’s proposal to repeal the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) Act, 1959. The move has triggered widespread debate over academic autonomy and the future governance of the Institute. Background of the Indian Statistical Institute The Indian Statistical Instit
Prelims Facts 30 Dec, 2025 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Dudhwa Tiger Reserve

 A Rainbow Water Snake was recently recorded for the first time in Uttar Pradesh, with photographic evidence obtained from the buffer area of the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve. This sighting highlights the rich and relatively under-documented herpetofaunal diversity of the Terai region. About Dudhwa Tiger Reserve Dudhwa Tiger Reserve is located along the Indo–Nepal border in Lakhimpur Kheri
Prelims Facts 30 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

INS Aridhaman

 The Chief of the Indian Navy recently announced that India will soon induct its third nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), INS Aridhaman, strengthening the country’s strategic deterrence capability. About INS Aridhaman INS Aridhaman is India’s third indigenously built nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine and the second submarine of the Arihant class. It
Prelims Facts 30 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Assam ST Classification

 Assam is witnessing widespread unrest after a Group of Ministers (GoM) proposed a new three-tier classification within Scheduled Tribes (STs) to grant ST status to six communities. While the proposal has addressed the long-standing demands of applicant groups, it has triggered strong opposition from existing tribal communities, leading to protests across the state. Recommendations of Assam
Prelims Facts 30 Dec, 2025 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

GLP-1 Drugs

 The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently issued global guidelines on the use of popular GLP-1 drugs for weight loss. About GLP-1 Drugs Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are synthetic drugs used primarily for the treatment of obesity in adults. These drugs are mainly injectables, although oral versions are under development. Leading examples includ
Prelims Facts 29 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Bonda Tribe

Members of the Bonda community in Odisha’s Malkangiri district are set to transition from fragile thatched huts to permanent pucca houses under the Union government’s PM-Janman scheme, aiming to improve living conditions for this particularly vulnerable tribal group. About the Bonda Tribe Location and Population The Bondas are exclusively found in the Malkangiri dist
Prelims Facts 29 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

Bitra Island

 The Chief of Staff of the Southern Naval Command recently stated that the Indian Navy is setting up a detachment on Bitra Island, and the project is nearly complete. About Bitra Island Location and Geography Bitra Island is situated in the northern region of Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea. It is the smallest inhabited island in the Lakshadweep territory, with a land area
Prelims Facts 29 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Colombo Security Conclave

The 7th National Security Adviser (NSA)-level meeting of the Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) was recently held in New Delhi, highlighting the growing importance of regional security cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region. About the Colombo Security Conclave The Colombo Security Conclave is a regional security framework comprising India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Mauritius, and Sey
Prelims Facts 28 Dec, 2025 GS-2 International Organization

Cold Wave

 The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecast that higher-than-normal cold wave days are likely to impact parts of central India, along with certain regions of northwest and northeast India. What is a Cold Wave? A cold wave is an extreme weather event characterised by unusually low temperatures in the near-surface atmosphere. It occurs due to a rapid fall in temperature within
Prelims Facts 28 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Physical Geography

Rock Eagle Owl

 Recently, the discovery of a Rock Eagle Owl nest led the Telangana Forest Department to halt quarrying operations for over a month. This action highlights the ecological importance of the species and the need to protect its natural habitat. About the Rock Eagle Owl The Rock Eagle Owl, scientifically named Bubo bengalensis, is also known as the Indian eagle-owl or Bengal eagle-owl. It is
Prelims Facts 27 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Pakistan–Afghanistan Border

 Recent clashes have resurfaced along the Pakistan–Afghanistan border, with the Taliban accusing Pakistan of air strikes near the Durand Line, highlighting longstanding tensions in the region. Historical Origin of the Durand Line The Durand Line was drawn in 1893 between British India and Afghanistan. Negotiated by Sir Henry Mortimer Durand, then Foreign Secretary of B
Prelims Facts 27 Dec, 2025 GS-2 India and its Neighborhood – Relations

National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research

 Recently, the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) celebrated its Silver Jubilee. To mark the occasion, commemorative postage stamps were also released, highlighting India’s contributions to polar and ocean research. About NCPOR Establishment: NCPOR was established as an autonomous Research and Development institution on 25th May 1998. Former Name: Pre
Prelims Facts 27 Dec, 2025 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Chambal River

 Recent efforts to reclaim degraded land from the Chambal ravines have raised serious concerns. Such interventions expose local communities and biodiversity to increased ecological risks, particularly soil erosion and flooding, due to the fragile nature of ravine landscapes. About the Chambal River The Chambal River, known as Charmanvati in ancient times, is one of the major tributaries o
Prelims Facts 27 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Fluoride

 Recently, a non-governmental organization (NGO) reported that excess fluoride in drinking water in several villages of Mayurbhanj district, Odisha, has resulted in widespread fluorosis among the local population. This incident highlights a serious public health concern arising from groundwater contamination. About Fluoride Fluoride is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine with the ch
Prelims Facts 25 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Hornbill Festival

 Recently, the 26th edition of Nagaland’s iconic Hornbill Festival commenced with great enthusiasm. The festival continues to serve as a major platform for showcasing the rich cultural heritage of Nagaland and strengthening cultural ties within and beyond the state. About the Hornbill Festival The Hornbill Festival was first organized in the year 2000 and is celebrated annually. It
Prelims Facts 25 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Chaolung Sukapha

 Recently, the Union Minister of Ports, Shipping and Waterways led the celebrations of Assam Day and paid rich tributes to Chaolung Sukapha, acknowledging his lasting contribution to the history and cultural identity of Assam. About Chaolung Sukapha Chaolung Sukapha was a visionary 13th-century ruler who founded the Ahom Kingdom in Assam. The Ahom dynasty ruled the region for nearly six c
Prelims Facts 25 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Indian Heritage & Culture

Masala Bonds

 The Enforcement Directorate (ED) has issued notices to the Kerala Chief Minister in connection with the KIIFB (Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund Board) Masala Bond investigation. This marks a significant escalation in the ongoing conflict between the LDF state government and central agencies over Kerala’s state financing model. About Masala Bonds Definition:
Prelims Facts 24 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Vande Mataram 150 Years Celebration

 The Prime Minister of India will inaugurate the year-long commemoration of 150 years of the National Song “Vande Mataram” in New Delhi. About Vande Mataram Authorship: “Vande Mataram” was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in a blend of Sanskrit and Bengali. Publication: It was first featured in his novel Anandamath in 1882, with the tune composed
Prelims Facts 24 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Indian Heritage & Culture

Sanchar Saathi

 The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has made it mandatory for all newly manufactured or imported mobile phones in India to come with the Sanchar Saathi app pre-installed. About Sanchar Saathi Sanchar Saathi is a security and awareness platform developed by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT). It is available both as a mobile app and a web portal. Purpose: The platf
Prelims Facts 24 Dec, 2025 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Venezuela

Recently, US President Donald Trump stated that his administration would “close the airspace above and surrounding Venezuela in its entirety.” This statement has renewed international attention on Venezuela’s geopolitical position. Location of Venezuela Venezuela is located on the northern coast of South America. It is bordered by Guyana to the east, Brazil to
Prelims Facts 22 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Norovirus

Recently, cases of norovirus, commonly known as the “winter vomiting disease,” have been increasing in the United States, particularly during the colder months. About Norovirus Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that causes inflammation of the stomach and intestines, a condition known as gastroenteritis. It is also referred to as the “stomach flu” or
Prelims Facts 22 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Khiamniungan Tribe

 The Khiamniungan tribe is one of the major Naga tribes, inhabiting regions across India and Myanmar. They are part of the broader Naga ethnic group and possess a distinct cultural and linguistic identity. Geographical Distribution The traditional homeland of the Khiamniungans lies in: Eastern Nagaland (India) North-western Myanmar This trans-border presence refl
Prelims Facts 21 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

Booth Level Officer (BLO)

Recently, several deaths of Booth Level Officers (BLOs) have been reported in states undergoing Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls. This has raised concerns about BLO welfare and working conditions during electoral processes. About Booth Level Officer A BLO is a grassroot-level representative of the Election Commission of India (ECI) who helps in
Prelims Facts 21 Dec, 2025 GS-2 Indian Constitution

Svalbard

 Recently, scientists observed an unexpected gathering of walruses on the remote shores of Svalbard, a Norwegian archipelago located in the Arctic Ocean between mainland Norway and the North Pole. This discovery highlights the significance of the region for Arctic wildlife and climate studies. About Svalbard Geography: Svalbard is situated approximately halfway between the North Pol
Prelims Facts 21 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

National Beekeeping and Honey Mission (NBHM)

 India’s honey sector is undergoing a major transformation through the National Beekeeping and Honey Mission (NBHM), which aims to expand scientific beekeeping across the country while strengthening its role in enhancing rural livelihoods and agricultural productivity. What is the National Beekeeping and Honey Mission? About the Scheme The National Beekeeping and Honey Mission (N
Prelims Facts 03 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Food Processing & Related Industries in India

Gogabeel Lake

Gogabeel Lake in the Katihar district of Bihar has recently been designated as a Ramsar Site, giving it the status of a wetland of international importance. This recognition further strengthens India’s global wetland conservation efforts. About Gogabeel Lake Location Gogabeel Lake is situated in the trans-Gangetic plains of Bihar. It is located in the Katihar district and forms
Prelims Facts 03 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

What is ATMIS and AUSSOM?

 What is ATMIS and AUSSOM? ATMIS (African Union Transition Mission in Somalia): ATMIS is a multidimensional mission (military, police, and civilian) authorized by the African Union and mandated by the United Nations Security Council. It replaces the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) and is tasked with implementing the Somali Transition Plan (STP). The STP is a roadmap developed by Som
Prelims Facts 02 Dec, 2025 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

Exercise Malabar

The Indian Naval Ship (INS) Sahyadri is currently at Guam in the Northern Pacific to participate in the multilateral Exercise Malabar-2025. About Exercise Malabar Exercise Malabar is a naval exercise that was initiated in 1992 as a bilateral exercise between the Indian Navy and the United States Navy. The first Malabar Exercise in the Bay of Bengal took place in 2007. In
Prelims Facts 02 Dec, 2025 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

Konark Sun Temple

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has recently prohibited tourists from entering the ‘Nata Mandap’ of the Konark Sun Temple in Puri district, Odisha. This decision has been taken to preserve the structural integrity of the historic monument. About Konark Sun Temple The Konark Sun Temple, also called the Surya Devalaya, is situated on the coastline of Odisha in Puri dis
Prelims Facts 02 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

The international community has convened in Belém, located in the Brazilian state of Pará, for the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the UNFCCC. The conference brings together global leaders, negotiators, and experts to advance climate action and review progress under the Paris Agreement. About the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Overv
Prelims Facts 01 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Financial Sector Assessment (FSA) Report

The latest Financial Sector Assessment (FSA) Report has stated that India is progressing steadily toward its vision of becoming a $30 trillion economy by 2047. The report highlights the increasing resilience and inclusiveness of India’s financial system. About the Financial Sector Assessment (FSA) Report The Financial Sector Assessment (FSA) Report is published by the World Bank. I
Prelims Facts 01 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Economic Index

Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC)

Recently, scientists from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), in collaboration with NASA, successfully estimated crucial parameters of a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) using data from the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC). The VELC is one of the key scientific payloads aboard Aditya-L1, India’s first dedicated solar mission. About the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VE
Prelims Facts 01 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

National Board for Wildlife

The Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) has recently recommended 13 defence and paramilitary projects, most of which are located in the high-altitude protected areas of Ladakh, with one project proposed in Arunachal Pradesh. These recommendations reflect the ongoing need to balance national security requirements with wildlife conservation concerns in ecologically sensi
Prelims Facts 01 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

International Arya Mahasammelan 2025

The Prime Minister recently addressed the International Arya Mahasammelan 2025 in New Delhi. The event marks two important milestones— the 150th foundation year of the Arya Samaj and the 200th birth anniversary of Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati. Organised as part of the Jyāna Jyoti Festival, the Mahasammelan celebrates Dayanand Saraswati’s reformist legacy and highlights “150
Prelims Facts 01 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Modern India

FSSAI Ban on Fake ‘ORS’ Drinks

 Following a campaign led by a Hyderabad-based paediatrician, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has prohibited food companies from using the term ‘Oral Rehydration Salts’ (ORS) on products that do not comply with WHO formulation standards. The recent order also revokes all previous permissions allowing brands to use ‘ORS’ with disclaimers. This
Prelims Facts 30 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Internationalising Higher Education in India

 Seventeen foreign universities, primarily from the UK and Australia, have received approval to set up campuses in India under the UGC’s 2023 regulations. This initiative aligns with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and comes amid growing demand for quality higher education within India. How India is Advancing Global Partnerships in Higher Education NEP 2020 Vision NEP 20
Prelims Facts 30 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Doctrine of Clean Slate

 The Doctrine of Clean Slate under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) has been reaffirmed by the Delhi High Court. The Court clarified that a successful resolution applicant—i.e., the new owner or buyer of an insolvent company—cannot be held liable for criminal offences or liabilities that arose from the corporate debtor’s past management. This principle reinforces
Prelims Facts 28 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Structure, Organization & Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary

Doctrine of Clean Slate

 The Doctrine of Clean Slate under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) has been reaffirmed by the Delhi High Court. The Court clarified that a successful resolution applicant—i.e., the new owner or buyer of an insolvent company—cannot be held liable for criminal offences or liabilities that arose from the corporate debtor’s past management. This principle reinforces
Prelims Facts 28 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Structure, Organization & Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary

Qualifications, Not Caste, Basis for Appointing Priests

 The Kerala High Court (HC) has ruled that the appointment of temple priests is a secular activity, and therefore subject to constitutional principles of equality and non-discrimination under Articles 14, 15, 25, and 26. The judgment dismissed a petition filed by the Akhila Kerala Thanthri Samajam and upheld the 2022 rules of the Travancore Devaswom Board (TDB), which require institutional training
Prelims Facts 23 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Structure, Organization & Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary

Regulation of India’s Pharmaceutical Sector

 Why in News The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently expressed concern over India’s drug safety regulations after at least 20 children died due to consuming contaminated cough syrups. The contaminated syrups identified were Coldrif (Sresan Pharmaceuticals), Respifresh (Rednex Pharmaceuticals), and ReLife (Shape Pharma). This tragedy highlighted critical gaps in regulatory enf
Prelims Facts 22 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

SC Allows Experienced Judicial Officers to be Appointed as District Judges

 SC Allows Experienced Judicial Officers to be Appointed as District Judges In the landmark case Rejanish KV vs K Deepa, a five-judge Supreme Court bench, led by Chief Justice of India B.R. Gavai, ruled that sitting subordinate judges with at least seven years of prior Bar experience are eligible to directly apply for District or Additional District Judge positions. This ruling overturned earlie
Prelims Facts 22 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Structure, Organization & Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary

INS Vikrant

 Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi celebrated Deepavali aboard INS Vikrant, India's first indigenously designed and manufactured aircraft carrier. During the occasion, he lauded the Indian Armed Forces for their unity and achievements, particularly highlighting their role in Operation Sindoor, a significant defense operation. About INS Vikrant INS Vikrant is a milestone for India
Prelims Facts 10 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Financial Action Task Force (FATF)

 The ongoing Financial Action Task Force (FATF) meetings in Paris are focused on deliberating the issue of state sponsorship of terrorism, particularly regarding how certain states may be involved in financing banned terrorist outfits and their proxies. The discussions are expected to highlight the financing of terrorism and the role of Pakistan in supporting such groups through state sponsorsh
Prelims Facts 10 Nov, 2025 GS-2 International Organization

Doctrine of Lis Pendens

Recently, the Delhi High Court has ruled that courts have the authority to exempt a property from the Doctrine of Lis Pendens in certain cases. This exemption is aimed at shielding genuine owners from vexatious lawsuits that could otherwise affect their property rights during the pendency of litigation. The court’s ruling highlights a significant aspect of property law, where it aims to
Prelims Facts 10 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Structure, Organization & Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary

National Means-cum-Merit Scholarship Scheme (NMMS)

 The National Means-cum-Merit Scholarship Scheme (NMMS) has been a significant initiative to support meritorious students from economically weaker sections, helping them continue their education at the secondary and senior secondary levels. About the National Means-cum-Merit Scholarship Scheme (NMMS): Launched: May 2008, as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme. Objective: To award
Prelims Facts 10 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Hyunmoo-5 missile

 The Hyunmoo-5 missile is a significant development in South Korea’s military capabilities, especially in terms of deterrence against North Korea. The missile is designed to enhance South Korea’s ability to respond to threats without relying on nuclear weapons, as part of its Korean Massive Punishment and Retaliation (KMPR) framework. About the Hyunmoo-5 Missile: Develop
Prelims Facts 10 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Sevilla Forum

 The Sevilla Forum on Debt was recently launched at the 16th United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD16) in Geneva as part of global efforts to address the challenges of sovereign debt and ensure debt sustainability for developing countries. This new initiative is expected to foster collaborative dialogue and action on sovereign debt reform. About the Sevilla Forum on Debt:
Prelims Facts 10 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Important International Institutions

Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025

 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025 has been awarded to Susumu Kitagawa (Japan), Richard Robson (Australia), and Omar Yaghi (US) for their pioneering work in the creation and development of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), a groundbreaking class of materials with immense potential across multiple industries. 1. Creation of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Richard Robson:
Prelims Facts 09 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

India and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) recently celebrated 80 years of partnership on World Food Day 2025. About the FAO The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in October 1945. It is the oldest permanent specialized agency of the UN and plays a crucial role in coordinating international e
Prelims Facts 09 Nov, 2025 GS-2 International Organization

Papikonda National Park

A recent study has documented 51 species of herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians) in Papikonda National Park. About Papikonda National Park Location: Papikonda National Park is located in the East Godavari and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is one of the most ecologically rich parks in the state, with a diverse array of flora and fauna. Establishment and Area:
Prelims Facts 09 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Striped Dolphin

A pod of striped dolphins, which are uncommon in Andhra Pradesh's waters, was recently spotted off the coast of Visakhapatnam. This rare sighting has drawn attention from both local and international marine biologists, as striped dolphins are typically found in more temperate and tropical oceans but are not frequently seen in the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh. About the Striped Dolphi
Prelims Facts 09 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Monoclonal Antibody

 A novel monoclonal antibody called MAM01, developed by US researchers, has shown promising results in providing strong protection against malaria in an early clinical trial. About MAM01 Monoclonal Antibody Purpose: MAM01 is specifically designed to prevent malaria infection by targeting a critical protein on the malaria parasite. The antibody targets the Plasmodium falciparum ci
Prelims Facts 09 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

First Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas Mk1A

 India's Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas Mk1A is set to join the fleet of the Indian Air Force (IAF), marking a significant milestone in India's indigenous fighter jet program. Developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), the Tejas Mk1A is an upgraded version of the Tejas Mk1, designed to improve its operational capabilities, survivability, and maintainability. About Tejas Mk1
Prelims Facts 09 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025

 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025 has been awarded to Susumu Kitagawa (Japan), Richard Robson (Australia), and Omar Yaghi (US) for their pioneering work in the creation and development of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), a groundbreaking class of materials with immense potential across multiple industries. 1. Creation of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Richard Robson:
Prelims Facts 08 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Papikonda National Park

A recent study has documented 51 species of herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians) in Papikonda National Park. About Papikonda National Park Location: Papikonda National Park is located in the East Godavari and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is one of the most ecologically rich parks in the state, with a diverse array of flora and fauna. Establishment and Area:
Prelims Facts 08 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Striped Dolphin

A pod of striped dolphins, which are uncommon in Andhra Pradesh's waters, was recently spotted off the coast of Visakhapatnam. This rare sighting has drawn attention from both local and international marine biologists, as striped dolphins are typically found in more temperate and tropical oceans but are not frequently seen in the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh. About the Striped Dolphi
Prelims Facts 08 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Monoclonal Antibody

 A novel monoclonal antibody called MAM01, developed by US researchers, has shown promising results in providing strong protection against malaria in an early clinical trial. About MAM01 Monoclonal Antibody Purpose: MAM01 is specifically designed to prevent malaria infection by targeting a critical protein on the malaria parasite. The antibody targets the Plasmodium falciparum ci
Prelims Facts 08 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

New Development Bank (NDB)

Pakistan has approached China, which it regards as an "iron friend," to assist in securing a membership for Pakistan in the New Development Bank (NDB). About New Development Bank (NDB) The New Development Bank (formerly known as the BRICS Development Bank) is a multilateral development bank founded by the BRICS countries—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
Prelims Facts 07 Nov, 2025 GS-2 International Organization

Tuvalu

The Government of Tuvalu has officially become the 90th State Member of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), marking a significant milestone in the country’s environmental efforts. About Tuvalu Tuvalu, formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a small island nation located in the west-central Pacific Ocean. It holds the distinction of being one of the smallest
Prelims Facts 07 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

International Maritime Organisation (IMO)

Recently, US President Donald Trump expressed his outrage over the International Maritime Organisation's (IMO) plan to vote on imposing a carbon emissions price on global shipping. He criticized the move, calling it a “Global Green New Scam Tax.” This has sparked a debate about the potential impacts of environmental regulations on the international shipping industry. About t
Prelims Facts 07 Nov, 2025 GS-2 International Organization

Chronic Wasting Disease

 The confirmation of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), also known as Zombie Deer Disease, in Florida has raised significant concerns among wildlife experts and health authorities. What is Zombie Deer Disease (CWD)? Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a progressive neurological disease that primarily affects deer, elk, moose, and reindeer. It impacts the brain and spinal cord, leading to
Prelims Facts 07 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Bathou religion

 The Bathou religion, a traditional faith system of the Bodo community in Assam, has recently been recognized with its own separate code in the upcoming census. About Bathou Religion: Origin: The Bathou religion is the traditional faith of the Bodo community, the largest plains tribe in Assam. It has a deep connection to the natural elements and emphasizes philosophical thought.
Prelims Facts 07 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Cultural Institution

We Rise Initiative

 The We Rise Initiative, recently launched by NITI Aayog's Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP) in collaboration with DP World, is a significant step in empowering women entrepreneurs in India. About the We Rise Initiative: Objective: The Women Entrepreneurs Reimagining Inclusive and Sustainable Enterprises (We Rise) initiative aims to scale businesses globally by empowering w
Prelims Facts 07 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

State Mining Readiness Index (SMRI) 2025

 The Ministry of Mines has recently released the State Mining Readiness Index (SMRI), a tool designed to assess and benchmark the performance of Indian states in the mining sector. The index aims to foster healthy competition among states, accelerate the pace of mining reforms, and promote sustainable resource management. The SMRI 2025 evaluates states based on key parameters related to auction
Prelims Facts 06 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Infrastructure

Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR)

Recent News: A tigress named Jhumri has played a significant role in reviving the tiger population in Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR), according to recent reports from forest officials. About Achanakmar Tiger Reserve Location: District: Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh It is part of the Achanakmar - Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, making it an essential ecological zone in central I
Prelims Facts 06 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Kolam Tribe

 The Kolam tribe, a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG), has a rich history and culture that is now being supported through projects like the recent pilot bamboo plantation initiative in Adilabad district, Telangana. This project aims to restore their traditional livelihoods and help them regain economic independence, especially through sustainable agricultural practices tied to their a
Prelims Facts 06 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA)

 The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is a fascinating and critical phenomenon in Earth's magnetic field that continues to attract attention due to its expanding nature and its potential impact on space-based technologies. What is the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA)? The SAA is a region of the Earth's magnetic field where the intensity of the magnetic field is weaker than normal. This an
Prelims Facts 06 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Physical Geography

Codex Committee on Spices and Culinary Herbs

 The Codex Committee on Spices and Culinary Herbs (CCSCH) recently held its 8th session (CCSCH8) successfully in Guwahati, India. This is an important development in the realm of international food standards related to spices and culinary herbs. What is the Codex Committee on Spices and Culinary Herbs (CCSCH)? Establishment: The committee was established in July 2013 by the Codex A
Prelims Facts 06 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

IN-RoKN Exercise

 The IN-RoKN Exercise is a significant step in strengthening the naval ties between India and South Korea. IN-RoKN Exercise Overview: Participants: Indian Navy (IN) and Republic of Korea Navy (RoKN). Location: The exercise is taking place in Busan Naval Harbour, South Korea. Date: The Indian Naval Ship (INS Sahyadri) arrived on 13 October 2025, marking the beginning
Prelims Facts 05 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

India and MERCOSUR

 India and Brazil have recently agreed to expand their existing trade agreement between India and the MERCOSUR bloc, marking a significant step in strengthening economic and trade relations between India and South America. About MERCOSUR Group The Southern Common Market, or MERCOSUR (from its Spanish acronym Mercado Común del Sur), is a regional economic organization in South Ameri
Prelims Facts 05 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

Swasth Nari, Sashakt Parivar Abhiyaan

 Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently launched the ‘Swasth Nari, Sashakt Parivar’ (SNSP) Abhiyaan in Dhar, Madhya Pradesh, aimed at strengthening healthcare services for women and children across India. The initiative focuses on improving access to healthcare, ensuring quality care, and raising awareness on health issues related to women and children. About the SNSP Abhiyaan
Prelims Facts 05 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Javari Temple

A headless Vishnu idol, measuring seven feet tall, at the Javari Temple in Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, has recently gained attention following a remark by the Chief Justice of India during a hearing on a petition seeking its restoration. About Javari Temple The Javari Temple is part of the Khajuraho Group of Monuments, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Madhya Pradesh, India. The tem
Prelims Facts 05 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Gulf of Kutch

 A recent report has highlighted the uncertain long-term survival of dugongs in the Gulf of Kutch and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, pointing to significant challenges for their conservation in these areas. The dugong, a marine herbivorous mammal, faces mounting threats to its habitat, primarily due to the degradation of its seagrass beds and other environmental pressures. About Gulf of Ku
Prelims Facts 05 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Mount Lewotobi

 Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki, located on Flores Island in eastern Indonesia, recently erupted, sending volcanic ash approximately 10 kilometers (about 6.21 miles) into the sky. About Mount Lewotobi Mount Lewotobi is a twin-peaked active volcano situated in the Ring of Fire, a major area in the Pacific Ocean where tectonic plates meet and volcanic activity is prevalent. This particular volca
Prelims Facts 05 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Gastroenteritis

A recent study has highlighted the positive effects of the indigenous rotavirus vaccine in India, showing significant reductions in rotavirus-based gastroenteritis across various sites in the country. This is particularly important as gastroenteritis is a leading cause of illness and death among children, and rotavirus is one of the primary viral causes. What is Gastroenteritis? Gastroen
Prelims Facts 05 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Akash Missile System

 India has recently pitched the Akash Missile System for export to Brazil, highlighting the growing global interest in India's indigenous defense technologies. The discussions took place during a meeting between India's Defence Minister and Brazilian Vice-President Geraldo Alckmin in New Delhi. This move aligns with India's efforts to expand its defense exports and strengthen strate
Prelims Facts 04 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Taftan Volcano

 Recent research has indicated that Taftan Volcano, located in southeastern Iran, might be awakening after being dormant for nearly 700,000 years. About Taftan Volcano: Location: Taftan is a semi-active stratovolcano located in the southeastern part of Iran, near the Pakistan border (approximately 56 km away). It is situated within the Makran continental volc
Prelims Facts 04 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Physical Geography

Gulf of Finland

 Recent Incident: Airspace Violation: Recently, three Russian MiG-31 fighter jets violated the airspace of NATO member Estonia over the Gulf of Finland. The jets remained in Estonian airspace for 12 minutes, raising concerns among NATO allies. MiG-31: The MiG-31 is a supersonic interceptor aircraft, primarily used by the Russian Air Force for air defense and long-range inte
Prelims Facts 04 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Henley Passport Index 2025

 India's passport has dropped to the 85th rank in the Henley Passport Index 2025, falling five places compared to the previous year.. About the Henley Passport Index: The Henley Passport Index is a globally recognized ranking system that measures the strength of passports based on the visa-free access their holders have to different countries. It is widely regarded as a key indicator
Prelims Facts 04 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Indian Diaspora

Blackbuck Reintroduction in Chhattisgarh

 The Chhattisgarh government has successfully reintroduced the blackbuck into the state’s forests as part of a five-year reintroduction plan. This initiative is part of broader conservation efforts to restore the natural habitat and population of the species. About Blackbuck: Scientific Name: Antilope cervicapra Native Regions: Blackbucks are native to India and Nepal.
Prelims Facts 04 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Naying Hydroelectric Project

 The Naying Hydroelectric Project in Arunachal Pradesh is a proposed 1,000 MW hydropower initiative on the Siyom (Yomgo) River, which has recently been in the news due to the upcoming environmental public hearing scheduled for November 12. About the Naying Hydroelectric Project: Location: The Naying Hydroelectric Project is planned on the Siyom River (also called Yomgo River) in
Prelims Facts 03 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Infrastructure

Crew Escape System (CES)

ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) has successfully developed a cost-effective, single-stage test vehicle powered by the Vikas engine. This vehicle will be used to validate the Crew Escape System (CES), a critical safety feature for astronaut missions. About the Crew Escape System (CES) The Crew Escape System is a vital emergency safety mechanism designed to protect astronauts in
Prelims Facts 03 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) remains one of the leading causes of infant mortality globally, and October is marked as SIDS Awareness Month to raise awareness about this tragic condition. What is Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)? SIDS is defined as the unexpected death of an infant under one year of age, for which no clear cause can be determined even after an investigation.
Prelims Facts 03 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Parkinson's Disease

 Recent studies suggest that certain movements, such as compulsively moving one’s legs, may be indicative of an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). What is Parkinson's Disease? Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement. It leads to the gradual breakdown of nerve cells (neurons) in specific parts of the
Prelims Facts 03 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Silent Valley National Park

In a recent odonate survey (focused on dragonflies and damselflies) conducted in Silent Valley National Park, six new species of these fascinating insects were discovered. About Silent Valley National Park Silent Valley National Park is a pristine stretch of wet evergreen forest located in the Nilgiri Hills of Kerala, South India. It is one of the last undisturbed tropical rainforests i
Prelims Facts 03 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

First Cooperative Multi-Feed Compressed Biogas (CBG)

Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation recently inaugurated India’s first cooperative multi-feed CBG plant in Kopargaon, Maharashtra Key Highlights of the CBG Plant Daily Production: The plant is set to produce 12 tons of Compressed Biogas (CBG) daily, along with 75 tons of potash derived from jaggery/molasses. This will contribute to reducing India's import of p
Prelims Facts 03 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Infrastructure

National Energy Conservation Awards (NECA) 2025

 The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) has recently announced the 35th National Energy Conservation Awards (NECA) 2025, inviting applications to recognize and honor outstanding contributions in energy efficiency and conservation across various sectors in India. About the National Energy Conservation Awards The National Energy Conservation Awards (NECA) is one of the most prestigious natio
Prelims Facts 03 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Infrastructure

National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI)

 The National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) is a prominent research institution in India, focusing on environmental science and engineering. It conducts research and develops innovative solutions for environmental management and pollution control. Key Details about NEERI: Establishment: NEERI was founded in 1958 in Nagpur as the Central Public Health Engineeri
Prelims Facts 03 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Madagascar

Recently, an elite military unit in Madagascar has taken control of the country after a national assembly vote led to the impeachment of President Andry Rajoelina. The military backing of youth-led anti-government street protests marked a dramatic shift in the nation's political landscape. This development follows a period of intense political turmoil and unrest within Madagascar. About
Prelims Facts 03 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Yellow-Crested Cockatoos

 The Yellow-crested cockatoos (Cacatua sulphurea) in Hong Kong are facing a growing challenge in terms of their natural nesting sites. Due to the combined threats of typhoons, tree trimming, and urban development, these birds are losing access to the natural habitats that they rely on for nesting. In response to this, conservationists in Hong Kong have stepped in by installing artificial nest b
Prelims Facts 03 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Steadfast Noon 2025

 Steadfast Noon is NATO's annual nuclear deterrence exercise, and for 2025, it will be hosted by the Netherlands. Key Details of Steadfast Noon 2025: Location and Hosts: The main site for the exercise will be Volkel Air Base in the Netherlands. Additional bases will be involved in the exercise, including those in Kleine Brogel (Belgium), Lakenheath (UK), a
Prelims Facts 02 Nov, 2025 GS-2 International Organization

Blue Flag Certification

 Five beaches in Maharashtra recently earned the prestigious Blue Flag certification, which is an internationally recognized eco-label for beaches, marinas, and sustainable tourism boats. About the Blue Flag Certification: What is Blue Flag? The Blue Flag certification is awarded by the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE) in Denmark. It is a globally recognized eco-label
Prelims Facts 02 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Gomti Rejuvenation Mission

 The Gomti Rejuvenation Mission launched by the Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister is a significant initiative aimed at restoring the health of the Gomti River. The mission has an ambitious target of intercepting 95 percent of urban sewage entering the river, which has faced significant pollution issues over the years. About the Gomti River: Geography and Course: Origin: The
Prelims Facts 02 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Exercise AUSTRAHIND 2025

 An Indian Army contingent of 120 personnel has recently departed for Irwin Barracks, Perth, Australia to participate in the fourth edition of Exercise AUSTRAHIND 2025. This annual exercise between India and Australia plays a crucial role in strengthening military ties and improving operational capabilities. Key Highlights of Exercise AUSTRAHIND 2025: Joint Military Exercise:
Prelims Facts 01 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

INS Rajali

 The Indian Navy's Eastern Naval Command recently hosted a two-day seminar on long-range maritime reconnaissance (LRMR) at INS Rajali, Arakkonam, in Tamil Nadu. This seminar highlighted India's growing maritime responsibilities and its advanced surveillance capabilities in the Indian Ocean region. About INS Rajali INS Rajali is a premier Naval Air Station located in Arakkonam, Tam
Prelims Facts 01 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Various Security Forces & Agencies & Their Mandate

Aflatoxin

 There has been a dispute regarding Indonesia's delayed notification of aflatoxins found in groundnut shipments from India. Exporters are raising concerns about the timing of this notification, which has led to trade tensions between the two countries. About Aflatoxins Aflatoxins are toxic chemicals (mycotoxins) produced by certain fungi, specifically from the Aspergillus species. The
Prelims Facts 01 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Indian Wolf

 The Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) has been evaluated separately by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for the first time, marking an important step towards understanding and conserving this unique subspecies. About the Indian Wolf Species: The Indian wolf is a subspecies of the Grey Wolf (Canis lupus) and is found primarily across the Indian subcontinent
Prelims Facts 01 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Armenia

 Recently, Armenia became the newest State Member of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), joining a global community committed to conserving nature and promoting sustainable development. About Armenia Geography and Location: Landlocked Country: Armenia is nestled in the southern part of the Caucasus Mountain Range. Bordering Countries: It shares bord
Prelims Facts 01 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Integrated Alert System (SACHET)

 At the ongoing G20 Ministerial Meeting in Durban, India highlighted its disaster risk reduction (DRR) efforts, with a key focus on SACHET, India's Integrated Alert System. The Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister emphasized India’s multi-agency approach integrating various meteorological, hydrological, seismic, and oceanographic institutions through a Common Alert Protocol (CAP)
Prelims Facts 01 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Disaster Management

Births and Deaths in India

 According to the Vital Statistics of India based on the Civil Registration System (CRS) report for 2023, the country recorded 2.52 crore births and 86.6 lakh deaths. Key Highlights of the Report: Number of Births: 2.52 crore births were registered in 2023, which is around 2.32 lakh fewer than in 2022. Number of Deaths: 86.6 lakh deaths were re
Prelims Facts 01 Nov, 2025 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Pradhan Mantri Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana

The Pradhan Mantri Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDDKY) is a major new initiative by the Indian government aimed at transforming the agricultural sector, especially in regions facing significant challenges. Key Points of PMDDKY: Launch and Budget: The scheme was launched recently alongside the Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses. Total outlay: ₹35,440 cror
Prelims Facts 31 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Issues Related to Direct & Indirect Farm Subsidies & Minimum Support Prices

Green Sea Turtle

 The Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) has recently seen a positive shift in its IUCN Red List status. Previously classified as Endangered, the species' status has improved to Least Concern due to sustained conservation efforts. Key Facts About the Green Sea Turtle: Largest Hard-Shelled Sea Turtle: The Green Sea Turtle holds the title of the largest hard-shelled sea turtle spe
Prelims Facts 31 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board

The recent move by the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) to invite stakeholder and consumer comments on an LPG interoperability framework is an innovative step in improving the convenience and accessibility of LPG refills for consumers. If implemented, this framework would allow households to draw LPG refills from distributors of other PSU oil companies, much like the concept
Prelims Facts 31 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Infrastructure

Wassenaar Arrangement

 The recent protests against Microsoft over allegations that its Azure cloud services were used to support Israeli military operations, and the concerns about the Wassenaar Arrangement’s export control framework, highlight the growing ethical, legal, and security challenges in regulating dual-use technologies. What is the Wassenaar Arrangement? The Wassenaar Arrangement (WA) is a multil
Prelims Facts 31 Oct, 2025 GS-2 International Organization

World Commission on Protected Areas

 The IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) plays a pivotal role in global conservation efforts. Recently, the Director of Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve received the Kenton R. Miller Award, highlighting the park's exemplary contribution to conservation and protected area management. About IUCN’s World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA): The WCPA is one of
Prelims Facts 31 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Payments Regulatory Board

The establishment of the Payments Regulatory Board (PRB) by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) marks a significant step in strengthening the governance and oversight of India’s payment systems. Composition of the PRB: Chair: The RBI Governor will chair the PRB, which aligns with the central role the RBI plays in regulating and supervising the country’s payment systems.
Prelims Facts 31 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Keratoconus

 A recent study has raised concerns regarding the treatment of keratoconus, revealing that, in some cases, the condition may worsen even after treatment. This has led to further exploration of its management, especially in the context of advanced therapeutic methods. What is Keratoconus? Keratoconus is a vision disorder in which the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of
Prelims Facts 30 Oct, 2025 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Kharasrota River:

 The tragic incident involving Soudamini Mahala, a 59-year-old woman who was killed by a saltwater crocodile in the Kharasrota River in Odisha, has brought attention to the growing concerns over wildlife-human conflicts in the region. About the Kharasrota River: Location: The Kharasrota River is situated in the state of Odisha, eastern India. It is a tributary of the Brahmani River
Prelims Facts 30 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Southern Right Whale

 The Southern Right Whale (scientific name Eubalaena australis) has recently shown concerning signs of reduced calf production, suggesting that climate change may be disrupting their reproduction. These whales, once heavily hunted for their valuable body parts, have made a notable recovery, but now they face new threats, including the ongoing impacts of environmental disruptions. About the S
Prelims Facts 30 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

 The AI for Good Summit at the India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2025 marks an important step in harnessing the power of artificial intelligence (AI) for global development and technological collaboration. The summit, hosted by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), is an excellent platform to discuss the evolving role of AI in shaping the futu
Prelims Facts 30 Oct, 2025 GS-2 International Organization

Tele MANAS

 On World Mental Health Day 2025, the Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare launched several new initiatives to further enhance the National Tele Mental Health Programme (Tele MANAS). This initiative has gained significant traction as an essential part of India's efforts to provide universal, equitable, and accessible mental health care across the country. What is Tele MANAS? Te
Prelims Facts 30 Oct, 2025 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

AIM-120 AMRAAM Missile

Pakistan may soon receive AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAM) from the United States following its first shipment of mineral samples to Washington as part of a rare earths deal. About AIM-120 AMRAAM Missile The AIM-120 AMRAAM (Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile) is one of the most widely used beyond-visual-range (BVR) air combat weapons in the world, offerin
Prelims Facts 29 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

AgriEnIcs Programme

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) recently announced the transfer of technology under the AgriEnIcs Programme. This marks a significant step in advancing technological integration in agriculture and environmental management in India, with the aim to enhance precision in these sectors. About the AgriEnIcs Programme The AgriEnIcs Programme is a national initiat
Prelims Facts 29 Oct, 2025 GS-3 E-Technology in the Aid of Farmers, Technology Missions

DRAVYA Portal

The DRAVYA portal has launched its first phase, aiming to catalogue information on 100 key medicinal substances used in Ayurveda and other AYUSH systems. About DRAVYA Portal The DRAVYA portal, which stands for Digitized Retrieval Application for Versatile Yardstick of AYUSH Substances, is a state-of-the-art platform aimed at consolidating vast information on Ayurvedic ingredients and me
Prelims Facts 29 Oct, 2025 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

SAKSHAM System

 The Indian Army has recently initiated the procurement of the SAKSHAM Counter-Unmanned Aerial System (CUAS) Grid System, marking a significant step toward enhancing airspace security and countering drone threats on the battlefield. About SAKSHAM System The SAKSHAM system stands for Situational Awareness for Kinetic Soft and Hard Kill Assets Management. It is an indigenously developed and
Prelims Facts 29 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Coco Islands

 Myanmar recently assured India that there is no Chinese presence at the Coco Islands in the Bay of Bengal, a matter of significant strategic interest for India due to the islands' proximity to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. About the Coco Islands The Coco Islands are a small group of islands located in the Bay of Bengal, near the strategic Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Here
Prelims Facts 29 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (STR)

The Madras High Court recently directed authorities to take appropriate action against all illegal resorts and tourist lodges functioning within the prohibited zone of the Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (STR). This decision aims to protect the reserve's wildlife and ecosystems from unregulated tourism and construction activities that could disturb the reserve's biodiversity. About Sat
Prelims Facts 29 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement

 The Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement (PMDA) is a significant arms control deal aimed at reducing the risk of nuclear proliferation and securing the disposal of excess weapons-grade plutonium, which both Russia and the United States accumulated during the Cold War. Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement (PMDA) Background and Purpose: The PMDA was signed in 2
Prelims Facts 28 Oct, 2025 GS-2 International Organization

Hydroelectric Project

The Subansiri Upper Hydroelectric Project has been a subject of intense debate and protest, especially following recent demonstrations in Daporijo, Arunachal Pradesh. Subansiri Upper Hydroelectric Project: Project Overview: Location: The project is planned on the Subansiri River in Arunachal Pradesh, which is part of the Brahmaputra River Basin. Installed Capacity: The
Prelims Facts 28 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Infrastructure

Damodar River

 The Damodar River has recently been in the news due to a dramatic rescue event, where a 65-year-old woman was swept away by its swollen waters but managed to be rescued nearly 45 km downstream in West Bengal. About the Damodar River: Geographical Overview: Location: The Damodar River flows through the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal in eastern India. Length: The riv
Prelims Facts 28 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Foreign Currency Settlement System (FCSS)

The Foreign Currency Settlement System (FCSS) has been launched by the Union Finance Minister at the International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) in Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City). About Foreign Currency Settlement System (FCSS) What is the FCSS? The Foreign Currency Settlement System (FCSS) aims to facilitate foreign currency transactions between IFSC Banking U
Prelims Facts 28 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Mera Hou Chongba Festival

The Mera Hou Chongba Festival was recently celebrated in Manipur, symbolizing the unity between the hills and valleys of the state. This festival holds immense cultural significance as it brings together various indigenous communities, reinforcing communal harmony and brotherhood in Manipur. About Mera Hou Chongba Festival When is it Celebrated? The Mera Hou Chongba festival is
Prelims Facts 28 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Crohn's Disease

 Recent studies have highlighted a concerning link between diets high in ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and worsening inflammation in the gut, which may increase the likelihood of Crohn's disease flare-ups. About Crohn's Disease Crohn's disease is a type of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which causes inflammation and irritation in the digestive tract. It is a long-te
Prelims Facts 28 Oct, 2025 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT)

 Recently, the Chief Justice of India praised the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) for its significant contribution to the justice delivery system, especially marking its 84th anniversary. About the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) is a quasi-judicial institution established in 1941. It is specialized in handling appeals related to direct
Prelims Facts 28 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)

 Recently, the Supreme Court of India has sought responses from the Centre, the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), and other concerned parties regarding a Public Interest Litigation (PIL). This PIL seeks a CBI probe into an alleged organised tiger-poaching and illegal wildlife trade racket operating in states like Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. About the National Tiger Conservat
Prelims Facts 28 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Qatar

 India recently defended Qatar’s sovereignty at the U.N. Human Rights Council, emphasizing its right to maintain its domestic policies and governance, particularly in light of international criticisms. About Qatar Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a small but strategically important country located in Western Asia on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Here'
Prelims Facts 28 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Japanese Encephalitis (JE)

 Recent research has highlighted a concerning connection between waning immunity against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and an increased risk of more severe dengue infections. About Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a viral zoonotic disease, meaning it is transmitted from animals to humans. The disease is caused by the Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV), a flaviv
Prelims Facts 28 Oct, 2025 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI)

 Recently, as part of its ongoing pan-India initiative "Operation Weed Out", the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) successfully seized 39.2 kg of hydroponic weed at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport in Mumbai. This operation reflects the agency's continued efforts in curbing drug trafficking and smuggling activities across the country. About Directorate
Prelims Facts 27 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Birhor Tribe

Around 550 residents from the Birhor tribe living in the Fulwariya hamlet of Koderma district in Jharkhand are set to receive electricity supply, marking an important milestone in improving their living conditions. This will be the first time in nearly eight decades that the residents of Fulwariya will experience access to electricity, significantly enhancing their quality of life. About th
Prelims Facts 27 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (PMSGMBY)

The PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (PMSGMBY), launched by the Indian government, has crossed an important milestone as Public Sector Banks (PSBs) have sanctioned over 5.79 lakh loan applications amounting to ?10,907 crore by September 2025. This is a significant step toward achieving the scheme’s goal of providing free electricity to households across India by promoting the use of rooft
Prelims Facts 27 Oct, 2025 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

UNESCO

 UNESCO's executive board has recently nominated Khaled el-Anani, the former Egyptian Minister of Tourism and Antiquities, to be the next Director-General of the organization. About UNESCO: The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations, founded in 1945. Its mission is to foster global peace and security by
Prelims Facts 27 Oct, 2025 GS-2 Important International Institutions

International Seabed Authority (ISA)

 India recently hosted the 8th Annual Contractors' Meeting of the International Seabed Authority (ISA) at the CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography in Goa. This significant event brought together global experts to discuss the latest developments in deep-sea exploration, with a focus on sustainable resource management and India’s leadership role in ocean exploration. The meeting h
Prelims Facts 26 Oct, 2025 GS-2 International Organization

Online National Drugs Licensing System (ONDLS) Portal

 The Online National Drugs Licensing System (ONDLS) is a significant digital initiative aimed at streamlining the licensing process for drugs and pharmaceutical products in India. Recently, it's been reported that although 18 state drug control authorities have adopted the platform, no state has yet fully complied with the Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA) guidelines for the portal, a
Prelims Facts 26 Oct, 2025 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Easter Island's Moai Statues

 Recent research has unveiled that the famous moai statues of Easter Island were not dragged or rolled into position as previously believed. Instead, the island's early inhabitants employed a remarkable method of "walking" these giant stone figures upright, utilizing sophisticated engineering techniques. About Easter Island (Rapa Nui) Location: Easter Island, known a
Prelims Facts 26 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Tomahawk missile

 The Tomahawk missile has recently been a focal point in global geopolitics, with Russian President Vladimir Putin warning that the potential approval of its delivery to Ukraine by US President Donald Trump could severely damage relations between Washington and Moscow. About the Tomahawk Missile: The Tomahawk missile is an American-made long-range cruise missile primarily used for deep la
Prelims Facts 26 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Black Sea

 The Black Sea remains a focal point of global geopolitical and environmental significance. Recently, Russia reported the destruction of 251 Ukrainian drones overnight, mostly over its southwest and in the Black Sea region, with one of the drones even targeting Moscow. Key Facts About the Black Sea: Location and Size: The Black Sea is a large inland sea located at the southeaster
Prelims Facts 26 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Mig La Pass

 The Mig La Pass, located on the Changthang Plateau in Ladakh, has recently set a world record with the construction of the world's highest motorable road at 19,400 feet above sea level. It is taller than both the South Base Camp of Mount Everest in Nepal (17,598 feet) and the North Base Camp in Tibe  (16,900 feet).This significant achievement was carried out by Project Himank under th
Prelims Facts 26 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Manjeera River

 In Medak, near the Edupayala temple, a dramatic rescue operation took place after two youths from Kukatpally were swept away by the swollen Manjeera River. About Manjeera River The Manjeera River is a key tributary of the Godavari River. It flows through several states, including Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Telangana. Course of the Manjeera River: Origin: The river originate
Prelims Facts 25 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

PM-SETU Scheme

At the Kaushal Deekshant Samaroh held at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, the Prime Minister launched the Pradhan Mantri Skilling and Employability Transformation through Upgraded ITIs (PM-SETU) scheme. This initiative aims to overhaul India's technical training landscape and create a robust skill development infrastructure. About the PM-SETU Scheme The PM-SETU scheme is a centrally sponsor
Prelims Facts 25 Oct, 2025 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Coral Triangle

 The Coral Triangle, often referred to as the ‘Amazon of the Seas’, is one of the most biodiverse marine ecosystems on the planet. Spanning over 10 million square kilometers, it is home to a wealth of marine life, including over three-quarters of the world’s coral species, a third of all reef fish, and six of the seven marine turtle species. This critical area is not only a bi
Prelims Facts 25 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Physical Geography

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD)

Recently, Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) has been spreading rapidly among children in Delhi and neighboring Haryana, prompting both health experts and schools to issue advisories to the public. The highly contagious viral infection is typically seen in children but can also affect adults in rare cases. About Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) HFMD is caused by several types of vi
Prelims Facts 25 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)

 The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has recently issued 84 Quality Control Orders (QCOs), based on recommendations from various ministries and departments. These orders are aimed at ensuring that products meet quality standards, reinforcing BIS's role in regulating and promoting product safety and quality across various sectors in India. About the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) BI
Prelims Facts 25 Oct, 2025 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary

 As part of the Wildlife Week celebrations, Delhi's Forest and Wildlife Department recently announced six days of daily bird walks at the Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary. About Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary The Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary is a significant ecological area located on the Southern Delhi Ridge of the Aravalli hill range, straddling the Delhi-Haryana border. Loc
Prelims Facts 25 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Tikhir tribe

 The Tikhir tribe is an indigenous Naga community in Nagaland, and their recent appeal to the Nagaland Director General of Police regarding the inclusion of aspirants from their tribe in the Nagaland Police constable recruitment reflects their ongoing efforts for greater representation and recognition. Cultural and Linguistic Background Language: The Tikhir people speak Naga Yimchun
Prelims Facts 25 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 2025 Summit

The 2025 SCO Heads of State Summit was held in Tianjin, China, marking a significant moment for the organization’s expanding role on the global stage. Key Highlights: Terrorism: The SCO strongly condemned all acts of terrorism, including the Pahalgam incident in India and other attacks in Pakistan. A unified call was made for countries to stop cross-bo
Prelims Facts 24 Oct, 2025 GS-2 International Organization

Nankana Sahib

 Nankana Sahib is one of the most significant and revered cities for the Sikh community. It holds immense historical and spiritual value as it is the birthplace of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism. Key Facts about Nankana Sahib: Location: Nankana Sahib is located in the Punjab province of Pakistan, approximately 75 kilometers west of Lahore. The city is historically tied to
Prelims Facts 24 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Religion & Philosophy

Willingdon Island

 Willingdon Island is a prominent man-made island in the Kochi area of Kerala, India, and is regarded as one of the most beautiful locations in the region. It holds a special place in both historical and strategic contexts. Key Features of Willingdon Island Man-Made Island: Willingdon Island was created by the British during the colonial era and is named after Lord Willingdon, the 2
Prelims Facts 24 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Baratang Island

India's only mud volcano, located on Baratang Island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, has erupted once again, drawing attention both for its unique geological phenomenon and its significance as a tourist destination. About Baratang Island Location: Baratang Island is situated in the North and Middle Andaman district, approximately 150 km from Port Blair. It’s part of t
Prelims Facts 24 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Dhvani Missile

 India's Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is on the verge of a historic milestone with the upcoming test of Dhvani, a next-generation hypersonic missile that is set to propel India into an elite group of military superpowers. What is the Dhvani Missile? The Dhvani is a hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV), a revolutionary weapon system that combines extreme speed with un
Prelims Facts 24 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB)

Scientists at the CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) have made a significant discovery regarding how white blood cells can adapt their internal skeletons to better combat pathogens. This discovery is an important advancement in understanding how the body’s immune cells respond to infections at the cellular level. About the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (
Prelims Facts 24 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Doctrine of Escheat

The Supreme Court of India recently ruled that a State Government cannot invoke the doctrine of escheat under Section 29 of the Hindu Succession Act once a Hindu male has executed a Will that has been declared valid and has been granted probate by a court. This ruling clarifies the legal implications of escheat in the presence of a valid will. About the Doctrine of Escheat The doctrine o
Prelims Facts 24 Oct, 2025 GS-2 Structure, Organization & Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary

Carlsberg Ridge

 Recently, the Indian government signed a contract with the International Seabed Authority to explore polymetallic sulphur nodules in the Carlsberg Ridge. About Carlsberg Ridge The Carlsberg Ridge is a mid-oceanic ridge located in the Indian Ocean. It is a divergent plate boundary, where tectonic plates are moving apart. Location: It extends from the triple junction of the Africa
Prelims Facts 24 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Physical Geography

Compressive Asphyxia

The tragic stampede at the Tamilaga Vetri Kazhagam (TVK) rally in Velusamypuram has claimed 41 lives, with doctors attributing most fatalities to compressive asphyxia caused by the crowd crush. What is Asphyxia? Asphyxia, or asphyxiation, refers to a condition where the body does not get enough oxygen to function properly. Respiration is the process through which we breathe in oxygen, which
Prelims Facts 23 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Mono Ethylene Glycol

 The textile industry in India has recently appealed to the government to not levy an anti-dumping duty on Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG). MEG is one of the primary raw materials used in the production of polyester fibre and filament, which are essential for textile manufacturing. The textile sector has raised concerns that the imposition of such duties may lead to higher costs for manufacturers an
Prelims Facts 23 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Painted Stork

 A pair of painted storks has recently been spotted in Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve (KNPTR) after a four-year hiatus. About the Painted Stork The painted stork (scientific name: Mycteria leucocephala) is a large wading bird belonging to the stork family Distribution: Painted storks are commonly found across the Indian Subcontinent, extending into Southeast Asia. The
Prelims Facts 23 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Pulicat Lake

 Recently, fishermen around Pulicat Lake have raised concerns over siltation in the lake, demanding a long-term solution as the growing silting threatens their livelihoods. This issue is significantly impacting the local economy, especially for communities dependent on fishing, which has been their traditional way of life for generations. About Pulicat Lake Pulicat Lake is a vast coastal
Prelims Facts 23 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

International Social Security Association (ISSA)

 The Union Labour Ministry of India recently highlighted the significant expansion of social protection in the country, rising from just 19% in 2015 to over 64% in 2025. This development was showcased at a conclave of the International Social Security Association (ISSA) held in Kuala Lumpur. The ISSA meeting provided an international platform for discussing best practices in social security and
Prelims Facts 23 Oct, 2025 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA)

The National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA) recently came into focus after two years of political and administrative controversy over the structural integrity of the Kaleshwaram project barrages. The Indian government has decided to repair the three barrages of the project based on the suggestions provided by the NDSA, which has been tasked with ensuring the safety of dams across the country.
Prelims Facts 22 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Disaster Management

UNICEF Report on Childhood Obesity

   The UNICEF report, titled "Feeding Profit: How Food Environments Are Failing Children", highlights the alarming rise in childhood obesity and overweight worldwide, particularly in children aged 5-19 years. The report stresses that unhealthy food environments are a major driver of this global crisis, contributing to long-term health risks and escalating healthcare costs. Key
Prelims Facts 22 Oct, 2025 GS-2 Important International Institutions

Red Fort

Recent studies have revealed a troubling environmental concern at Delhi’s Red Fort: the formation of a ‘black crust’ on its walls, a direct result of the high levels of air pollution in the area. This blackened layer is believed to be caused by the accumulation of soot and other pollutants from the surrounding air, which, over time, have begun to degrade the red sandstone str
Prelims Facts 22 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 2025

 India has been selected to host the 89th General Meeting (GM) of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) from 15th to 19th September 2025 at the Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi. This marks the fourth time India will host the prestigious event, following earlier meetings in 1960, 1997, and 2013. About the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) The IEC is a nonprofit orga
Prelims Facts 22 Oct, 2025 GS-2 International Organization

Cassini Spacecraft

 NASA's Cassini spacecraft, which completed its historic mission in 2017, has once again provided groundbreaking insights into the potential for life beyond Earth. A reanalysis of Cassini's data has uncovered more evidence that Saturn's moon Enceladus may harbor the conditions necessary to support life. Key Highlights from Recent Findings New Evidence of Habitability: Fr
Prelims Facts 22 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Clean Slate Doctrine

 The Clean Slate Doctrine under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) has been recently reinforced by the Delhi High Court, confirming that successful resolution applicants should not inherit the criminal liabilities of a corporate debtor’s past management. This principle has significant implications for the resolution process and for corporate restructuring in India. What is the Cl
Prelims Facts 21 Oct, 2025 GS-2 Structure, Organization & Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary

Canyon

 The Mar del Plata Canyon in Argentina has made headlines recently due to a groundbreaking expedition that uncovered over 40 potential new deep-sea species, including fascinating creatures like glass squids and pink lobsters.. About Mar del Plata Canyon Location: The Mar del Plata Canyon is located off the coast of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, about 250-300 km offshore from the
Prelims Facts 21 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Physical Geography

Ho Tribe

Recently, Adivasis from the Ho tribe staged a protest in West Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, voicing their opposition to the district administration's interference in their traditional Manki-Munda governance system. About the Ho Tribe The Ho tribe, also known as the Kolha people, are an Austroasiatic Munda ethnic group in India. Self-Identification: They refer to themselv
Prelims Facts 21 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Salient aspects of Diversity of India and Indian Society

Koalas and Chlamydia Vaccine

 Australia has recently approved the world’s first vaccine designed to protect koalas from Chlamydia, a major health threat to the iconic marsupial. About Koalas Koalas (scientific name: Phascolarctos cinereus) are herbivorous marsupials native to Australia. They are most commonly found in eucalyptus forests and are arboreal, meaning they spend most of their time in trees. Known for
Prelims Facts 21 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Dongsha Islands

 Taiwan's Coast Guard Administration (CGA) has confirmed that it recently dispatched vessels to confront a Chinese Coast Guard ship and a Chinese fishing boat operating near the Dongsha Islands (also known as Pratas Islands), marking a rise in maritime tensions in the region. About Dongsha Islands (Pratas Islands) The Dongsha Islands are a small group of islands situated in the northe
Prelims Facts 21 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Subika Painting

 Subika Painting Cultural Significance: An ancient painting style deeply rooted in the Meitei community's cultural history of Manipur. Historical Context: Associated with Puyas (archaic Manipuri manuscripts). Evidence suggests its origins in the 18th or 19th century. Likely existed since the introduction of writing in Manipur. Ma
Prelims Facts 10 Jan, 2025 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

NPCI Extends Market Cap Deadline for UPI Apps

 NPCI Extends Market Cap Deadline for UPI Apps Why in News? The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has extended the deadline for Third-Party App Providers (TPAPs) to comply with the 30% transaction cap on Unified Payments Interface (UPI) transaction volumes until 31st December 2026. Key Points: Impact on Major UPI Players: This extension impacts major TPAPs like PhonePe
Prelims Facts 09 Jan, 2025 GS-3 Inclusive Growth & Issues Arising From It

Advocates of the Supreme Court

 Advocates of the Supreme Court Why in News? Concerns have been raised about the quality of the newly designated Senior Advocates, with 116 advocates receiving this designation in 2024. This has led to discussions regarding the criteria and process for designating Senior Advocates in the Supreme Court (SC). Key Points About Senior Advocates Designation and Criteria: Awarded by
Prelims Facts 08 Jan, 2025 GS-2 Separation of Powers Between Various Organs

Digital Maha Kumbh 2025: A Fusion of Spirituality and Technology

 Digital Maha Kumbh 2025: A Fusion of Spirituality and Technology The Maha Kumbh Mela 2025, scheduled to take place in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, is set to be a groundbreaking event that merges spiritual traditions with modern technology. The integration of cutting-edge technology aims to enhance devotee safety, efficiency in management, and cyber security during the event, while providing an imm
Prelims Facts 04 Jan, 2025 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Cameroon Islands and Douala-Edea National Park

 Cameroon Islands and Douala-Edea National Park Context: In Cameroon, the NGO Papaye International runs a sanctuary for orphaned chimpanzees across three islands within the Douala-Edea National Park. This initiative is part of the larger conservation efforts to protect the region's unique wildlife, including endangered chimpanzees. Cameroon Islands: The Cameroon Islands are pa
Prelims Facts 03 Jan, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

H-1B Visas

 H-1B Visas Context: Recently, an online controversy arose between Elon Musk and other right-wing supporters in the US regarding the H-1B visa program. In this debate, Donald Trump expressed his support for the program, stating that he has always favored it. About the H-1B Visa: The H-1B visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows US employers to hire foreign workers in specialized occupat
Prelims Facts 02 Jan, 2025 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

18th Edition of Exercise SURYA KIRAN

 18th Edition of Exercise SURYA KIRAN In News: The 18th edition of Exercise SURYA KIRAN is scheduled to take place from 31st December 2024 to 13th January 2025 at Saljhandi, Nepal. This annual joint military exercise is conducted alternately between India and Nepal. About Exercise SURYA KIRAN SURYA KIRAN is a bilateral military exercise designed to strengthen the defense cooperation bet
Prelims Facts 02 Jan, 2025 GS-2 India and its Neighborhood – Relations

Conjugal Visits in Prisons:

 Conjugal Visits in Prisons: Context: The Delhi Government is reconsidering the proposal to allow conjugal visits for prisoners, sparking a renewed discussion on the potential benefits and concerns surrounding this practice. What are Conjugal Visits? Conjugal visits refer to private family visits where inmates can spend time with their legal spouses within the prison setting. These v
Prelims Facts 01 Jan, 2025 GS-2 Statutory, Regulatory & Quasi-Judicial Bodies

High-Risk Food Category

 High-Risk Food Category Context: The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has categorized packaged drinking water as a 'high-risk food'. This classification highlights the importance of maintaining strict safety standards in the production, packaging, and distribution of such food products to ensure public health. What Are High-Risk Food Categories? High-risk fo
Prelims Facts 10 Dec, 2024 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Oxford Lauds PRAGATI Platform

 Oxford Lauds PRAGATI Platform A recent study by Oxford University’s Saïd Business School (SBS) has lauded the PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation) infrastructure monitoring system, recognizing its transformative role in improving governance and expediting infrastructure development in India. Findings of the Study The study evaluated the impact of PRAGATI on
Prelims Facts 07 Dec, 2024 GS-2 Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency & Accountability

E-Daakhil Portal

 E-Daakhil Portal Overview The E-Daakhil portal, launched by the Department of Consumer Affairs, is a nationwide initiative designed to provide an online mechanism for consumers to file complaints and seek redressal for disputes under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019. The portal is now operational across all states and union territories, with the latest launch in Ladakh in November 2024.
Prelims Facts 04 Dec, 2024 GS-2 Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency & Accountability

Zonal Cultural Centres (ZCCs)

 Zonal Cultural Centres (ZCCs) Overview The Ministry of Culture has established 7 Zonal Cultural Centres (ZCCs) across India to preserve, promote, and celebrate the diverse cultural heritage of various regions. These centres play a pivotal role in ensuring that the rich cultural traditions and art forms from different parts of the country are conserved, promoted, and disseminated. Objectiv
Prelims Facts 04 Dec, 2024 GS-2 Statutory, Regulatory & Quasi-Judicial Bodies

Excavation Pit Collapsed in Lothal:

 Excavation Pit Collapsed in Lothal: Context of the Incident Recently, a tragic incident occurred during an excavation at Lothal, a prominent Harappan site, where a research scholar tragically lost her life due to the collapse of an excavation pit. About Lothal: Key Historical and Archaeological Facts Location: Lothal is situated in the Bhal region of Gujarat, India, and is one o
Prelims Facts 03 Dec, 2024 GS-1 Ancient History

Centre for Processing Accelerated Corporate Exit (C-PACE)

 Centre for Processing Accelerated Corporate Exit (C-PACE) The Centre for Processing Accelerated Corporate Exit (C-PACE) has been set up to streamline and expedite the process of company closures in India. The initiative aims to significantly reduce the time required for the voluntary winding-up of companies, bringing the process down to 70-90 days. Key Objectives and Functions Accel
Prelims Facts 03 Dec, 2024 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Relating to Growth, Development & Employment

Jim Corbett National Park:

   Jim Corbett National Park: Jim Corbett National Park, located in the Nainital district of Uttarakhand, is one of the most renowned national parks in India. It is part of the Corbett Tiger Reserve and plays a significant role in wildlife conservation, particularly in protecting the Bengal tiger. Established in 1936 as Hailey National Park, it is the oldest national park in India and
Prelims Facts 03 Dec, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Eklavya Platform: Online Learning for the Indian Army

 Eklavya Platform: Online Learning for the Indian Army Why in News? The Ministry of Defence has launched the Eklavya platform, an online learning platform aimed at improving the professional education and training of Indian Army officers. This initiative is part of the Decade of Transformation (2023-2032) and aligns with the 2024 theme: Year of Technology Absorption. Key Features of Eklavy
Prelims Facts 02 Dec, 2024 GS-1 Social Empowerment

Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index (GRAI) 2023

 Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index (GRAI) 2023 The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (MoPP&P) has launched the Grievance Redressal Assessment and Index (GRAI) 2023 to evaluate and enhance the grievance redressal systems of various central ministries and departments in India. Key Features of GRAI 2023: Purpose: GRAI 2023 aims to assess and im
Prelims Facts 02 Dec, 2024 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

United Nations Human Rights Council

 Overview: At the 55th Human Rights Council of the United Nations, India exercised its 'Right to Reply' for a staunch response to Turkey and Pakistan for the mention of Jammu and Kashmir on the platform. About United Nations Human Rights Council: It is an intergovernmental body within the United Nations whose mission is to promote and protect human rights around the world. It
Prelims Facts 06 Mar, 2024 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

International Big Cat Alliance

 Overview: The Union Cabinet formally announced the establishment of International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) with one-time budgetary support of Rs 150 crore from the central government until 2028. About International Big Cat Alliance: It is an initiative launched by the Prime Minister of India in April 2023 in Mysuru commemorating the 50th anniversary of Project Tiger. The objective of
Prelims Facts 06 Mar, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Juice jacking

 Overview: Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued a cautionary message to mobile phone users about juice jacking. About Juice jacking: The term “juice jacking” was first coined in 2011 by investigative journalist Brian Krebs. It is a form of cyberattack where a public USB charging port is tampered with and infected using hardware and software changes to steal d
Prelims Facts 06 Mar, 2024 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

A recent study has claimed that BioTRIG, a new waste management technology could help rural Indians.

 About BioTRIG: It is a new waste management technology based on the pyrolysis system. It works by sealing the waste inside an oxygen-free chamber and heating it above 400 degrees Celsius. Useful chemicals are produced in the process. In the study, the researchers outlined that three products of pyrolysis — bio-oil, syngas and biochar fertilizer — could help rural Indians live
Prelims Facts 06 Mar, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Jacaranda Bloom

 Overview: The early onset bloom of jacaranda set off alarm bells among residents and scientists in Mexico City. About Jacaranda Bloom: It’s also known by its synonym Jacaranda acutifolia. It is a deciduous tree, Jacaranda mimosifolia comes from the Bignoniaceae family. Blue jacaranda is native of Brazil and North West Argentina. These are hardy trees that grow well in tropical
Prelims Facts 06 Mar, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Vikramaditya Vedic Clock

Overview: The Prime Minister recently inaugurated the Vikramaditya Vedic Clock, which is mounted on an 85-foot tower within Jantar Mantar in Ujjain. About Vikramaditya Vedic Clock: It is the world’s first 'Vedic Clock', designed to display time according to the ancient Indian traditional Panchang (time calculation system). It has been positioned on an 85-foot tower with
Prelims Facts 05 Mar, 2024 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

What is Melanochlamys Droupadi

 Overview: Researchers of the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) recently discovered a new species of head-shield sea slug from Odisha and the West Bengal coast named ‘Melanochlamys Droupadi’. About Melanochlamys Droupadi It is a new marine species of head-shield sea slug with ruby red spot. This species belonging to Melanochlamys genus was discovered from Digha of West Beng
Prelims Facts 05 Mar, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

What is the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)

 Overview: In a coordinated operation at sea, the Indian Navy and the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) recently apprehended a suspicious vessel carrying almost 3300 Kgs of contraband. About Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB): The NCB was created in March 1986 in terms of Section 4(3) of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, which envisages a Central Authority for the purpos
Prelims Facts 05 Mar, 2024 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

What is Doomsday Glacier

 Overview: Unveiling new details about Antarctica's "Doomsday Glacier", scientists have revealed that the Thwaites Glacier has been losing ice since the 1940s. About Doomsday Glacier: Thwaites Glacier, also known as the “Doomsday Glacier,” is located in the remote Amundsen Sea in West Antarctica. It’s a wide and fast-flowing glacier, roughly the size of F
Prelims Facts 05 Mar, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

What is a Very Short-Range Air Defence System (VSHORADS)

 Overview: The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully conducted two flight tests of the Very Short-Range Air Defence System (VSHORADS) missile. About Very Short-Range Air Defence System (VSHORADS) VSHORADS is a fourth-generation Man Portable Air Defence System (MANPAD) specially designed to counter low-altitude aerial threats over short distances. These ar
Prelims Facts 05 Mar, 2024 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

What is Roen olmi

 Overview: Two researchers in Goa have said that they synthesised gold nanoparticles from a wild mushroom species that is widely eaten as a delicacy in the coastal state. About Roen olmi It is a mushroom of the Termitomyces species. It grows on termite hills and is locally known as ‘roen olmi’ in Goa. It is an edible wild mushroom popular among Goans and consumed during t
Prelims Facts 04 Mar, 2024 GS-3 Major Crops Cropping Patterns in Various Parts of the Country

Hemophilia A

 Overview: Recently, the Union Science and Technology Minister told that India has conducted the first human clinical trial of gene therapy for ‘haemophilia A’ at Christian Medical College – Vellore. About Hemophilia A It is a genetic disorder that affects the body’s ability to form blood clots. It is a rare disorder in which the blood doesn't clot in the typ
Prelims Facts 04 Mar, 2024 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

What is Gene therapy

 It is a technique that modifies a person’s genes to treat or cure disease. Gene therapies can work by several mechanisms: Replacing a disease-causing gene with a healthy copy of the gene   Inactivating a disease-causing gene that is not functioning properly Introducing a new or modified gene into the body to help treat a disease Gene therapy products are being studied to
Prelims Facts 04 Mar, 2024 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Kulasekarapattinam Spaceport

 Overview: The Prime Minister recently laid the foundation stone for a new spaceport at Kulasekarapattinam in southern Tamil Nadu. About Kulasekarapattinam Spaceport It is a new spaceport coming up at Kulasekarapattinam, a coastal hamlet near the temple town of Tiruchendur in Thoothukudi district in southern Tamil Nadu. It will be second after the space agency’s existing Satish
Prelims Facts 03 Mar, 2024 GS-3 Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology

What is Neolithic Period

 Overview: Researchers recently unearthed an ancient burial site of a child with a pot beside it likely dating back to the neolithic period, at Chettimedu Pathur near Chennai. About Neolithic Period: The Neolithic Period, also called the New Stone Age, is the final stage of cultural evolution or technological development among prehistoric humans. The term Neolithic is most frequently
Prelims Facts 03 Mar, 2024 GS-1 Ancient History

What is Article 25 of the Indian Constitution?

 Overview: The Kerala High Court recently observed that the fundamental right under Article 25 of the Constitution to enter a temple for worship does not give the right to any member of the Hindu community to perform the role of Archakas (priests). About Article 25 of Indian Constitution Article 25 says that all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right to freel
Prelims Facts 02 Mar, 2024 GS-2 Indian Constitution

Good governance day

 Context: Good Governance Day is being celebrated on the birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee on 25th December. Origin: 2014 Governance involves decision-making and effective implementation. Good Governance occurs when power is utilized responsibly to foster a nation's development. This concept dates back to ancient times, with figures like Chanakya discu
Prelims Facts 02 Mar, 2024 GS-2 Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency & Accountability

Forex reserves

 Context: Recently, Forex reserves jumped $2.816 billion to $606.859 billion. About forex reserves Foreign Exchange Reserves refer to assets kept in reserve by a central bank, comprising foreign currencies such as bonds, treasury bills, and government securities. These reserves, expressed in the US dollar, the international standard, are managed by the RBI, serving as the cust
Prelims Facts 02 Mar, 2024 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Relating to Growth, Development & Employment

Maulana Azad Education Foundation (MAEF)

 Overview The Ministry of Minority Affairs recently ordered the closure of the Maulana Azad Education Foundation (MAEF) About Maulana Azad Education Foundation (MAEF) MAEF was established on the occasion of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad's birth centenary celebrations. The Foundation is a voluntary, non-political, non-profit making social service organization. It was registered under th
Prelims Facts 01 Mar, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Mukhyamantri Gramin Solar Street Light Scheme

 The Mukhyamantri Gramin Solar Street Light Yojana is a scheme that aims to provide street lights in villages and cities in Bihar. The scheme is expected to be completed by March 2023 but not implemented in some areas till now.
Prelims Facts 06 Feb, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Syndiniales & Corallicolids

 The international team of researchers collected samples of corals from across the Mediterranean Sea and analysed the bacteria that live with the corals. The researchers found that the presence of a group of parasitic single-celled organisms called Syndiniales made it more likely that a coral could survive heat stress. The presence of Corallicolids, a group of single-c
Prelims Facts 06 Feb, 2024 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

India's stock market

 India overtakes Hong Kong to become 4th-largest stock market recently. India's stock market capitalization crossed USD 4 trillion for the first time, with about half of that reportedly coming in the past 4 years. The top 3 stock markets are the U.S., China, and Japan.
Prelims Facts 06 Feb, 2024 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Relating to Growth, Development & Employment

Naiyandi Melam

 A naiyandi melam is a type of percussion instrument that is unique to Tamil Nadu, Kerala and parts of South India. It is performed by artistes of different communities. The word, naiyandi, means making fun. Naiyandi melam follows a set of tunes, beginning with ‘thooku’.
Prelims Facts 06 Feb, 2024 GS-1 Indian Heritage & Culture

Warm vaccine for COVID-19

 Context: A team of scientists from IISc has completed pre-clinical trials and is now gearing up for human testing of the heat-tolerant Covid-19 vaccine About: The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) has developed a heat-tolerant vaccine called RS2 against COVID-19, which can be stored at high temperatures for extended periods of time, making it easier to transport and distribute to re
Prelims Facts 05 Feb, 2024 GS-2 International Organization

Pinanga Subterranea

 Pinanga subterranea is a species of palm tree native to Borneo. It's the 1st known species of palm to flower and fruit almost exclusively underground. This rare phenomenon has only been recorded in one other plant group, the orchid Rhizanthella.
Prelims Facts 05 Feb, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Peregrine Lunar Lander

 The Peregrine Lunar Lander, also known as Peregrine Mission One, is a lunar lander built by Astrobotic Technology, U.S. It was launched recently carrying payloads for NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services program.
Prelims Facts 05 Feb, 2024 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

International Education Day

 The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) declared January 24 as the International Day of Education in 2018. The day celebrates the role of education in peace and development and aims to raise awareness of the value and impact of quality education. In 2024, UNESCO is focusing on promoting anti-racist guidelines and addressing racism in textbooks with the th
Prelims Facts 05 Feb, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Religious processions

 The Supreme Court ruled that the concentration of a religious community in a particular area is not a valid reason to deny permission to another religious community to hold events or prayer meetings. The court also ruled that religious processions cannot be rejected based on religious grounds.
Prelims Facts 05 Feb, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Kinmen Island

 Context: Presidential elections are scheduled in Taiwan on 13th January in which Kinmen residents are preparing to vote. About: Governance: Kinmen, also known as Quemoy, comprises a cluster of islands under the jurisdiction of Taiwan. Location in Relation to China: Geographical Position: Positioned on the southeastern coast of the People’s Republic of China
Prelims Facts 04 Feb, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

Task Force To Resolve Trade Barrier

 Context: The Ministry of Commerce and Industry has set up a task force to identify and resolve trade barriers being faced by foreign exporters. News: Indian exports encounter significant barriers in certain products such as chillies, tea, basmati rice, milk, and poultry in the European Union, sesame seeds and apparel in Japan, and food, meat, fish, dairy, and industrial pro
Prelims Facts 04 Feb, 2024 GS-3 Various Security Forces & Agencies & Their Mandate

Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit

 Context: Prime Minister of India has inaugurated Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit 2024 at Mahatma Mandir, Gandhinagar. About: Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit, conceptualised in 2003 under the visionary leadership of the then Chief Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has today evolved as one of the most reputed global forums for business collaboration, knowledge sharing and strategic partnerships for
Prelims Facts 04 Feb, 2024 GS-2 Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency & Accountability

Operation AMRITH

 The Kerala Drug Control Department launched Operation Amrith (AMRITH - Anti Microbial Resistance Intervention for Total Health) recently. It is a strategy launched to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The initiative aims to reduce the use of antibiotics by conducting surprise raids on retail medical shops to detect the sale of antibiotics with
Prelims Facts 04 Feb, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Parakram Diwas

 PM to participate in programme marking Parakram Diwas (Day of Valor) at Red Fort. The programme will commemorate the legacy of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and the Azad Hind Fauj. January 23, 2024 was commemorated as the 126th birth anniversary of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.
Prelims Facts 04 Feb, 2024 GS-1 Modern India

EXERCISE ‘CYCLONE’

 Exercise Cyclone is a joint military exercise between India and Egypt. The exercise aims to strengthen the bond between the two armies and develop bilateral military cooperation. The exercise focuses on desert operations and includes 3 phases.
Prelims Facts 04 Feb, 2024 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

Modernization of Paradip Fishing Harbour

 Context: Recently, the Union Minister laid the foundation stone for the Modernisation of Paradip Fishing Harbour. News: Paradip Fishing Harbour is poised for a transformation as the Central Government greenlights the Modernisation and Upgradation project, receiving 100% central financial assistance under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY). The Paradip Port Authority
Prelims Facts 03 Feb, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Biswanath Ghat

 Biswanath Ghat is a village in Assam, located on the banks of the Brahmaputra River and is known as "Gupta Kashi". The name "Gupta Kashi" is a comparison to Kashi during the Gupta Empire era. The village is named after the ancient Biswanath temple, a prominent religious site for centuries. Biswanath Ghat is also known for its ghat, island, and temple built by t
Prelims Facts 03 Feb, 2024 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

ReTro

 Chinese scientists recently announced that they have cloned a Rhesus monkey named ReTro that lived to adulthood. The scientists created ReTro using a slightly modified version to create Dolly the Sheep and other mammals like the long-tailed macaque, which was the first primate to be cloned.
Prelims Facts 03 Feb, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Wings India 2024

 Wings India 2024 is a civil aviation event that took place at Begumpet Airport in Hyderabad, India. This event is organized by the Ministry of Civil Aviation, AAI, and FICCI. The event celebrated India's status as the world's third-largest domestic aviation market.
Prelims Facts 03 Feb, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Post Payments Bank

 Context: India Post Payments Bank enter into MoU with Hindustan Zinc to offer financial inclusion services to its CSR beneficiaries. Significance of the MOU: The collaboration will ensure in creating a lasting impact on the lives of community beneficiaries around Hindustan Zinc’s operational areas.  The key services provided by the IPPB will ensure Financial Inclusion and ens
Prelims Facts 02 Feb, 2024 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Bharat stage emission standards

 Context: The Supreme Court Thursday asked the Centre to formulate a policy to phase out heavy-duty diesel vehicles and to replace them with BSVI vehicles. News: The Supreme Court directed the Centre to formulate a policy within six months regarding the use of the Inland Container Depot (ICD) at Tughlaqabad, Delhi, to address air pollution concerns. The order followed a plea by the Conta
Prelims Facts 02 Feb, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Zanskar River

 The Zanskar River is a tributary of the Indus River. It originates from the Doda and Lungnak rivers, and flows entirely within Ladakh. The Zanskar River's headwaters are known as the Tsarap Chu, and originate from the snows of the Himalayas. The river's entire catchment area is formed by glaciers.
Prelims Facts 02 Feb, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

Veerbhadra Temple

 The temple is dedicated to the deity Veerabhadra, the fiery form of Lord Shiva. The temple is closely associated with the Ramayana. Top of Form It was built during the 16th century, the architectural features of the temple are in the Vijayanagara style with profusion of carvings and paintings. The Veerabhadra Swamy temple and the Nandi statue in Lepakshi, India w
Prelims Facts 02 Feb, 2024 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Boeing India Engineering and Technology Centre (BIETC)

 Prime Minister inaugurated aircraft manufacturing giant Boeing’s largest investment facility outside the USA in Bengaluru recently. It aims to be a cornerstone for partnership with the vibrant startup, private and government ecosystem in the country. PM will also launch the Boeing Sukanya Program that aims to support the entry of more girl children from across I
Prelims Facts 02 Feb, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Swachh Survekshan 2023

 Context: The President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu conferred Swachh Survekshan awards 2023 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi hosted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA).  News: 13 awardees received felicitations under categories of Clean Cities, Cleanest Cantonment, SafaiMitra Suraksha, Ganga Towns and Best Performing State were given away. This year the cleanest
Prelims Facts 01 Feb, 2024 GS-1 Urbanization, their problems and their remedies

Timor-Leste and Mozambique

 Context: The Prime Minister held bilateral meetings with the President of Timor Leste and Mozambique, a day before the inauguration of the 10th edition of Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit. About Timor-Leste or East Timor: Situated in the eastern Lesser Sunda Islands at the southern extremity of the Malay Archipelago, Timor-Leste is an island country. Its capital a
Prelims Facts 01 Feb, 2024 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

Project BHISHM

 BHISHM -Bharat Health Initiative for Sahyog, Hita and Maitri). It is a project that aims to provide immediate medical assistance during humanitarian crises or natural disasters. It is a joint project of the Indian Navy and the DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation). The project also includes the world's first indigenous portable hosp
Prelims Facts 01 Feb, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

IInvenTiv

 The 2nd edition of the Ministry of Education’s flagship R&D Innovation Fair, IInvenTiv-2024 was inaugurated by Union Education Minister recently. It aims to showcase the holistic impact of the research and innovation carried out by the country's top higher education institutes.
Prelims Facts 01 Feb, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Harni lake

 Harni Motnath Lake is a green lake in Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
Prelims Facts 01 Feb, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

Indian Toy industry

 Context: Indian Toy industry witnesses 52% decline in imports and 239% rise in exports in FY 2022-23 in comparison to FY 2014-15. News: A case study on the "Success Story of Made in India Toys" conducted by IIM Lucknow for DPIIT highlights positive trends in the Indian toy industry: Dependence on imported inputs decreased significantly from 33% to 12%, showcasing increased se
Prelims Facts 31 Jan, 2024 GS-4 Ethics and Case Studies

Equipment for Recycling of Waste Thermoplastic Polymers

 Context: Indigenous equipment called single screw extruder developed for mechanical recycling through melt-mixing of waste thermoplastic polymers and inorganic particulate fillers can help manufacture and characterize polymer composites that can be molded to the required shape for making paver blocks, tiles, and bricks. Present status of recycling:  At present, commercially available melt-
Prelims Facts 31 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology

Fo Guang Shan

 Fo Guang Shan Cultural and Educational Centre, received registration under ‘religious, cultural, economic, educational and social purpose’ category recently. Fo Guang Shan (FGS) is one of the largest Buddhist organization and monastic order based in Taiwan. The name translates to "Buddha's Light Mountain". FGS practices Humanistic Buddhism,
Prelims Facts 31 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Religion & Philosophy

Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park (PNHZP)

 The Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park (PNHZP) is a zoo in Darjeeling, India. It's also known as the Darjeeling Zoo and is the largest high-altitude zoo in the country. The zoo is dedicated to wildlife conservation and is known for its breeding programs for red pandas, Himalayan salamanders, Tibetan wolves, and snow leopards. World Association for Zoos and Aquar
Prelims Facts 31 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Munagapaka

 Munagapaka is a village in the Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Munagapaka, known for sugarcane cultivation, is gearing up to organise the 15th edition of the traditional sports like Horse, bullock cart races during Sankranti. The races were quite different from Jallikattu organised in Tamil Nadu or similar competitions held in Krishna and Guntur.
Prelims Facts 31 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Indian Heritage & Culture

Snow leopard

 Context: Sadyr Zhaparov, the president of Kyrgyzstan signed a decree to declare the snow leopard as the national symbol of Kyrgyzstan. About Snow Leopard: Scientific Name: Panthera uncia Indicator Species: Snow leopards serve as crucial indicators of the mountain ecosystem's health due to their role as the top predator in the food web. Habitat: Found in the mountains of central A
Prelims Facts 30 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Bab el-Mandeb

 Context: British maritime security agency UKMTO reported explosions late Tuesday near a cargo ship in the strategic Bab el-Mandeb Strait, which separates the Arabian Peninsula from the Horn of Africa. About Bab al-Mandab Strait It is a strait that connects the Red Sea (northwest) with the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean (southeast). It is located between Arabia (northeast) a
Prelims Facts 30 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

Buxa National Park

 Context: Recently, a tiger has been observed in West Bengal’s Buxa National  Park. The previous  sighting of Tiger was after 23 years on December 12, 2021. News: Possible Factors Contributing to the Tiger Population Recovery: Growth in the number of prey animals for tigers. Increase in the size of grassland habitats, providing more suitable areas for tiger popula
Prelims Facts 30 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

W1935

 W1935 is a brown dwarf star that is 47 light-years away from Earth. It is the 1st auroral candidate outside of the solar system that has been identified through methane emission signatures. It is also the coldest auroral candidate outside of our solar system, with a temperature of about 400 degrees Fahrenheit (200 degrees Celsius). Astronomers using NASA&#
Prelims Facts 30 Jan, 2024 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Vondy

 It is an all-in-one AI platform that can create content as well as enhance productivity. The application has been developed by New York-based software engineer Rohit Das and New Jersey-based software engineer David Laub. Vondy is free and there are no message limits unlike ChatGPTand also has an AI assistant that’s a social media influencer.
Prelims Facts 30 Jan, 2024 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Green Hydrogen from Whisky Distillery

 Researchers at the Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh used wastewater from the whisky distilling industry to produce green hydrogen, which is a type of sustainable fuel. They did this by developing a new nanoscale material, nickel selenide that allowed distillery wastewater to replace fresh water in the green hydrogen production & it treats the wastewater.
Prelims Facts 30 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Internet cable project in Lakshadweep

 Context: recently Kochi–Lakshadweep submarine optical fibre cable project was inaugurated , implemented at a cost of ₹1,072 crore, which will connect the islands to high-speed internet for the first time, after years of relying on limited satellite bandwidth. About the project: Objective   The KLI project involves extending submarine cable connectivity from Kochi to eleve
Prelims Facts 29 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Infrastructure

SpaceX’s Falcon-9 to launch India’s GSAT-20; satellite to spread broadband coverage

 Context: NewSpace India Ltd. (NSIL), the commercial arm of the Indian Space Research Organisation, will launch GSAT-20 (renamed GSAT-N2), on board SpaceX’s Falcon-9 rocket during the second quarter of 2024. About GSAT-20 Satellite: Features: GSAT-20 is a high-throughput Ka-band satellite equipped with 32 beams, providing comprehensive coverage across India, including remote regio
Prelims Facts 29 Jan, 2024 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Global FinTech Forum

 On the sidelines of the Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit, PM interacted with prominent business leaders in the Global FinTech Leadership Forum at GIFT city in Gujarat recently. The Global Fintech Forum is a space for shareholders, customers, and participants to share experiences and experiment.
Prelims Facts 29 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Zero Defect, Zero Effect Scheme

 Zero Defect Zero Effect (ZED) is a certification scheme for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The scheme's goal is to improve the competitiveness and sustainability of MSMEs, and to help them become national and international champions. The ZED scheme has 3 levels of certification - Bronze, Silver, and Gold. The certification is based on parameters such as qua
Prelims Facts 29 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

‘Swayam Siddha’

 Swayam Siddha is a financial product from the State Bank of India (SBI) that provides loans to women entrepreneurs from Self Help Groups (SHGs). The loans can be up to 5 lakh rupees.
Prelims Facts 29 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD)

 Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, also known as Non-Resident Indian (NRI) Day, flagship event of the Ministry of External Affairs is celebrated on January 9 every year. Aim - To mark the contribution and achievements of the overseas Indian community to the development of India. It’s a day to acknowledge the achievements of Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and Persons of
Prelims Facts 28 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Human Geography

Ugram

 Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) lab and a Hyderabd based private firm launched an indigenous assault rifle named Ugram recently. The rifle is weighing less than 4 kg with a 500-meter firing range. It is designed and developed to meet the operational requirements of the Indian armed forces, Para military forces, and state police forces.
Prelims Facts 28 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

National Sports and Adventure Awards 2023

 The National Sports and Adventure Awards were established in 2002 to honor athletes who contribute to sports and continue to promote sports events after retirement. The 2023 awards included Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Awards-2023; Dronacharya Awards-2023; Arjuna Awards-2023; Dhyan Chand Awards-2023; Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Awards-2022; Rashtriya Khel Protsahan
Prelims Facts 28 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Gulf of Aden

 Context: The Indian Navy has deployed ships and aircraft to maintain enhanced surveillance and maritime security operations in the North/Central Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden.  News: The Navy is actively observing the situation in collaboration with national maritime agencies and is dedicated to guaranteeing the well-being of merchant shipping and seafarers in the area. Cu
Prelims Facts 27 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Infrastructure

Efficacy of nano urea

 Context: A two-year field study conducted by Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) scientists on the effectiveness of Liquid Nano Urea has revealed a significant reduction in rice and wheat yields compared to the application of conventional nitrogen (N) fertilizer. News: These results highlight the importance of conducting extended, long-term field assessments spanning 5-7 years to determine
Prelims Facts 27 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Issues Related to Direct & Indirect Farm Subsidies & Minimum Support Prices

Polar Bear Dies of Avian Flu in the Arctic

 Context: The Arctic region has reported the first case of death of a polar bear due to the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI). News: The Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation reported the discovery of a deceased bear in the vicinity of Utqiagvik, Alaska's northernmost community. The first detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in the Arctic regio
Prelims Facts 27 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

MSMEs in India

 A recent report of CBRE-CREDAI says that Maharastra, TamilNadu and Uttar Pradesh (top 3 States) contribute 40% of registered MSMEs in India. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are known by the acronym MSME.
Prelims Facts 27 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Inclusive Growth & Issues Arising From It

Peregrine & Vulcan

 The Peregrine lander was built by Pittsburgh-based space robotics firm Astrobotic and aimed to become the first lunar lander constructed by a private company. This is also the first mission to fly under NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) initiative, where NASA pays private companies to send scientific equipment to the moon. Vulcan Centaur is a two-stage-to-orbit, heavy
Prelims Facts 27 Jan, 2024 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Sisal

 Sisal is a species of flowering plant native to southern Mexico. Sisal, (Agave sisalana), plant of the family Asparagaceae and its fibre, the most important of the leaf fibre group. The leaves have been used to make twine, cloth, carpets and mezcal, a distilled alcoholic beverage. A recent study suggests that the sisal leaves could make sanitary napkins more sustainable in India.
Prelims Facts 27 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Prithvi programme

 Context: The Union Cabinet cleared a ₹4,797-crore programme called ‘Prithvi’ (Earth) that is expected to subsume five existing schemes of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES). About Prithvi Vigyan Scheme: The Prithvi scheme consolidates five existing sub-schemes, namely: Atmosphere & Climate Research-Modelling Observing Systems & Services (ACROSS) Ocean Service
Prelims Facts 26 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology

International Purple Fest 2024

 The International Purple Fest 2024 is a global celebration of inclusivity and empowerment that is being held in Goa. The festival aims to promote the rights of people with disabilities and create a platform for them to showcase their talents and abilities.
Prelims Facts 26 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Countries of Particular Concern

 U.S. designates China, Pakistan and North Korea and some other countries as 'Countries of Particular Concern' recently. Countries of Particular Concern (CPC) are countries where the government engages in or tolerates “particularly severe” violations of religious freedom. The U.S. Department of State designates CPCs under the International Religious Freedom Act of
Prelims Facts 26 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

Vellayani Lake

 Vellayani Lake of Punchakkari wetland is the largest freshwater lake in Trivandrum, Kerala. The Vellayani Devi Temple, dedicated to Goddess Bhadrakali, is located on the eastern banks of the lake.
Prelims Facts 26 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

Centre Plans Interest-free Loans for Andhra’s Cyclone-hit Tobacco Farmers

 Context: The Central government is considering a proposal to provide interest-free loans to tobacco farmers of Andhra Pradesh impacted by Cyclone Michaung. News: Interest-Free Loans for Andhra Tobacco Farmers: Loan Details: Andhra Tobacco farmers are set to receive interest-free loans ranging from ₹10,000 to ₹20,000, with a repayment period of six months. These loans
Prelims Facts 25 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Food Processing & Related Industries in India

Polygraph test

 Context: Five of the six people arrested by the Delhi Police in connection with the Parliament security breach on December 13 last year gave their consent before a court here on Friday to undergo a polygraph test. About: A polygraph test is carried out on the assumption that physiological responses triggered when one is lying are different from what they otherwise would be. Rather than
Prelims Facts 25 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Indian Constitution

Chandubi Festival

 The Chandubi Festival takes place near the Chandubi Lake in Kamrup district, Assam. The festival celebrates Assamese culture and traditions, and aims to promote and preserve the cultural heritage of the area's tribal communities. The Chandubi Festival is organized by the people of Rajapara village in the Kamrup district, under the Rabha Hasong Autonomous Council (RHAC).
Prelims Facts 25 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Bangladesh

 PM congratulates Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh for victory for 4th consecutive term recently. Sheikh Hasina's Awami League won almost 75% (222 out of 300) Parliamentary seats  of the seats in general election that was boycotted by the main opposition BNP and drew a low turnout.
Prelims Facts 25 Jan, 2024 GS-2 India and its Neighborhood – Relations

PM's Awards for Excellence in Public Administration, 2023

 Prime Minister’s Awards for Excellence in Public Administration 2023 restructed scheme & web portal launched recently. The award is to acknowledge, recognize and reward the extraordinary and innovative work done by Districts/ Organizations of the Central and State Governments. The Award Scheme restructured to recognize the performance of the District Colle
Prelims Facts 25 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Mayurbhanj’s Red Ant Chutney Receives GI Tag

 Context:  Recently, the Similipal Kai Chutney made with kai pimpudi (red weaver ants) by the tribal people of Odisha’s Mayurbhanj district received the geographical identity tag. News: The application was made by The Mayurbhanj Kai Society Ltd in 2020 for registration in Class 30 under sub-section (1) of section 13 of Geographical Indications of Goods (Re
Prelims Facts 24 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Food Processing & Related Industries in India

New Members of BRICS

 Context: The five new candidates of BRICS formally became members on January 1, 2024. Introduction of New Members to BRICS: Expansion of BRICS: The inclusion of five new members, namely Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, marks a significant enlargement of the BRICS alliance. Argentina's Withdrawal: Argentina has opted to retract its initia
Prelims Facts 24 Jan, 2024 GS-2 International Organization

Mannhit App

 The Union Health Minister and the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh jointly launched the Mannhit app recently. It is an initiative facilitating screening for mental health.
Prelims Facts 24 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

16th Century Telugu Inscriptions

 2 Telugu inscriptioans of 16th century found in Nallamala forest in Andhra Pradesh recently. One of the inscriptions records the construction of cradle pillars (uyyala-kambalu) to Goddess Poleramma. The other inscription seems to refer to a hero fighting with a tiger.
Prelims Facts 24 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Ancient History

Krizna Jama Cave

 Krizna Jama, also known as Cross Cave or Cold Cave under Cross Mountain, is a cave in Slovenia. It's located in the Loz Valley, between the Loz Karst Field, Cerknica Karst Field, and Bloke Plateau. Krizna Jama is the 4th biggest known underground ecosystem in the world in terms of biodiversity.
Prelims Facts 23 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

The DART Book & Food Safety on Wheels (FSW)

 Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has recently released “The Detect Adulteration with Rapid Test (DART) Book” & Food Safety on Wheels (FSW). DART booklet is a compilation of common quick tests for detection of food adulterants by the citizens themselves so as to induce awareness among the consumers about food safety. A mobile food testing van calle
Prelims Facts 23 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Cassava(Tapioca)

 Context: On January 8, 2024, the ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI) issued a cautionary advisory regarding the feeding of animals with cassava, commonly known as tapioca. About Tapioca Plant: Tapioca is a significant horticulture crop extensively cultivated on nearly 3 lakh hectares in Tamil Nadu, yielding an annual production of 60 lakh tonnes. It holds global importa
Prelims Facts 22 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Major Crops Cropping Patterns in Various Parts of the Country

Indrayani river

 Context: The reappearance of toxic foam in the Indrayani River has revived concerns about pollution in the region. About Indrayani River : Geographical Setting: The Indrayani River serves as a tributary of the Bhima River, a significant contributor to the Krishna River. Originating near Lonavla in Kurvande village amidst the Sahyadri mountains of Maharashtra, the river depends on rainfa
Prelims Facts 22 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

MV Vasiliy Golovnin

 MV Vasiliy Golovnin, an expedition vessel chartered by India, commenced its journey recently. The journey is from Cape Town to Antarctica for the 43rd Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA) Voyage. The expedition includes 21 members from India, two from Mauritius, and one from Bangladesh.
Prelims Facts 22 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Moradabad brass

 Moradabad brass is a small-scale, low-technology industry that has been growing since the early 19th century. Moradabad city is known as the "City of Brass" or Pital Nagri for its large-scale brass works. It was established in 1600 by Murad, the son of the Mughal Emperor Shahjahan, as a result the city came to known as Moradabad. The British took the art t
Prelims Facts 22 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Jalikattu

 Context: Jallikattu, the traditional bull-taming sport, kicked off the year in Tamil Nadu with an event in Thachankurichi village featuring 500 bulls and heavy security. About: Jallikattu is a traditional sport deeply rooted in the culture of Tamil Nadu, India. Celebrated during the Tamil harvest festival, Pongal, in January, the event involves releasing a wild bull into a crowd. Pa
Prelims Facts 21 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

PRASADAM

 Union Minister of Health & Family Welfare inaugurates the country’s 1st Healthy & Hygienic Food Street, 'PRASADAM,' in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. The street will serve traditional dishes made of coarse grains like rajgira, sanwa, kuttu, ragi, dal-baffle, and more.
Prelims Facts 21 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Superconductivity

 Context: A group of scientists affiliated with research institutes in China and Japan have reported finding a sign of superconductivity in a material that was at the centre of a controversy last year over similar claims. The sign in question is called the Meissner effect.  About: Superconductivity is an inherent property found in various materials, including chemical elements (e.g., mer
Prelims Facts 20 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Investment bankers

 An investment banker is an individual who often works as part of a financial institution and is primarily concerned with raising capital for corporations, governments, or other entities. Examples of investment banker employers - Goldman Sachs (GS), Morgan Stanley (MS), JPMorgan Chase (JPM), Bank of America Merrill Lynch (BAC), and Deutsche Bank (DB).
Prelims Facts 20 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA)

 National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) was set up as a registered society under the Societies Registration Act of 1860 on 2005 with a mandate of creating dope-free sports in India.
Prelims Facts 20 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

GI-Tagged Products from Odisha

 Context: Seven products from Odisha, including traditional foods and handicrafts, have received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag. About Geographical Indication (GI) Tag: A Geographical Indication (GI) is a label affixed to products originating from a specific geographical location, possessing unique qualities or a reputation attributable to that origin. Nodal Agency and Legal Framewor
Prelims Facts 19 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Economic Geography

India’s First Healthy & Hygienic Food Street

 Context: Recently, the Union Minister for Health & Family Welfare, inaugurated India’s first Healthy & Hygienic Food Street, ‘PRASADAM,’ at Neelkanth Van, Mahakal Lok, in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh.  Objectives of the Initiative: The primary goal of the Prasadam initiative is to establish a connection among people across the nation by providing access
Prelims Facts 19 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Health Ministry Steps Up Fight Against Zoonotic Diseases

 Context: As per the Union Health Ministry, 75% of new infectious diseases that have emerged over the past three decades have been zoonotic, and the Ministry is increasing its focus on zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases They are the infections transmitted between humans and animals. These infections result from various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, an
Prelims Facts 19 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Krishnarajasagar (KRS) dam

 Context: Karnataka HC bans mining activity near KRS reservoir. High Court says ban will apply even on existing mining licences, adding, it will be in force till the completion of a study by experts and decision taken by the State committee on dam safety. About Krishnaraja Sagar (KRS) Dam: Krishnaraja Sagar (KRS) Dam is a gravity dam. Situated below the confluence of the Kaveri River wit
Prelims Facts 19 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Economic Geography

Bobbili Veena

 The Bobbili veena is a large plucked string instrument used in Carnatic classical music, also known as the Saraswati veena and is named after the town of Bobbili, where it was invented. In 2011, the Government of India gave the instrument a Geographical Indication tag. The Bobbili veena is known for its distinctive notes and fine tune which is made from a single pie
Prelims Facts 19 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

National Birds Day

 January 5 is observed as National Birds Day introduced by U.S.A in 2002 and followed in some parts of the world. It is aimed at raising awareness for the conservation of avian species that have been adversely affected by habitat destruction, reducing food choices and climate change. The theme of the National Birds Day 2024 is ‘Right to Fight’. Birds in N
Prelims Facts 19 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Show Cause Notice by Financial Intelligence Unit

 Context: India’s Financial Intelligence Unit has issued show-cause notices to nine offshore crypto-currency operators, including Binance, for not complying with the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA). News: Show Cause Notices for compliance have been sent to nine offshore Virtual Digital Assets Service Providers (VDA SPs) under Section 13 o
Prelims Facts 18 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Small finance bank

 Context: Recently, Small finance bank (SFB) campaigns were launched.The initiative aims to showcase the achievements of Small Finance Banks (SFBs) in terms of their business models to various stakeholders. About Small Finance Bank (SFB): Small Finance Banks are financial institutions dedicated to providing financial services in regions that are underserved and unbanked. They are i
Prelims Facts 18 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

X-65

 The X-65 is an experimental jet aircraft developed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA) Control of Revolutionary Aircraft with Novel Effectors (CRANE) program. It is a full-scale aircraft to demonstrate a new method of flight control that uses no external moving parts.
Prelims Facts 18 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Hot Jupiters

 Hot Jupiters are a class of exoplanets that have features similar to Jupiter, but are much closer to their host star & its upper atmosphere is hotter than 1,800 degrees Celcius. The harsh ultraviolet radiation from its star is heating the planet’s upper atmosphere, which in turn causes magnesium and iron gas to escape into space. The star’s powerful gr
Prelims Facts 18 Jan, 2024 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

PM SVANidhi

 Context: Union Minister of Housing & Urban Affairs inaugurated India’s first ‘Zero Waste Street Food Festival’ in Delhi ,highlighted the role of Prime Minister Street Vendor's AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) Scheme in empowerment of street vendors. Key Features of PM-SVANidhi: - The PM-SVANidhi is a Central Sector Scheme, fully funded by the Ministry of Housing and Ur
Prelims Facts 17 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Warli painting

 Context: Warli Whisperers, an exhibition by the Inherited Arts Forum, traces the artistic journey of the celebrated Mashe family from Maharashtra About: Origin: Warli art, until the 1970s, focused on representing the joy and happiness of the Warli Tribes' lives. Traditionally, women practiced this art form. Method: Cow dung layers serve as the canvas, painted in mud brown for the ba
Prelims Facts 17 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Anamalai Tiger Reserve

 Context: Forest officials in the Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR) rescued a wild elephant calf who was found separated from the herd About Anamalai Tiger Reserve: - Location:         The Anamalai Tiger Reserve is a protected area situated at an elevation of 1400 m in the Anamalai Hills within Pollachi and Coimbatore Districts of Tamil Nadu. Positioned to the s
Prelims Facts 17 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

International Braille Day

 World Braille Day is celebrated on January 4th to commemorate the birthday of Louis Braille, the inventor of braille. The day recognizes the importance of braille as a means of communication and the roale it plays in the lives of blind and visually impaired people. Braille is a tactile representation of alphabetic and numerical symbols using 6 dots to represent each letter
Prelims Facts 17 Jan, 2024 GS-1 World History

PSLV-C58 XPoSat mission

 Context:  The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) kicked off the new year with the launch of the PSLV-C58 X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat) on January 1, 2024. On January 1, 2024, the PSLV-C58 mission achieved success, placing the primary satellite, XPoSat, into the intended orbit of 650 km with a 6-degree inclination The successful launch of XPoSat makes India the second
Prelims Facts 16 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology

Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs)

 Context: Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued its list of Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs). News: In the recent update by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), both the State Bank of India (SBI) and HDFC Bank have been reclassified to higher tiers, while ICICI Bank maintains its existing categorization from the previous year The revised classifications pla
Prelims Facts 16 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Relating to Growth, Development & Employment

Project ‘Veer Gatha’

 The 3rd edition of Project ‘Veer Gatha’, a joint initiative of Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Education will take part in Republic Day celebrations. Project Veer Gatha is a project that was established in 2021 under the Gallantry Awards Portal (GAP). Aim – To disseminate the details of the bravery and sacrifice of the Gallantry Awardees (So
Prelims Facts 16 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Pariksha Pe Charcha 2024

 Pariksha Pe Charcha (PPC) is an annual event where Prime Minister Narendra Modi interacts with students, teachers, and parents. Students of Classes 6 to 12 are eligible to participate in this event. The event is part of the larger movement, 'Exam Warriors', which aims to create a stress-free environment for young people. PPC 2024 is the 7th ed
Prelims Facts 16 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Radiocarbon dating

 Context: The technology allowed scholars a clearer and measurable view of the past, clarifying the history of human migration, the rise and fall of civilisations, and undulations of the earth’s climate About: Radiocarbon dating, also known as carbon-14 dating, is a scientific method employed to precisely ascertain the age of organic materials, with its accuracy extending to around 6
Prelims Facts 15 Jan, 2024 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

PLI scheme

 Context: The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) program for the automobile sector has been extended by one year through March 2028.  News: The extension of the original five-year scheme, initially covering the period from 2022-23 to 2026-27, will remain effective until 2027-28. This extension provides companies with additional time to capitalize on the Production-Linked Incenti
Prelims Facts 15 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Operation Prosperity Guardian

 Context: The US Secretary of State announced a joint maritime security initiative called Operation Prosperity Guardian to aid the safe movement of ships in the Red Sea. This follows missile and drone attacks by Yemen’s Iran-aligned Houthis. About: Countries Involved: The U.K., Bahrain, Canada, France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Seychelles, and Spain are participating. Joint Patr
Prelims Facts 15 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

Joint Military Exercise Desert Cyclone Between India and UAE

 Context: The inaugural edition of joint military exercise ‘Desert Cyclone 2024’ involving India and the UAE is set to occur in Rajasthan from January 2 to January 15. About Desert Cyclone 2024 : Counter-Terrorism Operations:   - The focus of the joint exercise is on counter-terrorism operations, encompassing missions such as joint planning, opera
Prelims Facts 15 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

Tur dal procurement portal

 Cooperation ministry recently launched a portal through which farmers can sell tur dal to government procurement agencies at the minimum support price (MSP) or market price, whichever is higher. Govt. Procurement agencies - National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India (Nafed) or National Cooperative Consumers’ Federation of India (NCCF).
Prelims Facts 15 Jan, 2024 GS-3 E-Technology in the Aid of Farmers, Technology Missions

Alvaro

 Alvaro, the 1st cyclone of 2024, made landfall near Morombe in Madagascar recently. Mozambique named the cyclone Alvaro. Resilience and Preparedness to tropical cyclones across Southern Africa (REPRESA) is an international initiative that aims to improve community preparedness for tropical cyclones in Southern Africa.
Prelims Facts 15 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

Clean energy target by Himachal Pradesh

 The Himachal Pradesh government made 2 major decisions recently. All government offices have been prohibited from purchasing petrol or diesel vehicles since January 1. Simultaneously, under another scheme, people will be paid Rs 20,000 per month if they donate 3 bighas of land for the construction of a solar power plant. These decisions have been taken to make Himachal Prades
Prelims Facts 15 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency & Accountability

Hattis get ST tag

 Context: The state government of Himachal Pradesh has finally issued notification to give Scheduled Tribe (ST) status to the Hatti community of Trans-Giri area of Sirmaur district. Background: The residents of the Trans-Giri area were demanding ST status on the lines of the Jaunsar-Bawar area of  . Uttarakhand granted in 1967 itself. Both Trans-Giri and J
Prelims Facts 14 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Communalism, Regionalism & Secularism

GolDN

 IIT Bombay has developed an instrument, GolDN (pronounced as Golden) for melt-mixing of waste thermoplastic polymers and inorganic particulate fillers to manufacture polymer composites. GolDN is a single screw extruder that mechanically recycles waste plastic polymers through melt-mixing. The instrument can manufacture composites from thermoplastic waste that can be molded
Prelims Facts 14 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Zosurabalpin

 Researchers have identified a new class of antibiotics named Zosurabalpin with the potential to tackle a drug-resistant bacterium, Acinetobacter baumannii recently. It inhibits the transport of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules. Zosurabalpin was found to be effective against CRAB (carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii)-induced pneumonia and sepsis in mice
Prelims Facts 14 Jan, 2024 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

No sale of blood

 The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) said that blood at hospitals or private banks and centres is “not for sale” but allowed for a “processing charge”. The revised guidelines said that processing fees can be charged for blood or blood components, which ranges from Rs 250 to Rs 1,550. The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation
Prelims Facts 14 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Savitribai Phule and Rani Velu Nachiyar

 Context: The Prime Minister paid tributes to Savitribai Phule and Rani Velu Nachiyar on their Jayanti. Savitribai Phule Savitribai Phule was a Maharashtra-based social reformer and educator who, along with her husband Jyotirao Phule, played a significant role in promoting women's rights in India. Here are some key points about her life and work: - Born on January 3, 1831, in Naigaon,
Prelims Facts 13 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Social Empowerment

SMART 2.0

 Context: The Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS) along with National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM) has launched 'SMART 2.0' (Scope for Mainstreaming Ayurveda Research among Teaching professionals) program to promote robust clinical studies in priority areas of Ayurveda with Ayurveda academic institutions/hospitals across the country throu
Prelims Facts 13 Jan, 2024 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Kuppa Pumped Hydro Storage Project

 NHPC Limited and Gujarat govt sign MoU for Rs.4,000 crore in the proposed 750 MW Kuppa Pumped Hydro Storage Project in Chhota Udaipur, Gujarat. It aims to utilize pumped hydro storage projects for energy storage and addressing. It is a part of “Vibrant Gujarat” initiative.
Prelims Facts 13 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

North India's 1st Biotech Industrial Park

 North India’s 1st industrial biotech park inaugurated in Jammu and Kashmir’s Kathua recently. Biotech Parks offer facilities to scientists and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) for technology incubation, demonstration, and pilot plant studies. The parks are established to facilitate product advancement and innovation through the development of biot
Prelims Facts 13 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Inclusive Growth & Issues Arising From It

Argentina Withdraws From BRICS

 Context: The newly elected far-right President of Argentina, Javier Milei, pulled out of plans to join the BRICS bloc. Argentina was set to join on January 1, 2024. Reasons for withdrawal: The decision to join BRICS had been taken by the previous administration, and the new dispensation was reviewing such policies. Milei cited China's communist ideology as a p
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2024 GS-2 International Organization

India Pakistan Exchange list of Nuclear Installations

 Context: India and Pakistan exchanged the list of nuclear installations, covered under the Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations and Facilities. About: India and Pakistan have a history of exchanging lists of their nuclear installations under a bilateral pact that prohibits the two sides from attacking each other's atomic facilities. This agreemen
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2024 GS-2 India and its Neighborhood – Relations

Matarbari Port

 Context: India is considering proposals to connect Bangladesh’s Matarbari Port to Northeastern States. About: Matarbari Port is a deep-sea port under construction at Matarbari in Maheshkhali Upazila of Cox's Bazar District, Bangladesh. Some key details about the port include: - Type of harbor: Artificial - Construction started in 2011 - Located near the Bay of Bengal
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2024 GS-2 India and its Neighborhood – Relations

Vazhakulam variety

 Vazhakulam pineapple is a pineapple grown in the Vazhakulam area of Kerala, India. The pineapple is unique in aroma, flavour and sweetness due to its high sugar content and low acidity. Vazhakulam is considered as the biggest pineapple market in India. It got its GI tag in 2009.
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Czech Republic

 The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe with its capital Prague. It borders Poland, Germany, Austria, and Slovakia. With a lack of natural lakes, reservoirs are important in the Czech Republic.
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Geography Mapping

PRERANA program

 Prerana is a week-long residential program for 20 selected students (10 boys and 10 girls) of class IX to XII, aimed at empowering them with leadership qualities. Ministry – Ministry of Education. Prerana program will run from a Vernacular School, established in 1888, in one of the oldest living cities of India, Vadnagar, in Gujarat. The curriculum of Prerana Schoo
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Education and Research Network (ERNET)

 The Education and Research Network is an autonomous scientific society of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. ERNET was established in 1986 to provide a networking infrastructure for the research and education community with its headquarters are in New Delhi. ERNET's mandate is to support the needs of academic and research institutions thr
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Cyber kidnapping

 Cyber kidnapping is a type of cybercrime where attackers gain unauthorized access to computer systems or data and then demand ransom. In cyber kidnapping, online attackers target victims and force them into isolating themselves to demand ransom from their families. They monitor the victims through video chat and use pictures captured by them in isolated conditions to extort money from th
Prelims Facts 11 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Basics of Cyber Security

Starlink

 Starlink is a satellite internet network operated by SpaceX, an American aerospace company. It provides coverage to over 70 countries and aims to provide high-speed internet coverage to every part of the world. It also aims to provide global mobile phone service after 2023.
Prelims Facts 11 Jan, 2024 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Perihelion

 The Earth reached its perihelion, or the closest point in its orbit around the Sun recently. Perihelion occurs in early January, about 2 weeks after the Winter Solstice.
Prelims Facts 11 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

Extension of Bharatmala Phase 1

 Context: Phase 1 of the Bharatmala project deadline has been extended by six years, to FY 2027-28.  News: Project Initiation: The first phase of Bharatmala, unveiled in 2017, aimed for completion by 2022. Estimated Cost Approval: The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) sanctioned the initial phase with an estimated cost of Rs 5.35 trillion. Cost Overrun: The Public Inves
Prelims Facts 10 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Development Processes & the Development Industry

Sanjauli-Dhalli Tunnel

 Context: Recently, the Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh inaugurated the newly-constructed Sanjauli-Dhalli tunnel. About  Sanjauli-Dhalli Tunnel: Description: A double-lane tunnel spanning approximately 150 meters, constructed at an estimated cost of Rs 47 crore. Existing Dhalli Tunnel: Originally built in 1852 as a single-lane passage, the older Dhalli tunnel had exceed
Prelims Facts 10 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Infrastructure

Scope for Mainstreaming Ayurveda Research among Teaching professionals (‘SMART 2.0’)

 The Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS) along with National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM) has launched 'SMART 2.0' recently. The program aims to promote robust clinical studies in priority areas of Ayurveda with Ayurveda academic institutions/hospitals across the country through mutual collaboration.
Prelims Facts 10 Jan, 2024 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Fog Pass Device

 A Fog Pass Device is a GPS-based navigation device that helps train loco pilot navigate through dense fog. It provides on-board real-time information (Display as well as voice guidance) to Loco Pilots. It gives information regarding location of fixed landmarks such as Signal, Level Crossing gate (Manned & Unmanned), Permanent Speed Restrictions, Neutral Sections e
Prelims Facts 10 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Mountain Green Cover Index (MGCI)

 Recently National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) signed a 3-year MoU with the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) to develop & report a Green Cover Index for National highways. MGCI is a metric that measures the amount of green vegetation in mountain areas (forest, shrubs, trees, pasture land, crop land, etc.) in order to monitor progress towards the mountain targe
Prelims Facts 10 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Infrastructure

82nd session of Indian History Congress

 Context: The 82nd Session of Indian History Congress(IHC) began at Kakatiya University in Warangal. News: Kakatiya University is set to host the Indian History Congress (IHC) after a hiatus of 30 years. The IHC is an annual two-day conference scheduled to commence on December 28 and conclude on December 30. The conference will feature discussion panels covering var
Prelims Facts 09 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Separation of Powers Between Various Organs

Zero coupon zero principle

 Context: Capital markets regulator Sebi on Thursday came out with a procedure for public issuance of 'zero coupon zero principle' instruments by not-for-profit organisations (NPOs) and listing of such instruments on the Social Stock Exchange (SSE). News: Instruments issued in dematerialized form are non-transferable. The minimum issue size for such instruments is set a
Prelims Facts 09 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Economic Index

Govt extends export benefits under RoDTEP scheme to ecommerce exporters

 Context: The government announced the extension of export benefits under the RoDTEP scheme for ecommerce exports through post or couriers. News: The RoDTEP scheme, implemented three years ago, involves the refund of non-creditable central, state, and local levies embedded in exporters' inputs. Currently, e-commerce exporters are excluded from RoDTEP benefits. The Commerce Ministry
Prelims Facts 09 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Kochi-Lakshadweep Islands Submarine Optical Fiber Connection

 PM Inaugurates Kochi-Lakshadweep Islands Submarine Optical Fiber Connection and dedicates Low Temperature Thermal Desalination (LTTD) plant at Kadmat recently Kochi-Lakshadweep Islands Submarine Optical Fiber connection will lead to faster Internet for the people of Lakshadweep. The project is funded by Universal Services Obligation Fund (USOF), Department of Telecommunications.
Prelims Facts 09 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Savitribai Phule & Rani Velu Nachiyar

 Savitribai Phule Savitribai Phule (1831 - 1897) was a social reformer, poet in Maharastra. She is considered the 1st female teacher in India and is known as the mother of Indian feminism. Rani Velu Nachiyar Rani Velu Nachiyar was the 1st queen to fight against the British colonial power in India. She is known by Tamils as Veeramangai, who was the pr
Prelims Facts 09 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Modern India

DIVYA KALA MELA-2023

 Context: Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities through National Divyangjan Finance and Development Corporation (NDFDC, an apex corporation under (DEPwD) is organizing a unique event showcasing the products and craftsmanship of Divyang entrepreneurs/artisans from across the country, ‘Divya Kala Mela’ from 29th December 2023 – 7th January 2024 in Sur
Prelims Facts 08 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

National Youth Award 2024

 Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports has selected Bisathi Bharat of Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh for the National Youth Award (NYA) recently. It is an award conferred annually to individuals and voluntary organisations serving in the arena of youth development.
Prelims Facts 08 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Social Empowerment

South Coast Railway Zone

 The South Coast Railway (SCoR) Zone is India's 18th railway zone, and its headquarters are in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. It was announced in 2019 and still not started yet.
Prelims Facts 08 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Infrastructure

Amendment of Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules, 2021

 The Union government has now amended the Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules of 2021. It is to allow women government servants and pensioners to nominate their children for receiving family pension over their spouse. Conditions – At the time of the women’s death, any proceedings for divorce, domestic violence, or dowry demands happen to be pending against the said spouse
Prelims Facts 08 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Role of Civil Services in a Democracy

CZA allows Odisha’s Nandankanan to receive cheetah, African lion from Dubai Safari

 Context: The Central Zoo Authority has allowed the Odisha government to carry out the planned transfer of a cheetah, African lion and Chimpanzee from Dubai Safari Park (DSP) to Nandankanan Zoological Park (NZP), Bhubaneswar. The CZA has asked the wildlife wing of the State Forest and Environment Department to keep requisite housing facilities ready in accordance with its guideline. News: &
Prelims Facts 07 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Noma

 Context: The World Health Organization (WHO) on December 15, 2023 added one of the world’s most underrecognised health challenges, noma, to its official list of neglected tropical diseases (NTD). Context: The World Health Organization (WHO) on December 15, 2023 added one of the world’s most underrecognised health challenges, noma, to its official list of neglected tropical diseases
Prelims Facts 07 Jan, 2024 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Enhanced tiger population at Valmiki Tiger reserve

 Context: The increase in tiger numbers in the Valmiki Tiger Reserve in Bihar was facilitated by diminished human activity, including bans on mining. In VTR, the status of tiger conservation has seen significant improvements: Mining Restrictions: Strict measures, including a complete ban on sand and stone mining within VTR, along with rigorous restrictions on mining activities in its eco-sens
Prelims Facts 07 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Ayushman Bhav Campaign

 Context: In a significant milestone, more than 5 crore ABHA accounts have been created during the ongoing Ayushman Bhava campaign. In addition, a total of 4,44,92,564 Ayushman cards have been generated and 1,15,923 Ayushman Sabha organized. About the campaign Universal Health Coverage (UHC) Goal:  Ayushman Bhava follows a collaborative, multi-ministerial approach. Aligned with the mo
Prelims Facts 07 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Perovskite

 Context: Indian scientists have indigenously developed organic-inorganic halide perovskite self-powered broadband photodetector with partial substitution of lead by magnesium which can be useful for solar energy generation. News: Introduction of Eco-Friendly Alternative: The research address issues with toxic lead in organic-inorganic halide perovskite (MAPbI3). It propose a
Prelims Facts 07 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology

The Kharsawan massacre of 1948

 The Kharsawan massacre occurred on January 1, 1948 in the town of Kharsawan, which is now part of Jharkhand. The massacre was similar to the Jallianwala Bagh incident in 1919. The massacre occurred during a protest against the merger of Kharsawan with Odisha. Police opened fire on a crowd of Adivasis, killing hundreds or possibly thousands.
Prelims Facts 07 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country

Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki

 Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki is a mountain in Indonesia. It is part of the Lewotobi twin volcano, which is located in the southeastern part of Flores Island. The Lewotobi twin volcano is made up of the Lewotobi Laki-Laki (male) and Lewotobi Perempuan (female) stratovolcanoes, with summit craters less than 2 km apart. Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki in Indonesia has erupted several times
Prelims Facts 07 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

PM interacts with beneficiaries of Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra

 Context: Since its launch on 15th November, 2023, Prime Minister has regularly interacted with the beneficiaries of the Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra all across the country.  The interaction has happened thrice through video conferencing (30th November, 9th December and 16th December). Also, Prime Minister has interacted with Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra beneficiaries physically on two consecuti
Prelims Facts 06 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Social Empowerment

Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat) portal

 Context: Registration of youth on the Mera Yuva Bharat portal has crossed 35 Lakhs About the portal: The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports has launched a tech-driven platform Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat) portal, aimed at fostering youth development and empowering young people to lead positive change. Key Goals: Developing Youth Leaders: To nurture leadership skills and equip
Prelims Facts 06 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Social Empowerment

Sweden moves a step closer to NATO membership after Turkey's parliamentary committee gives approval

 Context: Sweden’s NATO bid had been stalled amid opposition from Turkiye and Hungary A crucial committee in the Turkish Parliament, on December 26, granted approval for Sweden's NATO membership bid after facing delays. The approval comes amid obstacles posed by Turkey and Hungary against Sweden's NATO accession. The Turkish parliament's foreign affairs committee gav
Prelims Facts 06 Jan, 2024 GS-2 International Organization

Ennore ammonia gas leak | NGT takes suo motu cognisance

 Context: Based on media reports of several people from Periakuppam, Ernavur, Burma Nagar experiencing breathlessness and eye and skin irritation after leakage of ammonia from gas pipelines of the unit, the NGT on December 27 issued directions to the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) to file a report on the incident.  News: A gas leakage occurred in the subsea pipeline of Cor
Prelims Facts 06 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Seperate Toilets for women in district courts

 Nearly 1/5th of the district courts in India lack separate toilets for women, according to a report published by the Centre for Research and Planning of the Supreme Court recently. The Centre for Research and Planning will serve as a bridge between academic research, legal and judicial education and the judicial systems.
Prelims Facts 06 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency & Accountability

PM Vishwakarma

 Jammu and Kashmir has become the first Union Territory (UT) to implement the PM VishwakarmaYojana (PMVY) recently. It is an initiative that aims to empower and enhance the skills of the craftsman community (Vishwakarmas). 18 traditional trades will be covered in the first instance under PM Vishwakarma.
Prelims Facts 06 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

One off-key conduct by in-laws cannot be called cruelty under Section 498A: Supreme Court

 Context: The apex court was hearing the appeal of a woman who was accused by her newly-wed sister-in-law of using foul language and dumping the latter’s belongings in the dustbin The Issue: The Supreme Court of India ruled that a single instance of bad behavior, including using foul language and disposing of another's belongings, does not amount to "cruelty" under Section 49
Prelims Facts 05 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Indian Constitution

Electronic soil

 Context: Researchers have developed a new electronics soil that was found to increase the growth of barley seedlings by 50 per cent in a new study. News: A new eSoil, developed by the Electronic Plants group at Linköping University, enhances barley seedling growth by an average of 50% in hydroponic cultivation. The low-power bioelectronic scaffolding, called eSoil, is designed for
Prelims Facts 05 Jan, 2024 GS-3 E-Technology in the Aid of Farmers, Technology Missions

Govt directs social media platforms to comply with IT rules amid concerns over deepfakes

 Context: The advisory by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) mandates that intermediaries communicate prohibited content, particularly those specified under Rule 3(1)(b) of the IT Rules, clearly and precisely to users. News: The Indian government issued an advisory to social media platforms regarding compliance with IT rules, specifically addressing concerns abo
Prelims Facts 05 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Basics of Cyber Security

Russian oil import at 8-month low in October as discount falls, OPEC share up

 Context:  According to an analysis of India’s official trade data by The Indian Express, Russia’s share in India’s oil imports (by volume) in October was 31.9 per cent, down from 34.8 per cent in September. News: Russian Share Decline: Russia's share in India's oil imports dropped to 31.9% in October, an eight-month low.This decline continued for four consec
Prelims Facts 05 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

India, Russia ink pacts on construction of future power units of Kudankulam nuclear plant

 Context: External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, who is on a five-day visit to Russia, made the announcement after his "comprehensive and productive" meeting with Deputy Prime Minister Denis Manturov on the bilateral economic cooperation during which they witnessed signing of agreements on nuclear power and in areas of medicines, pharmaceutical substances and medical devices. Ku
Prelims Facts 05 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

Inoperative account by RBI

 A savings or current account is treated as inoperative, if there are no ‘customer induced transactions’ in the account for a period of over 2 years. A customer induced transaction can be a financial transaction initiated by or done at the Behest of the account holder by the bank or third party, or A non-financial transaction, or A KYC (know your
Prelims Facts 05 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Inclusive Growth & Issues Arising From It

Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA)

 RGIA in Hyderabad was ranked 2nd among the top 20 global airports with the highest On-Time Performance (OTP), according to Cirium’s annual report released recently. On-time performance (OTP) is a measure of how punctual an airline's flights are compared to their scheduled times. A flight is considered on-time if it arrives or departs within 15 minutes of its sche
Prelims Facts 05 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Infrastructure

INS Imphal

 CONTEXT: INS Imphal to be commissioned today. Its capabilities, and the strategic significance of Visakhapatnam class of destroyers Commissioning marks the day that a ship joins active service. INS Imphal, the third ship of the Visakhapatnam class stealth-guided missile destroyers (Project 15B), is set to be commissioned into the Indian Navy. The class is designed by the Indian Navy
Prelims Facts 04 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Nation’s first interstate multi-modal transport hub coming up near Delhi airport

 CONTEXT: The proposed hub located near the GMR Aerocity will provide connectivity through an Interstate Bus Terminus, Delhi Metro, the proposed Passenger Transport Centre, and proposed Rapid Rail Transit System station. Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL) plans to develop India's first multi-modal interstate transport hub near Aerocity, focusing on integrating bus, metro, and air
Prelims Facts 04 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Veer Bal Diwas

 Veer Bal Diwas CONTEXT: Union Minister of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare and Tribal Affairs Shri Arjun Munda participated in the historic programme marking Veer Bal Diwas at Gurudwara Saheeb Baba Deep Singh Ji at Jamshedpur, Jharkhand today. Veer Bal Diwas is commemorated annually on December 26th to honor the sacrifice of Guru Gobind Singh's four sons, who bravely fought ag
Prelims Facts 04 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Social Empowerment

All-Girls Sainik School

 Defence Minister recently inaugurated the Samvid Gurukulam Girls Sainik School, the 1st all-girls Sainik School, at Vrindavan in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh. Sainik Schools are residential schools that provide public school education with a military bias. They are affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and are supported by Central and State funding.
Prelims Facts 04 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

EXERCISE ‘DESERT CYCLONE’

 1st edition of Exercise Desert Cyclone held recently in Rajasthan. It is a Joint Military Exercise between India & UAE. Aim – To focus on enhancing interoperability and sharing best practices in Urban Operations.
Prelims Facts 04 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

Ketamine

 Context: Ketamine drug was reported to be involved in actor Matthew Perry’s death recently.In recent years, ketamine has been a subject of widespread debate due to its growing use for treating depression and other serious mental health issues. About ketamine: Ketamine, classified as an anaesthetic and hallucinogen by the US Drug Enforcement Administration, is derived from Phenc
Prelims Facts 03 Jan, 2024 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Chairman of Finance Commission

 Centre appoints former NITI Aayog Vice Chairman Arvind Panagariya as Chairman of 16th Finance Commission recently. The Finance Commission of India is a constitutional body that allocates revenues between the central and state governments. It was established in 1951 by the President of India under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution.
Prelims Facts 03 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Appointment to Various Constitutional Posts

Leap Year, 2024

 A leap year has 366 days in a year as opposed to the regular 365 days. The extra day is added to February, the shortest month of the year, as February 29.
Prelims Facts 03 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

IEC Campaign on Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN)

 Context: The Union Ministry of Tribal Affairs has launched an Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) campaign for the Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM-JANMAN). News: The campaign aims to reach 22,000 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) majority tribal habitations and families in 200 districts nationwide. PM-JANMAN was inaugurated on November 15,
Prelims Facts 02 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Social Empowerment

PM releases ‘Collected Works of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya’ on occasion of his 162nd birth anniversary

 Context: The bilingual work in 11 volumes, spread across about 4,000 pages, is a collection of the writings and speeches of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, collected from every nook and corner of the country. These volumes comprise his unpublished letters, articles and speeches, including memorandums; the editorial content of Hindi weekly ‘Abhyudaya’ started by him in 1907; articles, pamp
Prelims Facts 02 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Modern India

Valmiki

 Valmiki, also known as Maharishi Valmiki, is a legendary poet and revered sage in Hindu mythology. He is known as the author of the epic poem Ramayana, and is revered as the 1st poet in Sanskrit literature. He is called as the Adikavi or First Poet - the Poet of Poets of India. Valmiki's birth anniversary is celebrated every year on Ashwin Purnima.
Prelims Facts 02 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Ancient History

Warli tribe

 The Warli are an indigenous of Maharashtra and Gujarat. The name "Warli" comes from the word "Warla", which means "piece of land" or "field". The Warli are considered by some to be a sub-caste of the Bhil tribe, and their history dates back to the 10th century AD. The Warli people speak Varli or Warli, an Indo-Aryan language.
Prelims Facts 02 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Social Empowerment

MedTech Mitra

 Context: The Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare and Chemicals & Fertilizers, Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, virtually inaugurated 'MedTech Mitra,' a strategic initiative aimed at empowering MedTech innovators and advancing healthcare solutions. About: The platform, MedTech Mitra, serves as a support system for young talents, guiding them in shaping their research, knowledge
Prelims Facts 01 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

National Cooperative Dairy Federation of India (NCDFI)

 National Cooperative Dairy Federation of India (NCDFI) was registered on 1970 under the Bombay Cooperative Societies Act (VII of 1925). Headquarters - New Delhi. NCDFI is an apex body of cooperative dairies. Members - NCDFI members include federal dairy cooperatives of states and union territories.
Prelims Facts 01 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Ministries and Departments of the Government

Tehreek-e-Hurriyat

 The Ministry of Home Affairs has officially declared ‘Tehreek-e-Hurriyat (TeH)' as an 'unlawful association' for the next 5 years under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act. Tehreek-e-Hurriyat Jammu Wa Kashmir is a separatist political party in Jammu and Kashmir, India founded by Syed Ali Shah Geelani.
Prelims Facts 01 Jan, 2024 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Guinness World Record in Gujarat

 Gujarat set a Guinness World Record recently after more than 50,000 people performed 'Surya Namaskar' simultaneously at 108 venues. Surya Namaskar or sun salutation is an ancient Yogic practice of paying respect to the rising sun and comprises different postures or Asanas.
Prelims Facts 01 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Indian Heritage & Culture

CHAMUNDI THEYYAM

 It is a Hindu ritual practiced in northern Kerala and some parts of Karnataka.  A Theyyam, also known as Kaliyattam or Tira is a ritualistic performance where pantheistic deities — goddesses in most part — are summoned to the body of the performing man. The form as well as the performance are known as Theyyam. The Chamundi Theyyam is performed by the Pulaya
Prelims Facts 20 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

NUCLEAR BRIEF CASE

 1. The Russian President Vladimir Putin’s recent visit to China was witnessed by his officers carrying the “nuclear briefcase”. The ‘nuclear briefcase’, also known as the ‘Cheget’ is named after a mountain in Russia. It forms a part of a larger system in place for authorising the launch of nuclear strikes. It’s part of a secured communicatio
Prelims Facts 20 Oct, 2023 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

REGIONAL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM (RRTS)

 RRTS is India’s first mass rapid system dedicated to regional connectivity. It is capable of running at speeds up to 180 km/hour with semi high-speed rail connectivity at its core. The integrated, mass transit network aims to ensure “balanced and sustainable urban development” through better connectivity and access across the NCR. The RRTS also known as Namo Bharat has b
Prelims Facts 20 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Economic Geography

DOUBLE TAXATION AVOIDANCE AGREEMENTS (DTAAS)

 It is a mutually consented upon agreement between two countries on the taxability of specified incomes which both countries claim to have the right to levy tax on. Most countries have DTAAs to overcome the issue of double taxation arising due to cross border incomes. It is also aimed to promote international trade and amplify economic relations.  DTAAs ensures that the same income is
Prelims Facts 20 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Inclusive Growth & Issues Arising From It

REFERENDUM

     It is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue where voters of a country exercise direct democracy. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative.  The referendum can deal with adoption of a new policy or specific law or be only advisory. Other methos of us
Prelims Facts 19 Oct, 2023 GS-2 Indian Constitution

COAL PRODUCTION IN INDIA

 Coal production in India is a significant part of the country's energy and industrial sectors. India has one of the world's largest coal reserves, and coal remains a crucial source of energy for power generation, as well as a key raw material for various industries, including steel and cement production. Coal production in India is mainly overseen by Coal India Limited (CIL), a state-ow
Prelims Facts 19 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Economic Geography

MINIMUM SUPPORT PRICE (MSP)

 MSP is the minimum price set by the government for certain agricultural products, at which the products would directly be bought from the farmers if the open market prices are less than the cost incurred. It fosters to insure the farmers against a steep decline in the prices of their goods and to help them prevent losses. MSP is set by the government of India twice a year for 24 commodi
Prelims Facts 19 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Issues Related to Direct & Indirect Farm Subsidies & Minimum Support Prices

THE NATIONAL COMPANY LAW TRIBUNAL (NCLT)

 NCLT has been constituted by the central govt. under section 408 of the Companies Act, 2013. The body was established based on the recommendation of the V. Balakrishna Eradi committee on law relating to the insolvency and the winding up of companies It is a quasi-judicial body that adjudicates issues relating to Indian companies. The body deals with all proceedings under th
Prelims Facts 19 Oct, 2023 GS-2 Structure, Organization & Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary

Kanha National Park

 It is also known as Kanha–Kisli National Park. It is one of the tiger reserves of India and the largest national park of the state of Madhya Pradesh and in Central India. The park hosts fauna such as Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, sloth bear, barasingha (adapted to swampy areas) and dhole. The reserve has lowland forest of a
Prelims Facts 18 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

RAFAH CROSSING

 The Rafah crossing is the only passage in and out of the Gaza Strip to Eygpt, that is not controlled by Israel. It has been recognized by the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty. As part of that treaty, a 100-meter-wide strip of land known as the Philadelphi Route was established as a buffer zone between Gaza and Egyp Gaza has been under a joint Israeli-Egyp
Prelims Facts 18 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

GAGANYAAN MISSION

 The mission involves sending astronauts into a low-earth orbit in 2025, using Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM-3). The rocket LVM-3, which will take the crew to orbit. The rocket will have ‘human rating’ of the vehicle.  An environmental control and life support system ‘ECLSS’ has been developed as a part of the system which is basically for controlling the temperat
Prelims Facts 18 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

TRANSFER OF HIGH COURT JUDGES

 The Supreme Court (SC) collegium has recommended transfer of 24 judges across various High courts in spite of requests for reconsideration of the move. Article 222 of the Constitution: Deals with transfer of a Judge (including Chief Justice) from one High Court to any other High Court. The proposal for transfer of a High Court Judge originates from the Chief Justice of India, who have a
Prelims Facts 18 Oct, 2023 GS-2 Structure, Organization & Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary

DHANAURI WETLAND

 The Dhanauri Wetlands is a birdwatching area located in Dhanauri village near Dankaur in Uttar Pradesh, India. The Dhanauri Wetlands is home to over 120 Sarus cranes Sarus Cranes is the state bird of Uttar Pradesh. IUCN status - Vulnerable CITES -Appendix ll Omnivorous, eating insects (especially grasshoppers), aquatic plants, fish (perhaps only in captivity), frogs, crus
Prelims Facts 17 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Estivation

 ``   Estivation is when animals are dormant because weather conditions are very hot and dry. Their breathing rate, heart rate and metabolic rate decrease to conserve energy under these harsh conditions. Humans estivate during the winter months as well as some of these animals.  A few animals on this list include water-holding frog the desert tortoise
Prelims Facts 17 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

KAZIRANGA SANCTUARY

 KAZIRANGA SANCTUARY     Kaziranga National Park is a national park of the state of Assam, India. The park, hosts two-thirds of the world's Indian rhinoceroses It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site It is recognized as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International for conservation of avifaunal species. The park area
Prelims Facts 17 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

SOLAR ECLIPSE

 SOLAR ECLIPSE   A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular solar eclipse occurred on October 14, 2023. Solar
Prelims Facts 17 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Physical Geography

Green Credit

 Green Credit     It is a special programme that allows an individual or entity to earn Green Credit and trade it on a dedicated exchange. Green Credit refers to a unit of an incentive provided for specified activities that deliver a positive impact on the environment. It is launched at the national level to leverage a competitive market-based approach for incentiv
Prelims Facts 16 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

CHERIYAPANI

 CHERIYAPANI     Cheriyapani is a high-speed craft will ply from Nagapattinam in T.N. to Kankesanthurai in the northern province of Sri Lanka. It shall involve a 4-hour journey between India and Sri Lanka. The vessel can accommodate 150 passengers on board and the one-way ticket for travel will cost around ₹7,670. The Nagapattinam port It
Prelims Facts 16 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

HEPATITIS C

 HEPATITIS C     Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver, a type of viral hepatitis. HCV is spread primarily by Blood-to-blood contact associated with injection drug use Poorly sterilized medical equipment Needlestick injuries in healthcare Tran
Prelims Facts 16 Oct, 2023 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

ImmunoACT

 Why in News? IIT Bombay-incubated Immunoadoptive Cell Therapy (ImmunoACT) has received Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation’s (CDSCO) marketing authorisation approval. ImmunoACT shall be the ‘first’ humanised CD19-targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy product for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas and leukaemia (blood cancer) in India.
Prelims Facts 14 Oct, 2023 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Curative petition

 What is Curative petition It acts the last resort for a petitioner for protection from the compensation of injustice in the court after the review petition is dismissed or has been exhausted. It is a judicial innovation by the Supreme Court of India in Rupa Ashok Hurra vs. Ashok Hurra and Anr. (2002) case. Such petitions are considered to cure gross miscarriage of just
Prelims Facts 14 Oct, 2023 GS-2 Structure, Organization & Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary

Sikkim flash floods - Chungthang dam

Why in News There is a popular folk tale in Sikkim about two rivers, the male Rangeet and female Rungnyu (Teesta), and how the Rangeet turned back angrily after losing a race. In 2021, a protest song gave a modern twist to this tale, referring to the Teesta's rage at hydropower projects. On October 4, 2022, the South Lhonak glacial lake in northwest Sikkim breached its embankment
Prelims Facts 14 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Gaza Strip

   Gaza strip is a narrow piece of land located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea It is bordered by Israel to the east and north, and Egypt to the southwest.  It is ranked as the third most densely populated in the world with a population of 2 million in just 365 square kilometers of land area. It is one of the two Palesti
Prelims Facts 14 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Global hunger Index

 Global hunger Index       India has been ranked 111th out of 125 countries in the Global Hunger Index 2023. The index is published on an annual basis by Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe. India has a score of 28.7, indicating a serious level of hunger, ranking after neighbouring countries of Pakistan (102nd), Bangladesh (81st), Nepal (69th) and Sri Lan
Prelims Facts 13 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Economic Index

P20 Summit

 P20 Summit     The 9th G20 Parliamentary Speakers' Summit (P20) will be inaugurated by India and will be hosted by the Parliament of India under the broader framework of India's G20 presidency. It will have 4 main sessions: Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Showcasing Achievements, Accelerating Progress Sustainable Energy Transit
Prelims Facts 13 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Adi Kailash

 Adi Kailash     Adi Kailash, also known as Shiva Kailash, Chota Kailash, Baba Kailash or Jonglingkong Peak, is a mountain located in the Himalayan Mountain range in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand, India. It is the second most important peak among the group of five separate peaks in Himalayas, others include
Prelims Facts 13 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Religion & Philosophy

Mundra Port

 Mundra Port     It is India's first private port and largest container port in India. It is located on the northern shores of the Gulf of Kutch near Mundra, Kutch district of Gujarat. Incorporated in 2003, it became India's first multi-product port-based special economic zone.  Formerly operated by Mundra Port and Speci
Prelims Facts 13 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Operation Polo

 Operation Polo     When India became free on August 15, 1947, Hyderabad remained independent citing the communal bonhomie, size of the kingdom and its infrastructure. But on September 13, 1948, Indian Army attacked from four frontiers and annexed the princely state. Hyderabad was one of wealthiest and most powerful principality which was ruled by Nizam,&
Prelims Facts 12 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Modern India

Vizhinjam port

 Vizhinjam port     It is located in Vizhinjam, Kerala and has a natural depth of 18 metres. It is a deep-sea water port developed as India’s first Mega deepwater Transshipment Container Terminal. It is the only container transshipment hub in the Indian subcontinent closest to the international shipping routes, and is centrally located on the Indian coastline
Prelims Facts 12 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Operation Ajay

 Operation Ajay     It is an ongoing operation conducted by the Indian Armed Forces to evacuate Indian citizens from Israel & palestine in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war. The government will bring back its citizens through special chartered flights. The Indian Navy shall be mobilised if need arises. Around 18,000 Indians are in Israel
Prelims Facts 12 Oct, 2023 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

GI tag for Goan Cashew

 GI tag for Goan Cashew     Goan cashew, derived from the Portuguese name ‘caju’ or ‘kaju’ in Konkani. Cashew, native to northeast Brazil in Latin America was introduced to Goa by the Portuguese in the 16th century (1570). Significance of providing GI tag for Goan Cashew: Traders and processors have to comply with the norms of quality,
Prelims Facts 12 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary

 Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary     The sanctuary lies in the Indo-Chinese transition zone and so has highly endemic and significant flora and fauna species. The sanctuary has been named after the Dibang River, a tributary of Brahmaputra River.  It lies adjacent to the Mouling National Park. Has been declared as one of the major bio-diversity hotspots of the
Prelims Facts 11 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Kamlang Tiger Reserve (TR)

 Kamlang Tiger Reserve (TR)     The Kamlang TR is present in Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh and is contiguous to the Namdhapa Tiger Reserve. It is home to all four big cats - tiger, leopard, clouded leopard and snow leopard. It also has several species of hornbills such as Rufous-necked hornbills and Wreathed hornbills that visits in the winters. 
Prelims Facts 11 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Tele Manas Seva

 Tele Manas Seva     Tele Mental Health Assistance and Networking Across States (Tele MANAS) was introduced in the Union Budget 2022. The Tele MANAS entrusted the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) to guide its overall implementation.  Ranking from first to third, in the larger States category, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh were aw
Prelims Facts 11 Oct, 2023 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

WACE pattern-Cyclones

 WACE pattern-Cyclones     Cyclogenesis is an indicator that denotes the chance of a cyclone forming. It depends on parameters such as   Sea surface temperature The ocean heat content Change in winds from the surface into the upper atmosphere (or the vertical shear) Rotation of winds near the surface. A rapid increase in the cyclogenesis p
Prelims Facts 11 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Physical Geography

PHONOTAXIS

 PHONOTAXIS     Phonotaxis is defined as the movement by an animal in response to a sound. It has usually observed among crickets, moths, frogs, and toads, among a few other creatures. Two types of phonotaxis include: Positive phonotaxis Its purpose is attraction It happens when the females of a particular species are attracted to the sounds mad
Prelims Facts 09 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

JIVITPUTRIKA FESTIVAL

 JIVITPUTRIKA FESTIVAL   Jitiya (also called Jivitputrika) is a 3 day long Hindu festival celebrated from the 7th to 9th lunar day of Krishna-Paksha in Ashvin month.  The festival is celebrated in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand as well as Nepali people of West Bengal. The three-day long fes
Prelims Facts 09 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Religion & Philosophy

THE DHOLE OR ASIATIC WILD DOG 

 THE DHOLE OR ASIATIC WILD DOG      It is the only endangered wild pack-living canid in the tropical Indian forests It is considered at high risk of extinction with endangered category on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List The diurnal activity of the dholes had the highest temporal overlap with leopards and the lowest with clou
Prelims Facts 09 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

LIDAR

 LIDAR     LIDAR stands for “light detection and ranging” or “laser imaging, detection, and ranging”. It is a method for determining ranges by targeting a surface with a laser and measuring the time for the reflected light to return to the receiver (time of flight). LIDAR scanning or 3D laser scanning involves s
Prelims Facts 08 Oct, 2023 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Radiocarbon dating

 Radiocarbon dating       Radiocarbon dating (carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon. Radiocarbon (14C) is constantly created in the Earth’s atmospher
Prelims Facts 08 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

OTOP1 protein

 OTOP1 protein     Japanese scientist Kikunae Ikeda first proposed umami as a basic taste in addition to sweet, sour, salty and bitter which was officially agreed the scientific community after 80 years. Now, it has been found that the tongue responds to ammonium chloride (salmiak salt), which has been recognised as a 6th basic sense. The tongue responds
Prelims Facts 08 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

R21 Malaria vaccine

 R21 Malaria vaccine     The R21/Matrix-M™ malaria vaccine developed by the University of Oxford and the Serum Institute of India has been recommended for use by the World Health Organization (WHO). The vaccine was developed by leveraging Novavax’s adjuvant technology. The vaccine has met the requirements of safety, quality and effectiveness standards.
Prelims Facts 08 Oct, 2023 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Global amphibian assessment

 Global amphibian assessment     The assessment is coordinated by the Amphibian Red List Authority, a branch of the Amphibian Specialist Group of the IUCN’s Species Survival Commission. The assessment has revealed that, 2 out of every 5 amphibians are threatened with extinction.  Between 2004 and 2022, a few critical threats have pushed more than
Prelims Facts 07 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

India Steel

 India Steel     Indian steel companies plan to raise prices of various grades of the alloy due to rising import costs of coking coal.  Australia accounts for over 50% of its coking coal imports of around 55-60 million metric tonne a year. India also meets its coking coal requirements by importing from Russia and the United States. India su
Prelims Facts 07 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Open Market Operations (OMO)

 Open Market Operations (OMO)     It refers to the purchase and sale of securities (treasury bills and government securities) in open market by the central bank of any country. This is done to regulate money supply in the economy. OMO is one of the most important ways of monetary control that is exercised by the central banks.  The central bank sells securit
Prelims Facts 07 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

OIML Certificates

 OIML Certificates     India (Legal Metrology Division, Department of Consumer Affairs) has become one among the 13 countries in the world to become an OIML certificate-issuing authority. OIML stands for International Organisation of Legal Metrology, established in 1955 with headquartered in Paris. OIML is an international standard-setting body that develops m
Prelims Facts 07 Oct, 2023 GS-2 Important International Institutions

Sammakka Saralamma Jatara

 Sammakka Saralamma Jatara     The Union cabinet approved the Sarakka Central Tribal University in Telangana to be set up at a cost of Rs 889 crore. The Mulugu district of Telangana holds the Sammakka Saralamma Jatara, a biennial festival. The jatara is considered among the largest gatherings of tribal people in the world and also attracts the largest number o
Prelims Facts 06 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Religion & Philosophy

Bekal Fort

 Bekal Fort     Bekal Fort is a medieval fort built by Shivappa Nayaka of Keladi in 1650 AD, at Bekal.  It is the largest fort in Kerala. The fort appears to emerge from the sea and about three-quarters of its exterior lies in contact with water. The fort does not include any palaces or mansions as it was not an administrative centre. The
Prelims Facts 06 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Green Drought

 Green Drought     Green drought is when the vegetation may appear green on the top, but there is stunted growth and soil moisture stress for more than a month impacting yield drastically. This phenomenon is particularly problematic because it can be challenging to detect and monitor. Karnataka has urged to conduct an assessment on the ‘green drought’ p
Prelims Facts 06 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Physical Geography

Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI)

 Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) IRDAI cuts minimum capital requirement for foreign reinsurance branches from Rs 100 crore to Rs 50 crores with the provision to repatriate any excess assigned capital. The move is intended to Increase the overall capacity of the reinsurance sector to accommodate growing demand and manage larger risks. broader goa
Prelims Facts 06 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Investment Models

BlueWalker 3 satellite

 BlueWalker 3 satellite     It is a prototype satellite, part of a satellite constellation planned by its owner AST SpaceMobile. The satellite is intended to deliver mobile or broadband services anywhere in the world. BlueWalker 3 was observed as one of the brightest objects in the night sky, outshining all but the brightest stars. However, concerns are raised ar
Prelims Facts 05 Oct, 2023 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana

 Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana     It was launched by the Government of India in 2016 to provide free LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) connections to women from below-poverty-line households. The objective of the scheme was to make clean cooking fuel such as LPG available to the rural and deprived households and discourage usage of traditional cooking fuels. Use of tr
Prelims Facts 05 Oct, 2023 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

National Turmeric Board

 National Turmeric Board     Aims to provide leadership in all matters related to turmeric, coordinate with relevant government agencies, particularly the Spices Board, and spearhead efforts to advance the turmeric sector within the country.  The key objective of the board is to raise awareness and consumption of turmeric domestically and internationally. 
Prelims Facts 05 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

National Investment Infrastructure Fund (NIIF)

 National Investment Infrastructure Fund (NIIF)     The NIIF was launched in 2015 as India’s first state-backed fund. JBIC will contribute 51 per cent of that figure and the rest will be contributed by India. for enhancing infrastructure financing by investing in greenfield (new), brownfield (existing) and stalled projects. The fund was set up as Category II
Prelims Facts 05 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Investment Models

International Criminal Court (ICC)

 International Criminal Court (ICC)   ICC is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal having headquarters at The Hague, Netherlands. It is the first and only permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute  individuals for the international crimes of genocide crimes ag
Prelims Facts 04 Oct, 2023 GS-2 Important International Institutions

Purchasing Manager’s Index

 Purchasing Manager’s Index   It is an index that reflects the prevailing direction of economic trends in the manufacturing and service sectors. It has a diffusion index that summarizes whether market conditions are expanding, staying the same, or contracting as viewed by purchasing managers. It is a monthly survey released by the Institute for Supply Manag
Prelims Facts 04 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Economic Index

Pension Scheme

 Pension Scheme   The Old Pension Scheme: It is a retirement scheme approved by the central government that provides monthly pension to the beneficiaries till the end of their life service.  The amount of pension released monthly shall be equal to half of the last drawn salary by an individual before retirement. Also called as Defined Contribution scheme. In
Prelims Facts 04 Oct, 2023 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Cholera cases

 Cholera cases   Cholera is a water-borne disease affecting the small intestine of a person, which can be diagnosed by a stool test or a rapid dipstick test. It is caused by two strains of the bacteria Vibrio cholerae called O1 and O139. While O1 is responsible for almost all outbreaks, outbreaks of O139 have been rare and none recorded outside Asia so far.&
Prelims Facts 03 Oct, 2023 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Lagrange Points

 Lagrange Points   They are points in space between celestial bodies where a spacecraft stays more or less stationary. Lagrange points are found along the plane of two objects in orbit around their common centre of gravity, where their gravitational forces cancel each other, so that a third body of negligible mass w
Prelims Facts 03 Oct, 2023 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

R21 Malaria vaccine

 R21 Malaria vaccine   The R21/Matrix-M™ malaria vaccine developed by the University of Oxford and the Serum Institute of India has been recommended for use by the World Health Organization (WHO). The vaccine was developed by leveraging Novavax’s adjuvant technology. The vaccine has met the requirements of safety, quality and effectiveness standards. Malaria:
Prelims Facts 03 Oct, 2023 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

OIML Certificates

 OIML Certificates     India (Legal Metrology Division, Department of Consumer Affairs) has become one among the 13 countries in the world to become an OIML certificate-issuing authority. OIML stands for International Organisation of Legal Metrology, established in 1955 with headquartered in Paris. OIML is an international standard-setting body that develops m
Prelims Facts 03 Oct, 2023 GS-2 Important International Institutions

Karman Line

 Karman Line Kármán Line is a boundary located at 100 km above sea level. It is an imaginary line that demarcates the earth’s atmosphere from space. A record-keeping body called Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) established this boundary in the 1960s. Any individual who crosses this line qualifies to be an astronaut. The
Prelims Facts 02 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Kosi River

 Kosi River   It is a transboundary river which flows through China, Nepal and India.  It drains the northern slopes of the Himalayas in Tibet and the southern slopes in Nepal. The Kosi River is also known as Saptakoshi for its seven upper tributaries which includes: Tamur river Arun river Sun Kosi The trib
Prelims Facts 02 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Bacteria Wolbachia

 Bacteria Wolbachia   It is a genus of intracellular bacteria that infects mainly arthropod species, including a high proportion of insects, and also some nematodes. It is the most common parasitic microbes, and is possibly the most common reproductive parasite, with as many as 25 to 70% of all insect species are
Prelims Facts 02 Oct, 2023 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

TrueNat Test

 TrueNat Test   TrueNat is a is a chip-based, battery-operated RT-PCR kit for point-of-care and rapid molecular test for diagnosis of infectious diseases. RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase- Polymerase Chain Reaction) employs reverse transcription process that converts RNA into DNA molecule before the gene can be captured in the test. It was used as a screening test during COVI
Prelims Facts 01 Oct, 2023 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Jellyfish

 Jellyfish Jellyfish are mainly free-swimming marine animals with umbrella-shaped bells and trailing tentacles, while some tend to be immobile anchored to the seabed by stalks. The tentacles are armed with stinging cells and used to capture prey and defend against predators. They are found all over the world, from surface waters to the deep sea, from marine to freshwater, b
Prelims Facts 01 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

“Moscow Format” meeting

 “Moscow Format” meeting India attended the nine-nation “Moscow Format” meeting, in the Russian city of Kazan. The meet was attended by Russia, India, China, Iran, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey were invited guests at the event.  The Moscow format: A di
Prelims Facts 01 Oct, 2023 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

Poona pact

 Poona pact     The pact was a historic compromise between Gandhi and Ambedkar over the rights of Dalits, or "untouchables", in 1932. It was an agreement on political representation of the Depressed Classes. A communal award giving separate electorates for the scheduled castes in central and provincial legislatures was given by Ramsay Macdo
Prelims Facts 30 Sep, 2023 GS-1 Modern India

Age of Consent

 Age of Consent     The age of consent is the minimum age at which an individual is considered legally old enough to consent to participation in sexual activity. The current age of consent in India is 18 years. Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act criminalises all sexual activity by children under 18. Prosecution for statutory rape o
Prelims Facts 30 Sep, 2023 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Manaskhand Temple Circuit

 Manaskhand Temple Circuit     It connects Uttarakhand to tourist destinations the Kumaon region. It shall connect ancient and revered temples across various districts to provide a rich spiritual heritage of the region. The project will connect Jageshwar temple, Kainchi Dham, Mukteshwar, Purnagiri temple, and Golu Devta temple. The temple circuit c
Prelims Facts 30 Sep, 2023 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Mahendragiri stealth frigate

 Mahendragiri stealth frigate       It is the 7th stealth frigate under the Indian Navy's Project named after Mahendragiri mountain peak of the Eastern ghats, located in Odisha. It is also the last Nilgiri-Class stealth frigate for Indian navy. It was built by Mazagaon dock shipbuilders Ltd. as a part of achieving the goal of AtmaNirbhar Bharat and
Prelims Facts 29 Sep, 2023 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Kakrapar Atomic Power project (KAPP3)

 Kakrapar Atomic Power project (KAPP3)     It is the largest indigenously developed 700-megawatt electric (MWe) nuclear power reactor unit in Gujarat attained it first criticality in 2020, has started operations in 2023. First criticality signifies the initiation of a controlled, but sustained nuclear fission reaction in the nuclear power plant. It is a variant of
Prelims Facts 29 Sep, 2023 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Monoclonal Antibodies

 Monoclonal Antibodies     Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-made proteins that mimic the behaviour of antibodies produced by the immune system to protect against diseases and foreign substances It attaches itself to an antigen such as Glycoproteins (a foreign substance, usually a disease-causing molecule) and helps the immune system eliminate it from the body.
Prelims Facts 29 Sep, 2023 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Short Selling

 Short Selling     The Enforcement Directorate’s preliminary investigation has concluded that the “top beneficiaries” of short selling in shares of Adani Group companies, post release of the Hindenburg Research report and the subsequent market crash, are based in tax havens. Short sellers are investors who believe and bet that sh
Prelims Facts 29 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Investment Models

Shiv Shakti, Tiranga, Jawahar Sthal

 Shiv Shakti, Tiranga, Jawahar Sthal       The touch down sites of spacecrafts send to the lunar surface has been named recently. After Chandrayaan-1 mission of 2008, the site where the probe crashed (as it was meant to for the purposes of the mission), was named “Jawahar Sthal” after the first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. Chandrayaan-3 lan
Prelims Facts 29 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Article 35A

Article 35A     It empowers the Jammu and Kashmir Legislature to define “permanent residents” of the State and provide them special privileges and rights.  It was added to the Constitution through a presidential order, i.e., The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 under Article 370. The privileges included:
Prelims Facts 29 Aug, 2023 GS-2 Functions & Responsibilities of the Union and the States

Alai Darwaza

 Alai Darwaza     Alai Darwaza, one of the four gates to the Qutub complex housing Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque was built by Alauddin Khilji in 1311 AD. The other three gates were not completed because of Alauddin’s death. The mosque was commissioned by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and partly expanded by Shamsuddin Altamash later. They were expanded further under the
Prelims Facts 28 Aug, 2023 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Echolocation

 Echolocation     A technique in which animals or devices emits sound waves, and listens for their reflections by objects in their surroundings. The sound waves emitted will be in the nature of high-frequency sound pulses, often beyond the range of human hearing.  Bats due to their poor eyesight uses this ability to hunt and navigate in the dark, while do
Prelims Facts 28 Aug, 2023 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

B20 Summit

 B20 Summit     The Business 20 (B20) is an event which is part of the G20 Summit which is meant to express common views from the international business community. The main purpose is to develop recommendations and issue relevant commitments from the business leaders and business organizations to deal with present issues. B20 are gathered in 12 working groups which
Prelims Facts 28 Aug, 2023 GS-2 International Organization

Omega Fatty acids

 Omega Fatty acids Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or called as “essential” fatty acids are Omega-3 and Omega-6. They play in controlling two key body processes: Blood clotting Inflammation. It prepares the body to fight back infection and injury but for prolonged periods can also cause severe damage and chronic illnesses. Both have to be in right ratio to
Prelims Facts 27 Aug, 2023 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Seethakali Folk art

 Seethakali Folk art     A Dravidian dance drama primarily performed by Dalit artists belonging to the Veda and Pulaya communities of Kerala, first performed some 150 years back. It presents minuscule episodes of the Ramayana at every homestead, portions from vanayatra (exile to the forest) to Sita’s andardhanam (descend into the earth).&nbs
Prelims Facts 27 Aug, 2023 GS-1 Art , Architecture & Culture

Picoflare jets

 Picoflare jets     Picoflare jets are small jets of charged particles that are expelled intermittently from the corona of the Sun, at supersonic speeds. They could emanate from coronal holes where the sun’s magnetic field stretches into the space. The picoflare jets could supply energy and plasma to the solar wind (a c
Prelims Facts 27 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

The House Crow

 The House Crow     The house crow (Corvus splendens), also known as the Indian, greynecked, Ceylon or Colombo crow, is a common bird of the crow family that is of Asian origin. Its size ranges in size  of 40 cm (16 in) in length. It has a widespread distribution in southern Asia, being native to
Prelims Facts 26 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

India Smart Cities Award Contest (ISAC), 2022:

 India Smart Cities Award Contest (ISAC), 2022:     It was launched to reward the cities, projects and innovative ideas promoting smart development in cities as an outcome of Smart Cities Mission, which was launched in 2015 to transform 100 cities into sustainable and livable urban centres. The awards are announced by The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
Prelims Facts 26 Aug, 2023 GS-1 Human Geography

Chabahar port

 Chabahar port     India and Iran have agreed that disputes at Chabahar will not go for commercial arbitration in foreign courts but take investment arbitration or any other mode of dispute settlement. The arbitration will be pursued under rules framed by the UN Commission on International Trade Law This shall enable long-term agreement and boost investor confidenc
Prelims Facts 26 Aug, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI)

 Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI)     IRDAI cuts minimum capital requirement for foreign reinsurance branches from Rs 100 crore to Rs 50 crores with the provision to repatriate any excess assigned capital. The move is intended to Increase the overall capacity of the reinsurance sector to accommodate growing demand and manage
Prelims Facts 25 Aug, 2023 GS-2 Statutory, Regulatory & Quasi-Judicial Bodies

Honey Bees

 Honey Bees     The Muğla region in Bayram mountains of Turkey which produces almost all of the world's pine honey from Mugla Bees, ravaged by 2021 wildfires is yet to recover to pre-wildfire production levels. Honey bees are all native to mainland Afro-Eurasia. The western honey bee, (Apis mellifera) has been domesticated for honey production and cr
Prelims Facts 25 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Right to Information (RTI) Act

 Right to Information (RTI) Act     Why in the News? Recently, Hundreds of RTI applications and their responses from Union public authorities have been missing from the RTIOnline website. The Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005: The law empowers Indian citizens to seek information from a Public Authority. Thus, it makes the Government and its functionaries
Prelims Facts 24 Aug, 2023 GS-2 Dispute Redressal Mechanisms and Institutions

ASTRA Missile

 ASTRA Missile     LIGHT COMBAT Aircraft (LCA) Tejas has successfully fired the ASTRA indigenous Beyond Visual Range (BVR) air-to-air missile. ASTRA is a state-of-the-art BVR air-to-air missile. It is developed to engage and destroy highly manoeuvring supersonic aerial targets. It has been designed and developed by Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRD
Prelims Facts 24 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Sugar industry in ethanol sourcing

 Sugar industry in ethanol sourcing The Niti Aayog envisages requirement of 1,400 crore litres of ethanol to achieve 20% blending by 2025-2026.  Nearly 550 crore litres of ethanol have been produced and 450 crore litres of it came from the sugar industry and the remaining from maize and damaged grain, in 2022. Molasses, a byproduct of sugar processing, are currently being used for bi
Prelims Facts 24 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Changes In Industrial Policy & their Effects on Industrial Growth

DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation)

 DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation)     A Research & Development wing of the Ministry of Defence, Govt of India. It aims to empower India with cutting-edge defence technologies to achieve self-reliance in critical defence technologies and systems. It also intends to equip the armed forces with state-of-the-art weapon systems and equipment
Prelims Facts 24 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Murmansk port

     Murmansk port is the main northern gateway of Russia and a transshipment hub, located about 2,000 km northwest of Moscow. Recently, India accounts for 35% of cargo handled by Murmansk port constituting the maximum share of cargo handled by the port this year, Turkey and China were among other countries served by the Murmansk port with a share of 34% and 19%
Prelims Facts 16 Aug, 2023 GS-2 Bilateral, Regional & Global Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests

Survey at Corbett Tiger Reserve

 About 275 bird species, including two critically endangered, four vulnerable ones and two endangered species, were counted during a survey at Corbett Tiger Reserve. Two endangered species — Pallas’s fish-eagle, Egyptian vulture and four vulnerable bird species — great hornbill, great slaty woodpecker, grey-crowned prinia and river tern — have been counted in the survey
Prelims Facts 16 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs)

 It is an international financial institution established by two or more countries for the purpose of encouraging economic development in poorer nations. It consists of member nations from both developed and developing countries. It intends to provide loans and grants to member nations to fund projects to support social and economic development in the areas of infrastructu
Prelims Facts 12 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Related to Mobilization of Resources

Transfer of High court judges

 The Supreme Court (SC) collegium has recommended transfer of 24 judges across various High courts in spite of requests for reconsideration of the move. Article 222 of the Constitution: Deals with transfer of a Judge (including Chief Justice) from one High Court to any other High Court. The proposal for transfer of a High Court Judge originates from the Chief
Prelims Facts 12 Aug, 2023 GS-2 Structure, Organization & Functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary

Legionella bacteria

 The UK govt has put the asylum-seekers on a housing barge after the detection of traces the bacteria causing Legionnaire’s disease were found in the onboard water system. The bacteria can be found in lakes and Ponds and also in other water systems. If such water containing thus bacteria is consumed, the bacteria can reach the lungs and cause pneumonia and a mild flu-like illn
Prelims Facts 12 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

NavIC

     Aadhar enrolment devices across the country is set to be integrated with NavIC. Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC), a regional navigation satellite system was formerly known as Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) is an Indian version of the American GPS. It was established to meet the positioning, navigation and timing requirements of th
Prelims Facts 11 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Indigenization of Technology & Developing New Technology

Lymphatic Filariasis

 Lymphatic Filariasis India is committed to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis by the year 2027, three years ahead of the global target of 2030. Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease.     It is caused by mosquitoes when they transmit filarial parasites (classified as nematodes) to humans causing infection. Three
Prelims Facts 11 Aug, 2023 GS-3 S&T Developments & their Applications & Effects in Everyday Life

Hydrogen for Heritage Scheme

 Hydrogen for Heritage Scheme The scheme aims to revolutionise the railway industry by incorporating hydrogen fuel cells as an alternative to diesel engines. The Indian Railways has planned to operate 35 Hydrogen-powered trains to run across 8 heritage routes that are environmentally sensitive hilly regions with a potential for tourism. The project thus promotes clean energy sources with
Prelims Facts 11 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Kerala to Keralam

 Kerala to Keralam The Kerala’s Legislative Assembly has unanimously passed a resolution to rename the state as Keralam by adding a suffix ‘m’ to its existing name in the Constitution and official records. The rationale behind the move is that it seeks convergence with its Malayalam name ‘Keralam’, as states were formed on the basis of the language in the S
Prelims Facts 10 Aug, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Quit India Movement

 Quit India Movement Also known as August movement or Bharat chodo Andolan. It was an important Civil Disobedience Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress on August 8, 1942. It was launched during the Second World war when the Participation of British in the war has strained the resources of India and the threat of Japanese invasion was becoming real.
Prelims Facts 10 Aug, 2023 GS-1 Modern India

Coastal Aquaculture Authority Bill

 Coastal Aquaculture Authority Bill The bill seeks to amend the Coastal Aquaculture Authority Act, 2005. The bill expands the scope of coastal aquaculture by including allied activities also, Shrimp Prawn Fish Any other Aquatic life in saline or brackish water Newly included allied activities
Prelims Facts 10 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Economics of Animal-Rearing

Assam Rifles

 Assam Rifles The Manipur police has registered a Criminal case against the Assam Rifles on the charges of ‘arrogant act’ of letting the accused Kuki militants to escape freely to a safe zone, ‘obstruction of duty’ and ‘criminal intimidation’ in the ongoing Manipur violence. History of Assam Rifles: The Assam Rifles (AR) is the oldest paramilitar
Prelims Facts 09 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Various Security Forces & Agencies & Their Mandate

No-Confidence Motion

 No-Confidence Motion Article 75 of the Constitution - Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. This means that the ministry stays in office as long as it enjoys the confidence of the lower house. This effectively gives power to the Lok Sabha to remove the ministry from the office by passing No-confidence motion. Therefore, it has been used as a tool for
Prelims Facts 09 Aug, 2023 GS-2 Indian Constitution

G20 Anti-Corruption Working Group

 G20 Anti-Corruption Working Group   The Action Plan is guided by the political declaration of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGASS) against corruption. The ACWG focuses on promotion of international cooperation in the areas of Asset recovery Law enforcement cooperation Information-sharing Technology Denial of safe haven/entry The ACWG also seeks to
Prelims Facts 09 Aug, 2023 GS-2 International Organization

Block chain Technology

 Block chain Technology A distributed ledger technology that enables a layer of trust and eliminates the need for a third party to validate the transactions. It is an amalgamation of various technologies such as distributed systems, cryptography. Blocks are secured with proper security against tampering using any cryptographic hash algorithms. Transactions are validated and ve
Prelims Facts 08 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Awareness in Different Fields

Royal Bengal Tiger

 Royal Bengal Tiger                                                             The 5
Prelims Facts 08 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

PM SHRI schools

 PM SHRI schools PM Schools for Rising India (PM SHRI) is a centrally sponsored scheme to be implemented by Government of India over a period of 5 years (2022-23 to 2026-27). The framework aims to develop more than 14500 PM SHRI Schools managed by Central government/State/UT Government/local bodies. Its implementation shall help in building an equitable, inclusive, and plural soc
Prelims Facts 08 Aug, 2023 GS-2 Government Policies & Interventions for Development

Economic Community of West African Nations (ECOWAS)

 A regional political and Economic union of 15 West African nations established in 1975 with the signing of Treaty of Lagos. The goal of ECOWAS is to achieve  "collective self-sufficiency" " for its member states by creating a single large trade bloc by building a full economic and trading union. It also serves as a Peacekeeping force in the region includin
Prelims Facts 01 Aug, 2023 GS-2 Important International Institutions

National Deep Tech Startup Policy

 A.  Aims to bolster the growth of Startup ecosystem through optimal policy interventions access to funding strengthening Intellectual Property Regime (IPR) Sustaining Deep tech startups. Enabling shared infrastructure and resource sharing. B. The draft outlines four key pillars Securing India’s economic future. Knowledge-driven economy bolstering national c
Prelims Facts 01 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Relating to Growth, Development & Employment

Engel's law

 Engel's law It states that, as income increases, the proportion of income spent on food decreases, even if absolute expenditure on food rises. As the economy grows with increases income in the hands of the people, this trend can be witnessed. This formed the basis for reduction in weightage of food in the CPI basket from 60.9 (1960) to 46.2 (2001).
Prelims Facts 13 Jul, 2023 GS-3 Indian Economy & Issues Relating to Growth, Development & Employment

Nature Restoration Law

 Nature Restoration Law A biodiversity bill initiated by the European Commission in the EU Parliament was passed. It aims to recover degraded ecosystems by reclamation of forested areas, marine habitats and growing birds, bees in the farmlands. Indicates Europe's commitment to achieving green goals and climate adaptation goals.
Prelims Facts 13 Jul, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Crawford Lake

 Crawford Lake Location- Ontario in Canada The lake's bottom sediments has provided evidence for beginning of Anthropocene epoch ( present geological time scale during which earth's ecosystem has degraded due to human activities especially after Industrial revolution) The lake bottom sediments contained burned fossil fuels, exploded nuclear weapons, plastic and fertilizers dumped
Prelims Facts 13 Jul, 2023 GS-1 Physical Geography

Waorani community

Waorani community     The Huaorani, Waorani, or Waodani, also known as the Waos, are an Indigenous people from the Amazonian Region of Ecuador. They comprise almost 4,000 inhabitants and speak the Huaorani language. Their language is distinct and unrelated to any other known tongue, including Quechua, which is commonly spoken in
Prelims Facts 31 Dec, 1969 GS-1 Human Geography

DNA

08 Jun, 2026

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