Keratoconus

A recent study has raised concerns regarding the treatment of keratoconus, revealing that, in some cases, the condition may worsen even after treatment. This has led to further exploration of its management, especially in the context of advanced therapeutic methods.

What is Keratoconus?

Keratoconus is a vision disorder in which the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye, becomes thinner and irregularly shaped, often taking on a cone-like appearance. This abnormal corneal shape interferes with light entering the eye, preventing it from being properly focused on the retina. This leads to distorted vision.

Key Features of Keratoconus:

• Progressive Condition: Keratoconus usually begins in late teens or early 20s and progresses slowly over a span of 10 to 20 years.

• Bilateral Impact: While it often affects both eyes, the severity and progression may differ between the eyes, leading to significant variations in vision quality.

• Vision Symptoms: The condition can cause blurry vision, double vision, increased sensitivity to light, and distorted images.

• Gradual Deterioration: Vision symptoms can progressively worsen over time, with changes that are often non-symmetrical between the two eyes.

Treatment of Keratoconus

While there is no known prevention for keratoconus, there are several treatment options that aim to slow or halt the progression of the disease, or in more advanced cases, to restore vision.

1. Early Stage Treatment:

• Eyeglasses or Soft Contact Lenses: In the early stages of keratoconus, glasses or soft contact lenses may suffice to correct vision distortion.

• Rigid Gas Permeable Lenses: As the condition progresses, rigid gas permeable contact lenses can provide better visual clarity by compensating for the irregular shape of the cornea.

2. Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking (CXL):

• Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking is a non-invasive procedure that aims to halt the progression of keratoconus by strengthening the cornea. It involves applying riboflavin (a type of vitamin B) to the cornea, followed by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, which increases the bonding of the collagen fibers in the cornea, making it stiffer.

• This treatment is effective in early to moderate cases and helps prevent further deterioration of vision.

3. Advanced Treatments:

• Corneal Transplantation: In advanced stages, when the cornea becomes severely distorted and vision cannot be corrected with lenses or cross-linking, a corneal transplant (keratoplasty) may be necessary. This involves replacing the damaged cornea with a donor's healthy cornea.