GLP-1 Drugs

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently issued global guidelines on the use of popular GLP-1 drugs for weight loss.

About GLP-1 Drugs

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are synthetic drugs used primarily for the treatment of obesity in adults.

• These drugs are mainly injectables, although oral versions are under development.

• Leading examples include Semaglutide and Tirzepatide (developed by Eli Lilly).

• Both drugs have been introduced in India and are transforming obesity and diabetes treatment.

How Do GLP-1 Drugs Work?

GLP-1 drugs function through multiple mechanisms:

1. Increase insulin secretion when blood glucose levels are high.

2. Inhibit glucagon release, reducing glucose output by the liver.

3. Slow gastric emptying, preventing sudden spikes in blood sugar.

4. Suppress appetite, making individuals feel full sooner.

Key Facts About Glucagon-like Peptide-1

• GLP-1 is both an incretin hormone and a neurotransmitter.

• It is a naturally occurring gut hormone, released after food intake.

• GLP-1 is secreted from the small intestine and the hindbrain after a meal.

• It travels to the pancreas, where it helps regulate blood sugar by increasing insulin and decreasing glucagon.

• Its natural effect lasts only a few minutes, giving immediate but short-term regulation of blood sugar after meals.

• GLP-1 also has beneficial effects on organs like the kidney, liver, and cardiovascular system.