Petroglyphs

Researchers have recently discovered two ancient rock carvings, known as petroglyphs, on a flat rock inside a rock shelter located on a hill behind the Beerappa Temple in Manchirevula. This finding adds to the growing evidence of prehistoric human activity in the region.
Such discoveries help in understanding early human culture and artistic expression in India.

What are Petroglyphs?

Petroglyphs are symbolic images that are carved or engraved onto rock surfaces by removing part of the outer layer using harder tools. The term comes from Greek words meaning “stone” and “to carve.” These carvings are created through techniques such as pecking, incising, abrading, drilling, scratching, and polishing. Unlike painted rock art, which is known as petrographs, petroglyphs involve physically cutting into the rock surface.
Petroglyphs are engraved images, not painted ones, making them more durable over long periods.

Forms and Distribution

Petroglyphs usually appear either as shallow scratches or as deeper, clearly visible indentations on rock surfaces. They are closely associated with prehistoric human populations and have been found on almost every continent except Antarctica. Major concentrations exist in regions such as Africa, North and South America, Siberia, Australia, and parts of Europe.
Their widespread presence shows that rock engraving was a common form of expression across ancient civilizations worldwide.

Example in India

One of the most well-known petroglyph sites in India is the Edakkal Caves in Kerala, where numerous ancient carvings have been preserved.
India has significant prehistoric rock art sites, highlighting its rich ancient heritage.

Significance of Petroglyphs

Petroglyphs are considered among the earliest forms of human artistic expression and are often regarded as the foundation of art. They also served practical purposes in ancient times, functioning as a means of communication or early writing. Some carvings marked territorial boundaries, while others acted as maps or even astronomical indicators. In certain cases, petroglyphs were used as musical instruments, known as “rock gongs.”
Petroglyphs are not just art; they were tools for communication, navigation, and cultural expression.

Conclusion

Petroglyphs provide valuable insights into the lives, beliefs, and creativity of prehistoric humans. The recent discovery in Telangana highlights the importance of preserving such sites for future study.
These carvings are crucial archaeological evidence that helps reconstruct early human history and culture.