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Prelims Facts

PRELIMS DATA & FACTS Prelims Facts

Prelims fact is an exclusive column to assist the students, in preparation for subject wise prelims facts and data this section not only helps in UPSC prelims in interview but also helps in various public service commission examination like OAS UPPCS UKPCS Rajasthan PCS Haryana PCS

GS-III

Oriental Darter (Anhinga melanogaster)

 ​Why in the News? The Oriental Darter (Anhinga melanogaster) has reportedly been affected by garbage dumping in lakes in Bengaluru, highlighting the impact of urban pollution on aquatic birds. ​About Oriental Darter The Oriental Darter is a tropical waterbird also known as the Snakebird or Indian Darter. It is recognised by its long, slender, snake-like neck and sharp, pointed bil
Prelims Facts 15 Oct, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR)

 ​Why in News? A famous tiger named Bhola, which was popular among tourists visiting the Phato zone of Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR) in Uttarakhand, recently died. ​About Corbett Tiger Reserve Location and Historical Background The Corbett Tiger Reserve is located in the foothills of the Himalayas in Uttarakhand. It was originally established as Hailey National Park in 1936. It
Prelims Facts 13 Oct, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (STR)

 Why in News? The Forest Department has resolved a decades-long drinking water crisis in a tribal hamlet located within the Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (STR) in Erode district, Tamil Nadu, under Project Elephant. About Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve Location: Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve is located in Tamil Nadu, at the junction of the Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats, within the Nilgiri
Prelims Facts 12 Oct, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary

 Why in News? A recent monsoon bird survey conducted by the Thiruvananthapuram Wildlife Division recorded 124 bird species at Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala. About Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. It was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1983. Location and Boundaries The sanctuary is bordered by the Kala
Prelims Facts 12 Oct, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Dihing Patkai National Park

 Why in News? A male tiger was recently camera-trapped in Assam’s Dihing Patkai National Park, highlighting the park’s rich biodiversity. About Dihing Patkai National Park Location: The park is located in the Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts of Assam. It lies at the foothills of the Patkai Hill Ranges, along the banks of the Dehing River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra. It
Prelims Facts 10 Oct, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Striped Hyena

 Why in News? The conservation of the striped hyena has gained attention due to limited population data, conservation challenges and the need for a coordinated national conservation strategy. About the Striped Hyena The striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) belongs to the Hyaenidae family. It is one of the three true hyena species, along with the brown hyena and the spotted hyena. The hyena fa
Prelims Facts 10 Oct, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Guggal Plant

 Why in News? A Kutch-based non-profit organisation is planting Khara Guggal and Mitha Guggal across five villages to restore native medicinal heritage and biodiversity on community grazing lands. About Guggal Plant The Guggal plant is a spiny shrub or small tree belonging to the Burseraceae family. Its resin, known as guggul, is highly valued in traditional medicine, particularly in A
Prelims Facts 09 Oct, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Indian Star Tortoise

 Recently, 216 rescued Indian Star Tortoises (Geochelone elegans) were successfully rehabilitated in Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve (TATR) after being rescued from Mumbai and Thane. About Indian Star Tortoise The Indian Star Tortoise is a medium-sized terrestrial tortoise. It derives its name from the distinctive star-like patterns on its shell. These patterns also serve as camouflage, as t
Prelims Facts 05 Oct, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Smew

Why in News? Recently, Assam’s Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary recorded the Smew (Mergellus albellus), a rare migratory waterbird, for the first time. About Smew The Smew is a medium-sized duck belonging to the family Anatidae. It was formally described in 1758 by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus. Its scientific name is Mergellus albellus. Habitat and Distribution The Smew
Prelims Facts 05 Oct, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve

 Why in News? Recently, researchers warned that climate change is destabilising the forest ecosystems of the Western Ghats in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. About Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) is located in the Nilgiri Mountains of the Western Ghats. It encompasses parts of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. It was established in 1986 and was the first
Prelims Facts 05 Oct, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Narwhal

 Why in News? Scientists recently discovered that a narwhal’s uniquely straight tusk remains strong because opposing twists in its inner and outer collagen fibril layers create internal tension that helps keep the tusk straight. About Narwhal The narwhal is a medium-sized toothed whale belonging to the family Monodontidae. The only other member of this family is the beluga whale.
Prelims Facts 01 Oct, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary

 Why in News? Recently, a black melanistic leopard cub was spotted near the Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary in the Darjeeling hills of West Bengal. About Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary Location and Establishment Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary is located in West Bengal, in the Darjeeling hills. It is among the oldest wildlife sanctuaries in India and was established in 1915. The sanctuary lies
Prelims Facts 26 Sep, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Robotic Control of Water Hyacinth in Vembanad Lake

 The State Wetland Authority Kerala (SWAK) is launching a one-month pilot project at Kumarakom, Kerala, to control the spread of the invasive aquatic weed water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in Vembanad Lake through the use of robotic technology. The project represents an application of technology-based wetland management for controlling an invasive species that threatens aquatic ecosystem
Prelims Facts 19 Sep, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Green India Mission (GIM)

 Recently, the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) flagged major shortcomings in the implementation of the Green India Mission (GIM). About Green India Mission The Green India Mission (GIM) was launched in 2014 as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme. It is one of the eight missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). The mission aims to protect, restore and enhance Ind
Prelims Facts 18 Sep, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Clouded Leopard

On the occasion of International Clouded Leopard Day, India reaffirmed its commitment to conserving one of Asia’s most elusive wild cats through the newly launched Clouded Leopard Conservation Action Plan (CAP). About Clouded Leopard The Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) is a wild cat that inhabits dense forests extending from the Himalayas through mainland Southeast Asia to sout
Prelims Facts 16 Sep, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Asan Conservation Reserve

 The Supreme Court recently clarified that a direction banning mining activities within a 10-km radius of the Asan Wetland Conservation Reserve, a Ramsar site in Uttarakhand, would also apply to other wetland conservation reserves across the country to ensure parity. ​About Asan Conservation Reserve Location and Area The Asan Conservation Reserve is located in Dehradun district, Utta
Prelims Facts 16 Sep, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Silicosis

 Nearly 600 workers in California’s engineered-stone countertop industry have reportedly been diagnosed with silicosis since 2019. The disease is associated with prolonged exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust released during the cutting, grinding and polishing of artificial-stone slabs. ​About Silicosis Silicosis is a serious and progressive occupational respiratory dise
Prelims Facts 16 Sep, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Black-Necked Crane

 The Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) has sterilised over 2,950 Free-Ranging Dogs (FRDs) in Ladakh to protect Black-Necked Cranes (Grus nigricollis), whose chicks and nests were being attacked in alpine wetlands. About Black-Necked Crane The Black-Necked Crane is a medium-sized member of the crane family. It is locally known as “Cha Thung-Thung” in Ladakh and “Thung
Prelims Facts 11 Sep, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Satkosia Tiger Reserve (STR)

 The Odisha Government has constituted a high-level inquiry committee to examine the relocation of villages from the Satkosia Tiger Reserve (STR). The inquiry follows allegations by residents that they were forcibly displaced from their ancestral villages despite having coexisted with wildlife for a long period. The committee will examine whether the relocation process complied with the Wild
Prelims Facts 07 Sep, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Satkosia Tiger Reserve (STR)

   The Odisha Government has constituted a high-level inquiry committee to examine the relocation of villages from the Satkosia Tiger Reserve (STR). The inquiry follows allegations by residents that they were forcibly displaced from their ancestral villages despite having coexisted with wildlife for a long period. The committee will examine whether the relocation process complied with th
Prelims Facts 07 Sep, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Asiatic Wild Buffalo

 The Chhattisgarh Forest Department is planning to translocate wild buffaloes from Assam and keep them in enclosures at Pamed Wildlife Sanctuary, Udanti-Sitanadi Tiger Reserve and Indravati Tiger Reserve (ITR). The initiative aims to strengthen the conservation of the Asiatic Wild Buffalo in Chhattisgarh. About Asiatic Wild Buffalo The Asiatic Wild Buffalo is considered the largest wild b
Prelims Facts 05 Sep, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 2026

 Recently, experts described India’s performance in the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 2026 as a wake-up call that requires greater attention towards environmental protection and sustainable development. About Environmental Performance Index The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is a biennial index that evaluates and ranks countries according to their environmental perfor
Prelims Facts 03 Sep, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Pygmy Hog

 Why in News? The Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife (SC-NBWL) has recommended including the Pygmy Hog in the list of critically endangered species under the Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats (IDWH) recovery programme. About Pygmy Hog The Pygmy Hog is the smallest and rarest species of wild pig. It is unusual among mammals because it builds its own nest wit
Prelims Facts 02 Sep, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary

 Why in News? A Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) has been photographed for the first time in the Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary in Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh. Location and Establishment The Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh and was established in 1994. The sanctuary covers an altitude range of approximately 1,600–4,500 metres above
Prelims Facts 02 Sep, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Bagdara Wildlife Sanctuary

 The Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife (SC-NBWL) has asked the Madhya Pradesh Government to explore alternative areas for compensatory notification while considering the proposed denotification of Bagdara Wildlife Sanctuary. Location and Establishment Bagdara Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Sidhi and Singrauli districts of Madhya Pradesh. It covers approximately 4
Prelims Facts 31 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Asiatic Lion Conservation in India

 World Lion Day is observed annually on 10 August. It was established in 2013 by conservationists Dereck and Beverly Joubert to raise awareness about lion conservation and declining wild lion populations. On World Lion Day 2026, India highlighted the remarkable recovery of the Asiatic lion population, which increased from 523 in 2015 to 891 in 2025. This recovery has been supported by scient
Prelims Facts 27 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Indian Peafowl & “Peacock Diplomacy”

 India donated five Indian male peafowls to the United Nations Office at Geneva (UNOG), highlighting India’s biodiversity heritage, cultural identity and commitment to multilateralism. The group consists of four blue peafowls and one white-feathered male, symbolically representing the blue and white colours of the UN. This was the second such diplomatic gift from India. In 1981, Prime
Prelims Facts 26 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Mouling National Park

 Mouling National Park is located in Arunachal Pradesh, covering parts of Upper Siang, East Siang and West Siang districts. Established in 1986, it covers about 483 sq. km and forms part of the Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve. Located in the Eastern Himalayas, the park has steep mountains, deep valleys, dense forests and numerous rivers and streams. Its altitude ranges from about 750 m to ov
Prelims Facts 22 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Vansda National Park

 Vansda National Park is located in Navsari district of southern Gujarat, near the Gujarat–Maharashtra border. Covering 23.99 sq. km, it is one of Gujarat’s smallest national parks and represents the northernmost extension of the Western Ghats ecosystem. Historical Background The forests were historically protected by the princely State of Vansda, where commercial tree felling
Prelims Facts 22 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Mathikettan Shola National Park

 Location and Key Facts Mathikettan Shola National Park is located near Poopara village in Udumbanchola Taluk of Idukki district, Kerala. It was declared a National Park in 2003 and covers only 12.82 sq. km, making it one of Kerala’s smallest national parks. It forms part of the Cardamom Hill Reserve in the Western Ghats and lies between Eravikulam National Park and Pampadum Shola Nati
Prelims Facts 21 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Glaw Lake – India’s 101st Ramsar Site

 Why in News? Glaw Lake in Arunachal Pradesh has been designated as India’s 101st Ramsar Site and the first wetland of international importance in Arunachal Pradesh. With this designation, India’s Ramsar network has increased from 26 sites in 2014 to 101 sites in 2026. Location and Physical Features Glaw Lake is a pristine freshwater lake located within the Kamlang Tiger Re
Prelims Facts 18 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Caspian Cobra (Naja oxiana)

 Why in News? A rare Caspian Cobra was recently spotted in the Upper Forest Range of Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh, highlighting the presence of this uncommon venomous snake in the region. About Caspian Cobra The Caspian Cobra, also known as the Central Asian Cobra, Ladle Snake, Oxus Cobra or Russian Cobra, is a venomous snake belonging to the family Elapidae. Its scientific name i
Prelims Facts 18 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Kudremukh National Park

 Kudremukh National Park is one of India’s most ecologically significant protected areas, located in the Central Western Ghats of Karnataka. It is known for its rich biodiversity, shola-grassland ecosystem, watershed functions and ecological importance. Location and Geographical Features Kudremukh National Park is situated at the tri-junction of Chikkamagaluru, Dakshina Kannada and Udup
Prelims Facts 17 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sariska Tiger Reserve

 Latest News The Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change recently congratulated the people of India and nature lovers on the completion of 18 years of tiger reintroduction in Sariska Tiger Reserve. About Sariska Tiger Reserve Sariska Tiger Reserve is located in Alwar district of Rajasthan and forms part of the Aravalli Range. It falls within the Kathiawar-Gir dry deci
Prelims Facts 13 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Aldabra Giant Tortoise

   Latest News During his visit to Seychelles, the Prime Minister met and fed Jonathan, an Aldabra giant tortoise estimated to be around 194 years old. Guinness World Records recognises Jonathan as the world’s oldest living land animal. About Aldabra Giant Tortoise The Aldabra giant tortoise is the second-largest species of land tortoise in the world after the Galápago
Prelims Facts 13 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Arabithittu Wildlife Sanctuary

 Latest News A four-year-old leopard was recently killed after being hit by an unidentified vehicle near the Arabithittu Wildlife Sanctuary in Karnataka, highlighting the issue of wildlife mortality due to road traffic around protected areas. About Arabithittu Wildlife Sanctuary Arabithittu Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Mysuru district of Karnataka. It was originally a game reserve
Prelims Facts 10 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Amrabad Tiger Reserve (ATR)

 Latest News The All-India Tiger Estimation (AITE) 2026 has recorded a strong presence of tigers in the Amrabad Tiger Reserve, highlighting the ecological significance of this protected landscape in Telangana. Location and Background The Amrabad Tiger Reserve is located in the Nallamala Hills of the Eastern Ghats in Telangana. Before the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh in 2014, the area
Prelims Facts 10 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Lonar Lake

 Introduction Lonar Lake, also known as the Lonar Crater, is located in the Buldhana district of Maharashtra. It is one of the world's most unique geological formations and is internationally recognised as the only known meteorite impact crater lake formed in basaltic rock. Formation The lake lies within the Deccan Plateau, a vast region of volcanic basalt rock formed by massive vo
Prelims Facts 08 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 2026

 Latest News India ranked 176th out of 177 countries in the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 2026, with a score of 22.46, making it the second-lowest ranked country globally (above Laos) and 7th among the 8 South Asian countries. Estonia secured the 1st rank with a score of 74.79. About the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is a bienni
Prelims Facts 07 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Golden Langur (Trachypithecus geei)

 Latest News Recently, seven endangered Golden Langurs (Trachypithecus geei), rescued from wildlife traffickers, were released into Sikhna Jwhwlao National Park in Assam, strengthening conservation efforts for this rare primate. About The Golden Langur (Trachypithecus geei), also known as Gee's Golden Langur, is an Old World monkey endemic to the Indo-Bhutan region. It is renowned
Prelims Facts 06 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Chital

Latest News A Chital was recently allegedly hunted inside the core area of the Udanti–Sitanadi Tiger Reserve in Chhattisgarh. Forest officials arrested two villagers and seized suspected animal meat, bows, arrows, and animal traps, highlighting concerns over poaching in protected areas. About Chital Overview The Chital, popularly known as the Spotted Deer or Axis Deer, is a m
Prelims Facts 05 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve

 Latest News Recently, a captive-bred Indian vulture released in Melghat Tiger Reserve (Maharashtra) travelled an extraordinary 3,334 km across several states before reaching the Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve in Rajasthan, demonstrating the remarkable dispersal ability of the species and highlighting the importance of interconnected wildlife habitats. About Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve Intr
Prelims Facts 04 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Blue Swimmer Crab

 Latest News The ICAR–Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIBA), Chennai, has successfully demonstrated Blue Swimmer Crab (Portunus reticulatus) farming technology for the first time in India, marking an important step towards sustainable coastal aquaculture and diversification of mariculture. About Blue Swimmer Crab The Blue Swimmer Crab (Portunus reticulatus) i
Prelims Facts 01 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) / Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ)

 Latest News The Western Ghats, one of the world's biodiversity hotspots, may soon receive stronger legal protection in at least three states through the notification of Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs). About Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs) Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs), also known as Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs), are regions identified for special environmental protect
Prelims Facts 01 Aug, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Biochar

 Latest News Recent studies have shown that Biochar can increase crop productivity by 10–30% and improve the water-holding capacity of soils by 10–25%, particularly in nutrient-deficient and semi-arid soils. About Biochar Biochar is a carbon-rich, granular material produced by heating agricultural biomass or crop residues at 400°C–600°C in a low-oxygen (pyroly
Prelims Facts 31 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Solanum pandeyi

 Latest News Recently, a scientist from the Botanical Survey of India (BSI) discovered a new species of wild brinjal, named Solanum pandeyi, from the Middle Andaman Island in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago. About Solanum pandeyi Solanum pandeyi is a newly identified species of wild brinjal belonging to the genus Solanum. It was discovered in the evergreen forests of Middle And
Prelims Facts 30 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Non-Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHCs)

 Latest News Researchers from the Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) conducted a year-long (2022–2023) study measuring Non-Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHCs) at Munsyari (Uttarakhand) to understand their role in air quality, ozone formation, and climate change. About Non-Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHCs) Non-Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHCs) are a group of vola
Prelims Facts 29 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Mimeusemia kali

 Latest News Scientists have discovered a new species of forester moth, Mimeusemia kali, in Kali Tiger Reserve of Karnataka, located in the Western Ghats. This discovery is significant because it represents the first addition to the genus Mimeusemia in nearly 30 years, highlighting the rich biodiversity of the Western Ghats. About Mimeusemia kali Mimeusemia kali is a newly identified s
Prelims Facts 27 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Manas National Park

   Recently, the Chief Minister of Assam announced that Manas National Park has recorded zero rhino and tiger poaching cases for three consecutive years, highlighting the success of conservation efforts and wildlife protection measures in the park. About Manas National Park Location Manas National Park is located in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas in the state of A
Prelims Facts 24 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Knob-Billed Duck (African Comb Duck)

 Latest News Recently, a Knob-Billed Duck, a species generally associated with the wetlands of Rajasthan and Gujarat, was recorded for the first time at Pong Lake Wildlife Sanctuary in Himachal Pradesh. The sighting highlights the ecological importance of Pong Lake as a major habitat for migratory and resident waterbirds. About Knob-Billed Duck The Knob-Billed Duck, also known as the A
Prelims Facts 23 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Greater Hog Badger (Arctonyx collaris)

 Latest News Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve has released the first scientific assessment report on the Greater Hog Badger, providing valuable insights into the ecology, distribution, and conservation status of this elusive mammal. About Greater Hog Badger The Greater Hog Badger (Arctonyx collaris) is a nocturnal, ground-dwelling, burrowing omnivorous mammal belonging to the
Prelims Facts 20 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve (MHTR)

 Latest News The Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve (MHTR) administration in Kota, Rajasthan, recently launched the poster and trailer of the documentary "Enchanting Mukundra" to promote wildlife conservation, ecotourism, and awareness about the reserve's rich biodiversity. About Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve (MHTR), formerly known as the Darra
Prelims Facts 20 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Udanti–Sitanadi Tiger Reserve

 Latest News A four-year-old tigress that recently entered Chhattisgarh’s Udanti–Sitanadi Tiger Reserve (USTR) and remained there throughout the summer has renewed hopes for the revival of the reserve’s tiger population. About Udanti–Sitanadi Tiger Reserve Udanti–Sitanadi Tiger Reserve (USTR) is located in the state of Chhattisgarh and was created by comb
Prelims Facts 18 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Tapanuli Orangutan

Latest News A recent cyclone in Sumatra, Indonesia, reportedly killed around 58 Tapanuli orangutans, accounting for nearly 7% of the global population of this Critically Endangered species. The incident has raised serious concerns about the survival of one of the world's rarest great apes. About Tapanuli Orangutan The Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) is the rarest sp
Prelims Facts 17 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 17 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Gharials

 Why in News? Recently, 31 gharial hatchlings were released into the Gandak River in the Bagaha region of Bihar as part of ongoing conservation efforts to strengthen the population of this critically endangered freshwater crocodilian and restore the river's ecological balance. About Gharials The Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) is a freshwater crocodilian native to the river sys
Prelims Facts 13 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Eechathalakenda incognita

 Why in News? Recently, a team of scientists discovered a new freshwater fish species named Eechathalakenda incognita from the Western Ghats of Kerala. About Eechathalakenda incognita Eechathalakenda incognita is a newly identified species of freshwater fish belonging to the Torinae subfamily of the Cyprinidae family, which includes carps and minnows. The species was dis
Prelims Facts 13 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Diseases
Prelims Facts 13 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 10 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Jai Prakash Narayan Bird Sanctuary (Surha Tal)

 The Jai Prakash Narayan Bird Sanctuary, popularly known as Surha Tal, has recently been designated as India’s 100th Ramsar Site. This recognition highlights the ecological significance of the wetland and India’s commitment to the conservation and wise use of wetlands. About Jai Prakash Narayan Bird Sanctuary The Jai Prakash Narayan Bird Sanctuary is located in Uttar Pradesh a
Prelims Facts 08 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 08 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

New Hoverfly Species

 Researchers from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have recently discovered two new species of hoverflies, namely Eristalinus sapphirinus and Eristalinus brunettii, from the Gangetic Plains of West Bengal. The discovery enriches India's insect biodiversity and highlights the ecological importance of hoverflies as pollinators and nutrient recyclers. About Eristalinus sapphirinus and E
Prelims Facts 06 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 04 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Mesalina bishnoi

 Mesalina bishnoi is a newly discovered species of lizard found near Gajner in Bikaner district, Rajasthan. The species inhabits an arid landscape characterized by hard, rocky soil and sparse desert vegetation. It represents the first confirmed record of the genus Mesalina in India. The genus comprises small, fast-moving, diurnal lizards that are adapted to arid and semi-arid environments. A
Prelims Facts 03 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Banni Grassland

 NTPC's proposed solar power project in the Banni Grassland of Gujarat has raised concerns over its potential impact on one of Asia's largest and most fragile natural grassland ecosystems. About Banni Grassland The Banni Grassland is situated along the northern border of Kachchh district in Gujarat, adjoining the Great Rann of Kutch. It is one of the largest tropical grassland eco
Prelims Facts 02 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 02 Jul, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary

 Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Terai belt of the Upper Gangetic Plains in Bahraich district of Uttar Pradesh, near the Indo-Nepal border. In 1987, it was brought under Project Tiger and, along with Dudhwa National Park and Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary, forms the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve. The sanctuary provides an important ecological corridor connecting the tiger habitats of Dud
Prelims Facts 29 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Lake
Prelims Facts 27 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 27 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 25 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Saraswati Wildlife Sanctuary

 Recently, Haryana’s first Constellation Garden was developed inside the Saraswati Wildlife Sanctuary in the Seonsar forest area of Pehowa, highlighting the ecological and cultural importance of this protected region. About Saraswati Wildlife Sanctuary Saraswati Wildlife Sanctuary, also known as the Seonsar Forest, is located in the districts of Kaithal and Kurukshetra in Haryana. T
Prelims Facts 24 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Kumbhalgarh Fort

 The Kumbhalgarh Fort Wall in Rajasthan, popularly known as the “Great Wall of India,” has recently been recognized as the second-longest surviving wall in the world by a UNESCO survey. This recognition has once again highlighted the historical and architectural significance of the fort. About Kumbhalgarh Fort Kumbhalgarh Fort is located in the Rajsamand district of Rajasthan
Prelims Facts 22 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 21 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

LAKE

Prelims Facts 21 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 19 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Western Hoolock Gibbon

 Why in News? Recently, a significant conservation milestone was achieved in Assam when a male Western Hoolock Gibbon successfully crossed a canopy bridge installed over a railway line passing through the Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary. About the Western Hoolock Gibbon The Western Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) is the only ape species naturally found in India and is regarded as th
Prelims Facts 18 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 18 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 18 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary

 Recently, officials from Telangana's Irrigation Department stated that the proposed Pranahita-Chevella Barrage on the Pranahita River will be designed in such a manner that it does not lead to the submergence of the Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary, a biologically rich protected area located near the project site. About Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary The Chaprala Wildlife Sanctuary is situat
Prelims Facts 17 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 17 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 16 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 15 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 15 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Replacement of Old Trucks & Buses in Delhi-NCR

 Recently, the Union Cabinet approved a ₹9,585-crore Scheme for Support to the National Capital Region Planning Board (NCRPB) for Replacement of Old Trucks and Buses in Delhi-NCR. The two-year initiative aims to reduce air pollution in the Delhi–National Capital Region (NCR) by replacing older, highly polluting commercial vehicles with cleaner Bharat Stage-VI (BS-VI) compliant vehicles
Prelims Facts 15 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Labeo kaage

 Scientists from the PAGR Centre of the ICAR–National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBFGR), Kochi, have recently discovered a new species of freshwater fish, named Labeo kaage, from the Shivanasamudra stretch of the Cauvery River basin in Mandya district, Karnataka. The discovery adds to the growing list of fish species identified from the ecologically rich river systems of the W
Prelims Facts 12 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 12 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Tiger reserve
Prelims Facts 10 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 10 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Wildlife sanctuary

Prelims Facts 09 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)

 Recently, the Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change launched the website and logo for the 1st International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) Summit 2026, which will be hosted by India in New Delhi. What is the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)? The International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) is an inter-governmental international organization launched by India in April 2023 during t
Prelims Facts 08 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

METHANE

Prelims Facts 08 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary

 Recently, a leopard was found dead in Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary, prompting forest officials to conduct a post-mortem examination to determine the exact cause of death. The incident has once again drawn attention to this important protected area of the Terai region in northern India. Location and Geographical Importance Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the Maharajganj
Prelims Facts 06 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary

 Recently, a leopard was found dead in Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary, prompting forest officials to conduct a post-mortem examination to determine the exact cause of death. The incident has once again drawn attention to this important protected area of the Terai region in northern India. Location and Geographical Importance Sohagi Barwa Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the Maharajganj
Prelims Facts 06 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 06 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

TIGER RESERVE

Prelims Facts 05 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

NATIONAL PARK
Prelims Facts 04 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

NATIONAL PARK

Prelims Facts 03 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary

The Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary in Gujarat has recently been in the news after a committee of monks demanded the scrapping of its Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ) status, arguing that it restricts religious activities. The sanctuary is ecologically significant as it is home to Asiatic lions and forms an important extension of the Gir forest ecosystem. About Girnar Wildlife Sanctuary The Girnar Wil
Prelims Facts 02 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Whitley Awards 2026

 Indian conservationists Barkha Subba and Parveen Shaikh have recently been awarded the prestigious Whitley Awards, recognising their outstanding work in conserving the Himalayan salamander and the endangered Indian skimmer. The award highlights impactful grassroots conservation efforts from the Global South. About Whitley Awards The Whitley Awards, often called the “Green Oscars&rd
Prelims Facts 01 Jun, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Apis mellifera (Western Honey Bee)

 Recently, scientists at the CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), Pulwama, successfully demonstrated that Apis mellifera can survive sub-zero temperatures. About Apis mellifera Apis mellifera, commonly known as the Western Honey Bee or European Honey Bee, is the most widely distributed and commercially important species of honey bee in the world. It is regarded as the
Prelims Facts 26 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary

 The Gauhati High Court recently directed the Assam Government to respond to a petition alleging that the Forest Department had issued an e-tender for the felling of trees within the Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary without obtaining the mandatory forest clearance from the Central Government. About Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary The Amchang Wildlife Sanctuary is located on the eastern fringe of Gu
Prelims Facts 25 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Water Hyacinth

Recently, the rapid reappearance of water hyacinth in the Mula-Mutha River, only weeks after large-scale clean-up operations, has renewed concerns regarding the absence of a long-term and sustainable solution to control the invasive aquatic weed. About Water Hyacinth Water hyacinth is a free-floating aquatic plant belonging to the pickerelweed family. Its scientific name is Eichhornia crass
Prelims Facts 20 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

ANTELOPE
Prelims Facts 20 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Wildlife sanctuary

Prelims Facts 18 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 16 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

LEAD
Prelims Facts 15 May, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

TIGER RESERVE

Prelims Facts 15 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

SPECIES
Prelims Facts 15 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

WILDLIFE
Prelims Facts 14 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

OAK TREE
Prelims Facts 14 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Marine Nematode Species

 Recently, researchers from the Zoological Survey of India discovered two new species of free-living marine nematodes off the coast of Tamil Nadu. The newly identified species have been named Corononema dhriti and Epacanthion indica. About Corononema dhriti Discovery and Naming Corononema dhriti is a species of free-living marine nematode discovered in the coastal waters of Tamil Nadu.
Prelims Facts 13 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species
Prelims Facts 13 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Shellear Fish

 Recently, scientists discovered that the Shellear fish can climb a vertical waterfall nearly 15 metres (50 feet) high in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. About Shellear Fish The Shellear fish is scientifically known as Parakneria thysi. It is a rare freshwater fish species found in the upper Congo Basin, especially around the Luvilombo Falls on the Luvilombo River. The fish belo
Prelims Facts 13 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Bengal Florican

 The Bengal Florican is one of the rarest and most threatened grassland birds in the world. Recently, concerns have grown significantly because fewer than 1,000 Bengal Floricans are believed to survive globally. The remaining population is now restricted to small and fragmented patches of natural grasslands, making the species highly vulnerable to extinction. The bird is considered an import
Prelims Facts 12 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Turtle

Prelims Facts 12 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

National park
Prelims Facts 12 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM)

 Recently, the 128th meeting of the Enforcement Task Force (ETF) of the Commission for Air Quality Management was held to review measures related to air pollution control in the National Capital Region (NCR) and adjoining areas. The Commission plays an important role in addressing the growing problem of air pollution in and around Delhi-NCR. About the Commission for Air Quality Management
Prelims Facts 10 May, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Multi-Hazard Early Warning Decision Support System

The Multi-Hazard Early Warning Decision Support System (MH-EWDSS) marks a significant advancement in India’s weather forecasting and disaster management framework. It reflects the country’s shift toward a more technology-driven and proactive approach for dealing with natural disasters and extreme weather events. The system strengthens India’s capability to provide faster, mor
Prelims Facts 08 May, 2026 GS-3 Disaster Management

Sloth Bear

 Recently, officials of the Karnataka Forest Department captured a sloth bear that had been roaming in villages around Shivamogga Airport. About Sloth Bear The Sloth Bear is one of the eight species of bears found in the world. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and is mainly found in forested regions of South Asia. The species is scientifically adapted for feeding on insects and
Prelims Facts 07 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Humpback Whale

A recent incident in the Baltic Sea saw a stranded humpback whale successfully return to open waters, highlighting both the resilience of marine species and the challenges posed by changing ocean conditions. About the Humpback Whale The Humpback Whale is a species of baleen whale belonging to the rorqual family Balaenopteridae. It is one of the most well-known large whales due to its distinc
Prelims Facts 06 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Earth Hour

 Recently, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) India, in collaboration with the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, organised awareness and outreach activities in Gwalior to mark 20 years of Earth Hour. This milestone highlights the campaign’s evolution into a global environmental movement promoting sustainability and climate action. About Earth Hour Earth Hour is a global grassro
Prelims Facts 05 May, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Satpura Tiger Reserve

 Recently, a tiger in Satpura Tiger Reserve was allegedly poisoned to death, leading to the arrest of five individuals. This incident highlights the serious threats to wildlife conservation, including poaching and human-wildlife conflict. Location and Composition Satpura Tiger Reserve is located in the state of Madhya Pradesh, within the Satpura mountain ranges of central India. It lies s
Prelims Facts 05 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Red-crowned Roofed Turtle

 Recently, the Red-crowned Roofed Turtle, once considered a “jewel of the Ganga River,” is now confined to a rapidly shrinking habitat, raising serious concerns about its survival and the health of river ecosystems. About the Species The Red-crowned Roofed Turtle is a freshwater turtle species endemic to South Asia. It belongs to the genus Batagur and is one of the three large
Prelims Facts 04 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Steppe Eagle

 The Steppe Eagle is a large migratory bird of prey belonging to the subfamily Aquilinae, commonly referred to as the “booted eagles.” Recently, the western part of Rajasthan has been identified as an important wintering stronghold for this species, highlighting India’s role in its survival. Appearance The Steppe Eagle is a large, bulky, and powerful-looking raptor. It i
Prelims Facts 04 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sperm Whale

 Researchers from the University of St Andrews have, for the first time, recorded sperm whales headbutting each other on camera. This rare observation provides new insights into their social and possibly competitive behaviour. About Sperm Whale The Sperm Whale is the largest of all toothed whales and is easily recognized by its massive square-shaped head and narrow lower jaw. It possesses th
Prelims Facts 01 May, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

National Biodiversity Authority

 The National Biodiversity Authority has recently launched a short-term internship programme for students pursuing graduation and post-graduation. This programme will be offered for a duration of up to three months and aims to provide students with practical exposure to biodiversity conservation and policy frameworks.this initiative promotes awareness and capacity building among young scholars
Prelims Facts 30 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Kolleru Lake

Recent observations by environmental activists indicate that the Kolleru Lake has experienced a significant decline in ecological health over the past 50 years. This raises serious concerns, as the lake is one of India’s most important freshwater ecosystems and supports both biodiversity and local livelihoods. The decline of Kolleru Lake reflects a broader challenge of wetland degradatio
Prelims Facts 29 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Shaheen Falcon

Recently, a pair of Shaheen Falcon was found nesting in a multi-storey residential complex under construction in Kochi. This highlights the bird’s adaptability to urban environments and raises awareness about its conservation. About Shaheen Falcon The Shaheen Falcon is a non-migratory subspecies of the Peregrine falcon, scientifically known as Falco peregrinus peregrinator. It is a
Prelims Facts 27 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary

Recently, the National Board for Wildlife approved a proposal of the Assam Government to rationalise the boundary of the Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary. This decision aims to improve habitat management and strengthen conservation measures in the sanctuary. Location and Establishment The Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the state of Assam. It was established in 1998 to protect the r
Prelims Facts 26 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Prosopis juliflora

 Recently, the Madras High Court issued 34 directions for the eradication of the invasive species Prosopis juliflora from Tamil Nadu. The court’s intervention highlights growing concerns over ecological degradation caused by invasive species. About Prosopis juliflora Prosopis juliflora is a thorny shrub or small tree belonging to the Fabaceae (legume) family, commonly known as a type of
Prelims Facts 26 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve

Recently, the government of Tamil Nadu informed the Madras High Court that illegal resorts operating within the eco-sensitive zone of the Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve have been locked and sealed. This step aims to curb environmental violations and protect fragile wildlife habitats. About Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve Location and Landscape The Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve is located in
Prelims Facts 25 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Methane

Recent satellite data analysed by Carbon Mapper revealed that 15 of the world’s top 25 methane emission sites in 2025 from the oil and gas sector are located in Turkmenistan. This highlights the global significance of methane emissions and the urgent need to address them in climate action strategies. About Methane Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas responsible for rou
Prelims Facts 25 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Nagoya Protocol

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has recently submitted India’s First National Report on the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) to the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). This report highlights India’s progress in implementing international rules related to the use of genetic resources
Prelims Facts 20 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Kanha Tiger Reserve

The Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve has recently completed all necessary formalities to translocate around 50 wild Asiatic water buffaloes to Kanha Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh. This translocation will be done in a phase-wise manner to ensure safety and proper adaptation of the animals in the new habitat. In the first phase, a small number of buffaloes (around 5–15 indivi
Prelims Facts 20 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Great Indian Bustard (GIB)

 Recently, the Government of India informed that Project Great Indian Bustard (GIB) has entered the fourth year of its captive breeding programme. This programme is a crucial conservation effort aimed at increasing the population of the species and preventing its extinction, as the bird is on the brink of disappearing from the wild. About the Great Indian Bustard The Great Indian Bustard
Prelims Facts 18 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Recently, the United Nations Environment Programme released a report titled “Safe Disposal of Unused Medicines”, which highlights that the improper disposal of medicines poses serious risks to both environmental and public health. The report emphasizes that pharmaceutical waste can contaminate water and soil, harm ecosystems, and contribute to antimicrobial resistance, making it
Prelims Facts 18 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Deepor Beel

 Recent reports indicate that illegal earth cutting is continuing in a wetland area connected to Deepor Beel in the Satmile region of Guwahati. This is happening despite prohibitory orders by the district administration and restrictions imposed by the Gauhati High Court, raising serious concerns about wetland degradation and ecological damage. About Deepor Beel Deepor Beel is a permane
Prelims Facts 17 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Spotted Hyena

 A recent study has highlighted the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) as an unexpected “eco-warrior” in Ethiopia’s second-largest city, Mekelle. The research shows that hyenas play an important ecological and sanitary role in urban environments by scavenging waste and helping reduce the spread of disease by consuming organic refuse and carcasses. This unusual adaptation reflects
Prelims Facts 15 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Silent Valley National Park

 A recent comprehensive bird survey in Silent Valley National Park has recorded 192 bird species, highlighting the rich avian biodiversity of this ecologically sensitive rainforest region. The findings reaffirm the park’s status as one of India’s most important biodiversity hotspots. Location and Geography Silent Valley National Park is located in the southwestern part of the
Prelims Facts 13 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Doomsday Fish

 Recently, two giant oarfish—popularly known as “doomsday fish”—were spotted near the shore in Cabo San Lucas. This is considered an extremely rare event, as these creatures usually inhabit deep ocean waters and seldom come to the surface. About Doomsday Fish (Oarfish) The oarfish, scientifically known as Regalecus glesne, is a deep-sea fish often referred to as th
Prelims Facts 13 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

UN Report on Migratory Species

 The interim update of the UN State of the World’s Migratory Species Report 2024 highlights a worrying global trend, stating that 49% of migratory species populations are declining under the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. Key Findings of the Report Population Decline and Rising Extinction Risk The report shows that nearly half of all CMS-list
Prelims Facts 11 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Anavaran Portal

 Recently, the Forest Survey of India discontinued its Anavaran Deforestation Alert System, which was designed to monitor forest cover loss across the country. About Anavaran Portal The Anavaran Portal is a digital monitoring system that has been operational since January 2024. It was developed to track deforestation and forest cover loss using advanced technologies. The system enabled
Prelims Facts 11 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

 India has submitted its 7th National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity, providing a comprehensive assessment of progress toward 23 National Biodiversity Targets (NBTs) and 142 indicators aligned with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. The report highlights that only two out of the 23 targets are currently on track, while others lack quantitative evidence and
Prelims Facts 11 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Stenothoe lowryi

For the first time in India, a rare marine amphipod species named Stenothoe lowryi has been discovered in Indian waters. The species was identified by researchers from Berhampur University during a marine survey at Aryjapalli Beach in Odisha’s Ganjam district. Previously, this species was known only from the coastal waters of Malaysia, making its discovery in India significant for mar
Prelims Facts 09 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Koala

 A recent study has highlighted that a rapid rebound in koala populations in southeastern Australia is also improving their genetic diversity, offering hope in reversing the risk of extinction. About Koala The Koala is an iconic animal of Australia. Although often called a “koala bear,” it is actually a marsupial, meaning it carries and nurtures its young in a pouch. Its scient
Prelims Facts 08 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Blue Sparrow Missile

 Israel reportedly used the Blue Sparrow missile in a high-profile strike targeting Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in Tehran. This development has brought global attention to the missile’s capabilities and its evolving role in modern warfare. About Blue Sparrow Missile The Blue Sparrow missile is part of a family of air-launched ballistic missiles, which also includes the Black Sparrow and
Prelims Facts 07 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Striped Hyena

 Tajikistan and Uzbekistan have recently proposed the inclusion of the striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in Appendix I and II of the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS). This proposal will be discussed at the upcoming CMS COP15 (Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals), aiming to strengthen global conservation efforts for this species. About Striped Hyena Taxonom
Prelims Facts 06 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sambar Deer

 The Wildlife Wing of the Himachal Pradesh Forest Department recently recorded the presence of sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) in high-altitude protected areas of Chamba district using camera traps. This is the first confirmed observation of the species in these regions, highlighting their adaptability to higher altitudes. About Sambar Deer The sambar deer is a large deer species native to th
Prelims Facts 05 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sharavathi Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Project

 The High Court of Karnataka recently ordered the issuance of notices to both the Central and State governments regarding a Public Interest Litigation (PIL). The PIL questions the legality of approvals given by the State Wildlife Board and the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife for the Sharavathi Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Project (PSHP). About the Project The Sharava
Prelims Facts 03 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Dusky Eagle Owl

Recently, a pair of rare Dusky Eagle Owls was sighted in the Phato tourism zone of the Terai West forest division, adjacent to the Corbett Tiger Reserve in Uttarakhand. This is significant because such sightings had not been reported in this area for 15 years, indicating the presence of a stable or recovering population in the region. About the Dusky Eagle Owl The Dusky Eagle Owl (Bubo c
Prelims Facts 02 Apr, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD)

A recent death in Karnataka due to Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), also known as monkey fever, has brought renewed attention to this tick-borne viral disease, which can turn fatal if not detected early. About Kyasanur Forest Disease Kyasanur Forest Disease is a tick-borne viral haemorrhagic disease that is mainly found in southern India. It was first reported in 1957 in the Kyasanur Forest of
Prelims Facts 21 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sacred Groves in India

 Recent reports from Kapena village, Odisha, highlight how communal tensions between tribal communities and Christians have disrupted the practice and sanctity of tribal sacred groves. Sacred groves are not only cultural and religious spaces but also ecological treasures, conserved for generations by local communities. What Are Sacred Groves? Sacred groves are patches of virgin or near-natura
Prelims Facts 18 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Red-Eared Slider Turtle

 The Red-eared slider, an invasive freshwater turtle, has become a growing ecological concern in Coimbatore. Originally introduced through the pet trade, these turtles are now being released into local water bodies, threatening native aquatic biodiversity. Their uncontrolled release can disrupt freshwater ecosystems and harm native turtle species. About the Red-Eared Slider The red-eared
Prelims Facts 17 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Forever Chemicals (PFAS)

 Recent scientific studies of human blood samples collected between 2003 and 2021 have revealed that the levels of older PFAS, commonly known as “forever chemicals,” dropped by 86%. This reduction occurred because manufacturers stopped producing certain older PFAS compounds. What Are Forever Chemicals? Forever chemicals, scientifically referred to as PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalky
Prelims Facts 17 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Steel Slag

 Recently, the Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Science and Technology in India advocated the wider adoption of steel slag–based road construction and repair technology, particularly in hilly and Himalayan regions. The initiative aims to promote sustainable infrastructure and efficient use of industrial waste. About Steel Slag Steel slag is an industrial by-product g
Prelims Facts 16 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Indian Skimmer

 Recently, the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) launched a new conservation project under the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) in Dehradun to protect the Indian Skimmer in the Ganga Basin. The initiative aims to conserve this endangered riverine bird species and its fragile habitat. About the Indian Skimmer The Indian Skimmer is a unique water bird belonging to the genus Rynch
Prelims Facts 14 Mar, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Indian Bison (Gaur)

 Recently, the population of the Indian Bison in Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary has recorded a remarkable increase of 189 individuals within a year, taking the total population to 848. This sharp rise reflects effective conservation management and habitat protection efforts in the sanctuary. About Indian Bison (Gaur) The Indian Bison, scientifically known as Bos gaurus, is the largest speci
Prelims Facts 28 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Irrawaddy Dolphin

 The Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has launched the second nationwide range-wide estimation of riverine and estuarine dolphins under Project Dolphin. For the first time, this survey includes the Irrawaddy dolphin population in the Sundarbans and Odisha, marking an important step toward comprehensive conservation planning. About the Irrawaddy Dolphin
Prelims Facts 28 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Pufferfish

Recently, scientists confirmed India’s first documented case of pufferfish poisoning, raising serious concerns about food safety and public health in regions where fish consumption is common. The incident has drawn attention to the toxic nature of certain pufferfish species and the need for greater awareness. About Pufferfish Pufferfish belong to the order Tetraodontiformes, a grou
Prelims Facts 21 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Gharial

 The Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), a critically endangered fish-eating crocodile, has recently been surveyed across the Ganga River basin. Despite facing serious threats to its survival, the survey revealed a population of 3,037 gharials inhabiting 13 rivers, providing hope for the conservation of this unique species. About Gharial The gharial is a freshwater crocodile belonging to the
Prelims Facts 19 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Miyawaki Method

 The Miyawaki Method is a revolutionary afforestation technique developed by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki in the 1970s. It is specifically designed to create dense, fast-growing forests in limited spaces, making it highly suitable for urban areas where green cover has declined over the decades. About the Miyawaki Method The technique involves planting trees and shrubs very close
Prelims Facts 18 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Bannerghatta National Park

 The Central Empowered Committee (CEC) has recommended that the Ecologically Sensitive Zone (ESZ) around Bannerghatta National Park be restored to its original 2016 extent. The recommendation aims to strengthen environmental protection around the park amid concerns over urban expansion and ecological pressure from Bengaluru. About Bannerghatta National Park Bannerghatta National Park (BNP
Prelims Facts 16 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

National Environmental Standard Laboratory (NESL)

 The CSIR–National Physical Laboratory has recently established the National Environmental Standard Laboratory (NESL) to strengthen India’s environmental monitoring and standardisation framework. This initiative aims to enhance the accuracy, reliability, and credibility of air pollution and environmental data in the country. About National Environmental Standard Laboratory (NESL)
Prelims Facts 15 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Charophytes

 Recent research conducted across 27 test lakes in northeastern Germany has revealed a significant increase in the abundance of charophytes. This finding is important because charophytes are considered key indicators of healthy freshwater ecosystems, particularly in lakes. About Charophytes Charophytes are a type of green algae that are regarded as the closest living relatives of land
Prelims Facts 14 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Central Ground Water Board

 The Central Ground Water Board recently published its Annual Ground Water Quality Report – 2025, which revealed that Andhra Pradesh is among the states facing widespread groundwater contamination as per the standards prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). This finding highlights serious concerns regarding drinking water safety, public health, and sustainable groundwater m
Prelims Facts 14 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Indian Giant Squirrel

During the ongoing All India Tiger Estimation 2026 survey, the Indian Giant Squirrel, Maharashtra’s state animal, was recently sighted in the Atwan region of the Pune Forest Division. Locally known as Shekru, its sighting highlights the biodiversity richness of the region. About the Indian Giant Squirrel The Indian giant squirrel, also known as the Malabar Giant Squirrel, is a larg
Prelims Facts 13 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Phayre’s Leaf Monkey

 Recently, it was reported that rapid habitat destruction is forcing the arboreal Phayre’s leaf monkey to alter its natural behavioural patterns. This development raises concerns about the long-term survival of the species. About Phayre’s Leaf Monkey The Phayre’s leaf monkey (Trachypithecus phayrei) is a species of Old World monkey. It is both diurnal (active during the
Prelims Facts 12 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Aerosols

A recent study has highlighted that water vapour contributes more to atmospheric heating than aerosols. However, aerosols continue to play a complex and significant role in influencing climate, air quality, and human health. About Aerosols Aerosols are fine solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere. They typically remain in the atmosphere for a few days to weeks before settli
Prelims Facts 11 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Grey Slender Loris

 Recently, the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu have initiated efforts to restore habitats and strengthen monitoring mechanisms for the conservation of the grey slender loris, a rare and threatened primate species found in southern India. About Grey Slender Loris The grey slender loris (Loris lydekkerianus) is a species of primate belonging to the family Loridae. It is classified as a pros
Prelims Facts 10 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

M-STrIPES

 Forest staff participating in the tiger and wildlife census at Anamalai Tiger Reserve will use the Monitoring System for Tigers: Intensive Protection and Ecological Status (M-STrIPES) mobile application to enhance monitoring and data accuracy. About M-STrIPES M-STrIPES is a software-based monitoring system developed to assist in the protection, monitoring, and ecological assessment of ti
Prelims Facts 08 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Bio-Bitumen

 Recently, the Union Minister of State for Science and Technology stated that India has entered an era of “Clean, Green Highways” following the successful technology transfer of “Bio-Bitumen via Pyrolysis: From Farm Residue to Roads.” This development highlights India’s progress towards sustainable infrastructure and reduced dependence on petroleum-based materials.
Prelims Facts 07 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve

 The Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve (TATR) has recently undertaken a sterilisation and vaccination programme to address the growing menace of stray dogs in and around the reserve. The initiative aims to reduce the risk of disease transmission to wildlife and minimise human–wildlife conflict in the region. Location of Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve is located
Prelims Facts 07 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Delhi’s Measures to Control Vehicular Pollution

 Amid deteriorating air quality, the Delhi government has tightened vehicular pollution controls to curb emissions from road transport. As part of these measures, private vehicles registered outside Delhi that do not comply with Bharat Stage (BS) VI emission norms have been barred from entering the Capital. In addition, vehicles without a valid Pollution Under Control Certificate (PUCC) are als
Prelims Facts 06 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Double-Humped Bactrian Camel

 Ladakh’s double-humped Bactrian camels are set to make their debut at the 77th Republic Day Parade, highlighting the cultural and ecological significance of this rare species native to India’s high-altitude cold deserts. About the Double-Humped Bactrian Camel The double-humped Bactrian camel is scientifically known as Camelus bactrianus. These large, even-toed ungulates are
Prelims Facts 04 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

White-Bellied Heron

 Recently, an expert panel of the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) recommended granting environmental clearance (EC) to the Kalai-II Hydroelectric Project on the Lohit River in Arunachal Pradesh. The project site falls within a known habitat of the critically endangered White-bellied Heron, raising conservation concerns. About the White-Bellied Heron The
Prelims Facts 03 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Eastern Imperial Eagle

 Wildlife enthusiasts have recently confirmed the presence of the Eastern Imperial Eagle in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve during the winter migratory season. This sighting highlights the importance of the reserve as a wintering ground for migratory birds of prey. About the Eastern Imperial Eagle The Eastern Imperial Eagle is a large bird of prey belonging to the family Accipitridae. Its sci
Prelims Facts 02 Feb, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Carbon-Based Filter

A recent field-based study has showcased an innovative approach to combat PFAS (Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances) contamination in groundwater. The study demonstrates that a specially engineered carbon material can be injected underground to trap and remove PFAS, offering a cost-effective and long-term remediation solution for polluted sites. This development could revolutionize the way we addr
Prelims Facts 22 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Red-Shanked Douc Monkey

 Recently, customs officials at the Kempegowda International Airport (KIA) arrested a passenger for smuggling two Red-shanked douc monkeys, highlighting concerns related to illegal wildlife trade. About Red-Shanked Douc Monkey The Red-shanked douc monkey (Pygathrix nemaeus) is an Old World monkey and is often referred to as the “Queen of Primates” due to its striking appearanc
Prelims Facts 17 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Ratle Hydroelectric Project

 Megha Engineering and Infrastructures Limited (MEIL), the construction contractor for the Ratle Hydroelectric Project, recently stated that it may withdraw from the project if the local administration fails to prevent threats and interference from local groups and political actors. The statement has raised concerns regarding the timely completion and security of strategic infrastructure projec
Prelims Facts 16 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Global Environment Outlook 2025

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) released the 7th edition of the Global Environment Outlook (GEO-7) in 2025 during the 7th session of UNEP held in Nairobi, Kenya. The report provides a comprehensive assessment of the state of the global environment, emerging risks, and pathways to sustainability. Key Highlights of the Global Environment Outlook 2025 Rising Greenhouse Gas E
Prelims Facts 16 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Bar-Headed Goose

 In a first-of-its-kind study in eastern India, a Bar-Headed Goose fitted with a GSM-GPS transmitter has revealed its migration route and flying patterns. This research provides valuable insights into high-altitude migratory behavior, helping conservationists and scientists understand the species’ movement and ecology better. About Bar-Headed Goose The Bar-Headed Goose is a migrator
Prelims Facts 15 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

New Ramsar Sites in India

 Recently, Siliserh Lake in Alwar, Rajasthan and Kopra Jalashay near Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh have been officially designated as Ramsar Sites, joining the list of wetlands of international importance under the Ramsar Convention. About Ramsar Sites Ramsar Sites are wetlands designated under the Ramsar Convention (1971) for their international ecological, hydrological, and biodiversity signif
Prelims Facts 15 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Champions of the Earth Award

Ms. Supriya Sahu, the Additional Chief Secretary of the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Forests, Government of Tamil Nadu, has been awarded the UN Environment Programme’s (UNEP) Champions of the Earth Award 2025 for her leadership in environmental governance. About the Champions of the Earth Award The Champions of the Earth Award was instituted in 2005 by the United N
Prelims Facts 13 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Deodar Tree

 Recent scientific studies on Deodar trees in the Sangla Valley of Himachal Pradesh have revealed valuable evidence of long-term climatic shifts. Tree-ring data indicate a transition from wetter spring conditions during pre-historic times to drier climatic conditions from around the year 1757 onwards, highlighting the role of Deodar trees in climate reconstruction. About the Deodar Tree T
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Invasive Alien Plant Species in India

 A recent Nature Sustainability study has highlighted that invasive alien plants are spreading across nearly 15,500 square kilometres of India’s natural areas every year. Over the last 60 years, these invasions have caused economic losses estimated at ₹8.3 lakh crore and pose serious threats to ecosystems, wildlife, agriculture, and rural livelihoods. What are Invasive Alien Plant Sp
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Goniopora Coral

 Scientists have recently reported that a combination of extreme heat stress and a rare outbreak of Black Band Disease has destroyed nearly 75 per cent of Goniopora coral colonies at a site on the Great Barrier Reef. About Goniopora Coral Goniopora, commonly known as flowerpot coral or daisy coral, is a type of hard coral belonging to the Poritidae family. It is known for its striking app
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Pallas’s Gull

 The rare migratory Pallas’s Gull was recently sighted at Udhwa Lake Bird Sanctuary in Jharkhand, marking its return after nearly a decade. This sighting highlights the ecological importance of the sanctuary along major migratory routes. About Pallas’s Gull Pallas’s Gull, also known as the Great Black-headed Gull, is a large gull species belonging to the Laridae family.
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Buxa Tiger Reserve

 Recently, a mega four-month wildlife survey has been launched across the Buxa Tiger Reserve. The survey aims to assess the status of wildlife populations, habitat conditions, and biodiversity health within the reserve, strengthening conservation and management efforts. Location and Geographical Setting Buxa Tiger Reserve is located in the Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal. Its northern
Prelims Facts 10 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

African Penguin

 Recently, a scientific study revealed that more than 60,000 African penguins died of starvation between 2004 and 2011 following the collapse of sardine stocks, which are a primary food source for the species. This finding highlights the severe impact of marine ecosystem changes on seabird populations. About African Penguin The African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) is a flightless marine
Prelims Facts 10 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Hoolock Gibbon

Recently, a stranded family of Hoolock gibbons was successfully rescued in the Lower Dibang Valley district of Arunachal Pradesh by forest and wildlife officials, highlighting ongoing conservation efforts for India’s only ape species. About Hoolock Gibbon Hoolock gibbons belong to the family of gibbons, which are the smallest and fastest of all apes. They inhabit tropical and subt
Prelims Facts 06 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Ramgarh Vishdhari Tiger Reserve (RVTR)

 In a significant conservation milestone, a tigress will be airlifted from the Pench Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh to the Ramgarh Vishdhari Tiger Reserve (RVTR) in Rajasthan. This marks Rajasthan’s first inter-state tiger translocation and India’s second such translocation, covering a distance of nearly 800 km. About Ramgarh Vishdhari Tiger Reserve Ramgarh Vishdhari Tiger Re
Prelims Facts 04 Jan, 2026 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Dudhwa Tiger Reserve

 A Rainbow Water Snake was recently recorded for the first time in Uttar Pradesh, with photographic evidence obtained from the buffer area of the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve. This sighting highlights the rich and relatively under-documented herpetofaunal diversity of the Terai region. About Dudhwa Tiger Reserve Dudhwa Tiger Reserve is located along the Indo–Nepal border in Lakhimpur Kheri
Prelims Facts 30 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Rock Eagle Owl

 Recently, the discovery of a Rock Eagle Owl nest led the Telangana Forest Department to halt quarrying operations for over a month. This action highlights the ecological importance of the species and the need to protect its natural habitat. About the Rock Eagle Owl The Rock Eagle Owl, scientifically named Bubo bengalensis, is also known as the Indian eagle-owl or Bengal eagle-owl. It is
Prelims Facts 27 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Fluoride

 Recently, a non-governmental organization (NGO) reported that excess fluoride in drinking water in several villages of Mayurbhanj district, Odisha, has resulted in widespread fluorosis among the local population. This incident highlights a serious public health concern arising from groundwater contamination. About Fluoride Fluoride is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine with the ch
Prelims Facts 25 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Svalbard

 Recently, scientists observed an unexpected gathering of walruses on the remote shores of Svalbard, a Norwegian archipelago located in the Arctic Ocean between mainland Norway and the North Pole. This discovery highlights the significance of the region for Arctic wildlife and climate studies. About Svalbard Geography: Svalbard is situated approximately halfway between the North Pol
Prelims Facts 21 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

The international community has convened in Belém, located in the Brazilian state of Pará, for the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the UNFCCC. The conference brings together global leaders, negotiators, and experts to advance climate action and review progress under the Paris Agreement. About the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Overv
Prelims Facts 01 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

National Board for Wildlife

The Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) has recently recommended 13 defence and paramilitary projects, most of which are located in the high-altitude protected areas of Ladakh, with one project proposed in Arunachal Pradesh. These recommendations reflect the ongoing need to balance national security requirements with wildlife conservation concerns in ecologically sensi
Prelims Facts 01 Dec, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Papikonda National Park

A recent study has documented 51 species of herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians) in Papikonda National Park. About Papikonda National Park Location: Papikonda National Park is located in the East Godavari and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is one of the most ecologically rich parks in the state, with a diverse array of flora and fauna. Establishment and Area:
Prelims Facts 09 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Striped Dolphin

A pod of striped dolphins, which are uncommon in Andhra Pradesh's waters, was recently spotted off the coast of Visakhapatnam. This rare sighting has drawn attention from both local and international marine biologists, as striped dolphins are typically found in more temperate and tropical oceans but are not frequently seen in the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh. About the Striped Dolphi
Prelims Facts 09 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Papikonda National Park

A recent study has documented 51 species of herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians) in Papikonda National Park. About Papikonda National Park Location: Papikonda National Park is located in the East Godavari and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is one of the most ecologically rich parks in the state, with a diverse array of flora and fauna. Establishment and Area:
Prelims Facts 08 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Striped Dolphin

A pod of striped dolphins, which are uncommon in Andhra Pradesh's waters, was recently spotted off the coast of Visakhapatnam. This rare sighting has drawn attention from both local and international marine biologists, as striped dolphins are typically found in more temperate and tropical oceans but are not frequently seen in the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh. About the Striped Dolphi
Prelims Facts 08 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR)

Recent News: A tigress named Jhumri has played a significant role in reviving the tiger population in Achanakmar Tiger Reserve (ATR), according to recent reports from forest officials. About Achanakmar Tiger Reserve Location: District: Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh It is part of the Achanakmar - Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, making it an essential ecological zone in central I
Prelims Facts 06 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Blackbuck Reintroduction in Chhattisgarh

 The Chhattisgarh government has successfully reintroduced the blackbuck into the state’s forests as part of a five-year reintroduction plan. This initiative is part of broader conservation efforts to restore the natural habitat and population of the species. About Blackbuck: Scientific Name: Antilope cervicapra Native Regions: Blackbucks are native to India and Nepal.
Prelims Facts 04 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Silent Valley National Park

In a recent odonate survey (focused on dragonflies and damselflies) conducted in Silent Valley National Park, six new species of these fascinating insects were discovered. About Silent Valley National Park Silent Valley National Park is a pristine stretch of wet evergreen forest located in the Nilgiri Hills of Kerala, South India. It is one of the last undisturbed tropical rainforests i
Prelims Facts 03 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI)

 The National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) is a prominent research institution in India, focusing on environmental science and engineering. It conducts research and develops innovative solutions for environmental management and pollution control. Key Details about NEERI: Establishment: NEERI was founded in 1958 in Nagpur as the Central Public Health Engineeri
Prelims Facts 03 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Yellow-Crested Cockatoos

 The Yellow-crested cockatoos (Cacatua sulphurea) in Hong Kong are facing a growing challenge in terms of their natural nesting sites. Due to the combined threats of typhoons, tree trimming, and urban development, these birds are losing access to the natural habitats that they rely on for nesting. In response to this, conservationists in Hong Kong have stepped in by installing artificial nest b
Prelims Facts 03 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Blue Flag Certification

 Five beaches in Maharashtra recently earned the prestigious Blue Flag certification, which is an internationally recognized eco-label for beaches, marinas, and sustainable tourism boats. About the Blue Flag Certification: What is Blue Flag? The Blue Flag certification is awarded by the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE) in Denmark. It is a globally recognized eco-label
Prelims Facts 02 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Indian Wolf

 The Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) has been evaluated separately by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for the first time, marking an important step towards understanding and conserving this unique subspecies. About the Indian Wolf Species: The Indian wolf is a subspecies of the Grey Wolf (Canis lupus) and is found primarily across the Indian subcontinent
Prelims Facts 01 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Integrated Alert System (SACHET)

 At the ongoing G20 Ministerial Meeting in Durban, India highlighted its disaster risk reduction (DRR) efforts, with a key focus on SACHET, India's Integrated Alert System. The Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister emphasized India’s multi-agency approach integrating various meteorological, hydrological, seismic, and oceanographic institutions through a Common Alert Protocol (CAP)
Prelims Facts 01 Nov, 2025 GS-3 Disaster Management

Green Sea Turtle

 The Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) has recently seen a positive shift in its IUCN Red List status. Previously classified as Endangered, the species' status has improved to Least Concern due to sustained conservation efforts. Key Facts About the Green Sea Turtle: Largest Hard-Shelled Sea Turtle: The Green Sea Turtle holds the title of the largest hard-shelled sea turtle spe
Prelims Facts 31 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

World Commission on Protected Areas

 The IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) plays a pivotal role in global conservation efforts. Recently, the Director of Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve received the Kenton R. Miller Award, highlighting the park's exemplary contribution to conservation and protected area management. About IUCN’s World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA): The WCPA is one of
Prelims Facts 31 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Southern Right Whale

 The Southern Right Whale (scientific name Eubalaena australis) has recently shown concerning signs of reduced calf production, suggesting that climate change may be disrupting their reproduction. These whales, once heavily hunted for their valuable body parts, have made a notable recovery, but now they face new threats, including the ongoing impacts of environmental disruptions. About the S
Prelims Facts 30 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (STR)

The Madras High Court recently directed authorities to take appropriate action against all illegal resorts and tourist lodges functioning within the prohibited zone of the Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (STR). This decision aims to protect the reserve's wildlife and ecosystems from unregulated tourism and construction activities that could disturb the reserve's biodiversity. About Sat
Prelims Facts 29 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)

 Recently, the Supreme Court of India has sought responses from the Centre, the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), and other concerned parties regarding a Public Interest Litigation (PIL). This PIL seeks a CBI probe into an alleged organised tiger-poaching and illegal wildlife trade racket operating in states like Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. About the National Tiger Conservat
Prelims Facts 28 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary

 As part of the Wildlife Week celebrations, Delhi's Forest and Wildlife Department recently announced six days of daily bird walks at the Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary. About Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary The Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary is a significant ecological area located on the Southern Delhi Ridge of the Aravalli hill range, straddling the Delhi-Haryana border. Loc
Prelims Facts 25 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Painted Stork

 A pair of painted storks has recently been spotted in Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve (KNPTR) after a four-year hiatus. About the Painted Stork The painted stork (scientific name: Mycteria leucocephala) is a large wading bird belonging to the stork family Distribution: Painted storks are commonly found across the Indian Subcontinent, extending into Southeast Asia. The
Prelims Facts 23 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA)

The National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA) recently came into focus after two years of political and administrative controversy over the structural integrity of the Kaleshwaram project barrages. The Indian government has decided to repair the three barrages of the project based on the suggestions provided by the NDSA, which has been tasked with ensuring the safety of dams across the country.
Prelims Facts 22 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Disaster Management

Koalas and Chlamydia Vaccine

 Australia has recently approved the world’s first vaccine designed to protect koalas from Chlamydia, a major health threat to the iconic marsupial. About Koalas Koalas (scientific name: Phascolarctos cinereus) are herbivorous marsupials native to Australia. They are most commonly found in eucalyptus forests and are arboreal, meaning they spend most of their time in trees. Known for
Prelims Facts 21 Oct, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Cameroon Islands and Douala-Edea National Park

 Cameroon Islands and Douala-Edea National Park Context: In Cameroon, the NGO Papaye International runs a sanctuary for orphaned chimpanzees across three islands within the Douala-Edea National Park. This initiative is part of the larger conservation efforts to protect the region's unique wildlife, including endangered chimpanzees. Cameroon Islands: The Cameroon Islands are pa
Prelims Facts 03 Jan, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Jim Corbett National Park:

   Jim Corbett National Park: Jim Corbett National Park, located in the Nainital district of Uttarakhand, is one of the most renowned national parks in India. It is part of the Corbett Tiger Reserve and plays a significant role in wildlife conservation, particularly in protecting the Bengal tiger. Established in 1936 as Hailey National Park, it is the oldest national park in India and
Prelims Facts 03 Dec, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

International Big Cat Alliance

 Overview: The Union Cabinet formally announced the establishment of International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) with one-time budgetary support of Rs 150 crore from the central government until 2028. About International Big Cat Alliance: It is an initiative launched by the Prime Minister of India in April 2023 in Mysuru commemorating the 50th anniversary of Project Tiger. The objective of
Prelims Facts 06 Mar, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

A recent study has claimed that BioTRIG, a new waste management technology could help rural Indians.

 About BioTRIG: It is a new waste management technology based on the pyrolysis system. It works by sealing the waste inside an oxygen-free chamber and heating it above 400 degrees Celsius. Useful chemicals are produced in the process. In the study, the researchers outlined that three products of pyrolysis — bio-oil, syngas and biochar fertilizer — could help rural Indians live
Prelims Facts 06 Mar, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Jacaranda Bloom

 Overview: The early onset bloom of jacaranda set off alarm bells among residents and scientists in Mexico City. About Jacaranda Bloom: It’s also known by its synonym Jacaranda acutifolia. It is a deciduous tree, Jacaranda mimosifolia comes from the Bignoniaceae family. Blue jacaranda is native of Brazil and North West Argentina. These are hardy trees that grow well in tropical
Prelims Facts 06 Mar, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

What is Melanochlamys Droupadi

 Overview: Researchers of the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) recently discovered a new species of head-shield sea slug from Odisha and the West Bengal coast named ‘Melanochlamys Droupadi’. About Melanochlamys Droupadi It is a new marine species of head-shield sea slug with ruby red spot. This species belonging to Melanochlamys genus was discovered from Digha of West Beng
Prelims Facts 05 Mar, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Pinanga Subterranea

 Pinanga subterranea is a species of palm tree native to Borneo. It's the 1st known species of palm to flower and fruit almost exclusively underground. This rare phenomenon has only been recorded in one other plant group, the orchid Rhizanthella.
Prelims Facts 05 Feb, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

ReTro

 Chinese scientists recently announced that they have cloned a Rhesus monkey named ReTro that lived to adulthood. The scientists created ReTro using a slightly modified version to create Dolly the Sheep and other mammals like the long-tailed macaque, which was the first primate to be cloned.
Prelims Facts 03 Feb, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Bharat stage emission standards

 Context: The Supreme Court Thursday asked the Centre to formulate a policy to phase out heavy-duty diesel vehicles and to replace them with BSVI vehicles. News: The Supreme Court directed the Centre to formulate a policy within six months regarding the use of the Inland Container Depot (ICD) at Tughlaqabad, Delhi, to address air pollution concerns. The order followed a plea by the Conta
Prelims Facts 02 Feb, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park (PNHZP)

 The Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park (PNHZP) is a zoo in Darjeeling, India. It's also known as the Darjeeling Zoo and is the largest high-altitude zoo in the country. The zoo is dedicated to wildlife conservation and is known for its breeding programs for red pandas, Himalayan salamanders, Tibetan wolves, and snow leopards. World Association for Zoos and Aquar
Prelims Facts 31 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Snow leopard

 Context: Sadyr Zhaparov, the president of Kyrgyzstan signed a decree to declare the snow leopard as the national symbol of Kyrgyzstan. About Snow Leopard: Scientific Name: Panthera uncia Indicator Species: Snow leopards serve as crucial indicators of the mountain ecosystem's health due to their role as the top predator in the food web. Habitat: Found in the mountains of central A
Prelims Facts 30 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Buxa National Park

 Context: Recently, a tiger has been observed in West Bengal’s Buxa National  Park. The previous  sighting of Tiger was after 23 years on December 12, 2021. News: Possible Factors Contributing to the Tiger Population Recovery: Growth in the number of prey animals for tigers. Increase in the size of grassland habitats, providing more suitable areas for tiger popula
Prelims Facts 30 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Green Hydrogen from Whisky Distillery

 Researchers at the Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh used wastewater from the whisky distilling industry to produce green hydrogen, which is a type of sustainable fuel. They did this by developing a new nanoscale material, nickel selenide that allowed distillery wastewater to replace fresh water in the green hydrogen production & it treats the wastewater.
Prelims Facts 30 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sisal

 Sisal is a species of flowering plant native to southern Mexico. Sisal, (Agave sisalana), plant of the family Asparagaceae and its fibre, the most important of the leaf fibre group. The leaves have been used to make twine, cloth, carpets and mezcal, a distilled alcoholic beverage. A recent study suggests that the sisal leaves could make sanitary napkins more sustainable in India.
Prelims Facts 27 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

National Birds Day

 January 5 is observed as National Birds Day introduced by U.S.A in 2002 and followed in some parts of the world. It is aimed at raising awareness for the conservation of avian species that have been adversely affected by habitat destruction, reducing food choices and climate change. The theme of the National Birds Day 2024 is ‘Right to Fight’. Birds in N
Prelims Facts 19 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Anamalai Tiger Reserve

 Context: Forest officials in the Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR) rescued a wild elephant calf who was found separated from the herd About Anamalai Tiger Reserve: - Location:         The Anamalai Tiger Reserve is a protected area situated at an elevation of 1400 m in the Anamalai Hills within Pollachi and Coimbatore Districts of Tamil Nadu. Positioned to the s
Prelims Facts 17 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

GolDN

 IIT Bombay has developed an instrument, GolDN (pronounced as Golden) for melt-mixing of waste thermoplastic polymers and inorganic particulate fillers to manufacture polymer composites. GolDN is a single screw extruder that mechanically recycles waste plastic polymers through melt-mixing. The instrument can manufacture composites from thermoplastic waste that can be molded
Prelims Facts 14 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Vazhakulam variety

 Vazhakulam pineapple is a pineapple grown in the Vazhakulam area of Kerala, India. The pineapple is unique in aroma, flavour and sweetness due to its high sugar content and low acidity. Vazhakulam is considered as the biggest pineapple market in India. It got its GI tag in 2009.
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

CZA allows Odisha’s Nandankanan to receive cheetah, African lion from Dubai Safari

 Context: The Central Zoo Authority has allowed the Odisha government to carry out the planned transfer of a cheetah, African lion and Chimpanzee from Dubai Safari Park (DSP) to Nandankanan Zoological Park (NZP), Bhubaneswar. The CZA has asked the wildlife wing of the State Forest and Environment Department to keep requisite housing facilities ready in accordance with its guideline. News: &
Prelims Facts 07 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Enhanced tiger population at Valmiki Tiger reserve

 Context: The increase in tiger numbers in the Valmiki Tiger Reserve in Bihar was facilitated by diminished human activity, including bans on mining. In VTR, the status of tiger conservation has seen significant improvements: Mining Restrictions: Strict measures, including a complete ban on sand and stone mining within VTR, along with rigorous restrictions on mining activities in its eco-sens
Prelims Facts 07 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Ennore ammonia gas leak | NGT takes suo motu cognisance

 Context: Based on media reports of several people from Periakuppam, Ernavur, Burma Nagar experiencing breathlessness and eye and skin irritation after leakage of ammonia from gas pipelines of the unit, the NGT on December 27 issued directions to the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) to file a report on the incident.  News: A gas leakage occurred in the subsea pipeline of Cor
Prelims Facts 06 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Kanha National Park

 It is also known as Kanha–Kisli National Park. It is one of the tiger reserves of India and the largest national park of the state of Madhya Pradesh and in Central India. The park hosts fauna such as Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, sloth bear, barasingha (adapted to swampy areas) and dhole. The reserve has lowland forest of a
Prelims Facts 18 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

DHANAURI WETLAND

 The Dhanauri Wetlands is a birdwatching area located in Dhanauri village near Dankaur in Uttar Pradesh, India. The Dhanauri Wetlands is home to over 120 Sarus cranes Sarus Cranes is the state bird of Uttar Pradesh. IUCN status - Vulnerable CITES -Appendix ll Omnivorous, eating insects (especially grasshoppers), aquatic plants, fish (perhaps only in captivity), frogs, crus
Prelims Facts 17 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Estivation

 ``   Estivation is when animals are dormant because weather conditions are very hot and dry. Their breathing rate, heart rate and metabolic rate decrease to conserve energy under these harsh conditions. Humans estivate during the winter months as well as some of these animals.  A few animals on this list include water-holding frog the desert tortoise
Prelims Facts 17 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

KAZIRANGA SANCTUARY

 KAZIRANGA SANCTUARY     Kaziranga National Park is a national park of the state of Assam, India. The park, hosts two-thirds of the world's Indian rhinoceroses It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site It is recognized as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International for conservation of avifaunal species. The park area
Prelims Facts 17 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Green Credit

 Green Credit     It is a special programme that allows an individual or entity to earn Green Credit and trade it on a dedicated exchange. Green Credit refers to a unit of an incentive provided for specified activities that deliver a positive impact on the environment. It is launched at the national level to leverage a competitive market-based approach for incentiv
Prelims Facts 16 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

P20 Summit

 P20 Summit     The 9th G20 Parliamentary Speakers' Summit (P20) will be inaugurated by India and will be hosted by the Parliament of India under the broader framework of India's G20 presidency. It will have 4 main sessions: Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Showcasing Achievements, Accelerating Progress Sustainable Energy Transit
Prelims Facts 13 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

GI tag for Goan Cashew

 GI tag for Goan Cashew     Goan cashew, derived from the Portuguese name ‘caju’ or ‘kaju’ in Konkani. Cashew, native to northeast Brazil in Latin America was introduced to Goa by the Portuguese in the 16th century (1570). Significance of providing GI tag for Goan Cashew: Traders and processors have to comply with the norms of quality,
Prelims Facts 12 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary

 Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary     The sanctuary lies in the Indo-Chinese transition zone and so has highly endemic and significant flora and fauna species. The sanctuary has been named after the Dibang River, a tributary of Brahmaputra River.  It lies adjacent to the Mouling National Park. Has been declared as one of the major bio-diversity hotspots of the
Prelims Facts 11 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Kamlang Tiger Reserve (TR)

 Kamlang Tiger Reserve (TR)     The Kamlang TR is present in Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh and is contiguous to the Namdhapa Tiger Reserve. It is home to all four big cats - tiger, leopard, clouded leopard and snow leopard. It also has several species of hornbills such as Rufous-necked hornbills and Wreathed hornbills that visits in the winters. 
Prelims Facts 11 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

PHONOTAXIS

 PHONOTAXIS     Phonotaxis is defined as the movement by an animal in response to a sound. It has usually observed among crickets, moths, frogs, and toads, among a few other creatures. Two types of phonotaxis include: Positive phonotaxis Its purpose is attraction It happens when the females of a particular species are attracted to the sounds mad
Prelims Facts 09 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

THE DHOLE OR ASIATIC WILD DOG 

 THE DHOLE OR ASIATIC WILD DOG      It is the only endangered wild pack-living canid in the tropical Indian forests It is considered at high risk of extinction with endangered category on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List The diurnal activity of the dholes had the highest temporal overlap with leopards and the lowest with clou
Prelims Facts 09 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Global amphibian assessment

 Global amphibian assessment     The assessment is coordinated by the Amphibian Red List Authority, a branch of the Amphibian Specialist Group of the IUCN’s Species Survival Commission. The assessment has revealed that, 2 out of every 5 amphibians are threatened with extinction.  Between 2004 and 2022, a few critical threats have pushed more than
Prelims Facts 07 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

National Turmeric Board

 National Turmeric Board     Aims to provide leadership in all matters related to turmeric, coordinate with relevant government agencies, particularly the Spices Board, and spearhead efforts to advance the turmeric sector within the country.  The key objective of the board is to raise awareness and consumption of turmeric domestically and internationally. 
Prelims Facts 05 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Jellyfish

 Jellyfish Jellyfish are mainly free-swimming marine animals with umbrella-shaped bells and trailing tentacles, while some tend to be immobile anchored to the seabed by stalks. The tentacles are armed with stinging cells and used to capture prey and defend against predators. They are found all over the world, from surface waters to the deep sea, from marine to freshwater, b
Prelims Facts 01 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

The House Crow

 The House Crow     The house crow (Corvus splendens), also known as the Indian, greynecked, Ceylon or Colombo crow, is a common bird of the crow family that is of Asian origin. Its size ranges in size  of 40 cm (16 in) in length. It has a widespread distribution in southern Asia, being native to
Prelims Facts 26 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Honey Bees

 Honey Bees     The Muğla region in Bayram mountains of Turkey which produces almost all of the world's pine honey from Mugla Bees, ravaged by 2021 wildfires is yet to recover to pre-wildfire production levels. Honey bees are all native to mainland Afro-Eurasia. The western honey bee, (Apis mellifera) has been domesticated for honey production and cr
Prelims Facts 25 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Survey at Corbett Tiger Reserve

 About 275 bird species, including two critically endangered, four vulnerable ones and two endangered species, were counted during a survey at Corbett Tiger Reserve. Two endangered species — Pallas’s fish-eagle, Egyptian vulture and four vulnerable bird species — great hornbill, great slaty woodpecker, grey-crowned prinia and river tern — have been counted in the survey
Prelims Facts 16 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Hydrogen for Heritage Scheme

 Hydrogen for Heritage Scheme The scheme aims to revolutionise the railway industry by incorporating hydrogen fuel cells as an alternative to diesel engines. The Indian Railways has planned to operate 35 Hydrogen-powered trains to run across 8 heritage routes that are environmentally sensitive hilly regions with a potential for tourism. The project thus promotes clean energy sources with
Prelims Facts 11 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Royal Bengal Tiger

 Royal Bengal Tiger                                                             The 5
Prelims Facts 08 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Nature Restoration Law

 Nature Restoration Law A biodiversity bill initiated by the European Commission in the EU Parliament was passed. It aims to recover degraded ecosystems by reclamation of forested areas, marine habitats and growing birds, bees in the farmlands. Indicates Europe's commitment to achieving green goals and climate adaptation goals.
Prelims Facts 13 Jul, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

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