Striped Hyena

Tajikistan and Uzbekistan have recently proposed the inclusion of the striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in Appendix I and II of the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS). This proposal will be discussed at the upcoming CMS COP15 (Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals), aiming to strengthen global conservation efforts for this species.

About Striped Hyena

Taxonomy and Family

The striped hyena belongs to the family Hyaenidae, which has four species:

1. Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena)

2. Spotted Hyena

3. Brown Hyena

4. Aardwolf

Appearance

• Slightly smaller than the spotted hyena.

• Characterized by distinct black stripes across its body.

• Possesses a long, bushy mane and strong jaw.

Habitat and Distribution

• Found in savannas, grasslands, semi-deserts, open woodlands, and mountainous areas.

• Geographical range includes South Asia (India, Nepal, Afghanistan), North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Western Asia, and Central Asia.

• These hyenas often cross international borders while searching for food and water.

Characteristics of Striped Hyena

Behaviour

• Territorial: Marks boundaries with scent to warn rivals.

• Social Structure: Generally solitary, but some social organization exists.

• Female Dominance: Adult females are dominant over males and can be aggressive toward other females.

Diet

• Primarily scavengers, feeding on carrion and human refuse.

Movement

• Exhibits long-distance dispersal, seasonal, and nomadic movements depending on prey availability and environmental conditions.

• In arid and semi-arid regions, they range widely due to scarce resources, often moving across countries.

Conservation Status

• IUCN Red List: Near Threatened, indicating potential risk of extinction if threats persist.

• India – Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Listed in Schedule I, providing the highest level of legal protection.

Significance of CMS Proposal

Inclusion in CMS Appendices I and II would:

• Ensure enhanced global protection for migratory populations of the striped hyena.

• Facilitate cross-border conservation cooperation, as striped hyenas often move across national boundaries.

• Promote research, monitoring, and funding for habitat protection and anti-poaching measures.