India’s First Indigenous Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vessel

The Union Minister for Ports, Shipping and Waterways recently flagged off India’s first indigenously developed hydrogen fuel-cell vessel in Varanasi, marking a major milestone in the country’s transition towards clean and sustainable inland water transport.

Technical and Design Features

The vessel has been entirely designed and built in India by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) in collaboration with the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI). It uses a Low-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (LT-PEM) fuel cell system, which generates electricity using stored hydrogen.

The system produces only water vapour as a by-product, resulting in near-zero emissions. The vessel also incorporates an integrated hybrid propulsion system, combining hydrogen fuel cells, battery storage, and solar power, thereby enhancing energy efficiency and operational reliability.

Strategic Frameworks and Policy Alignment

The launch of the hydrogen fuel-cell vessel aligns with India’s long-term maritime strategies, including the Maritime India Vision 2030 (MIV 2030) and the Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047 (MAKV 2047). These frameworks emphasize sustainable transport, smart maritime infrastructure, and the adoption of alternative and green fuels in inland and coastal waterways.

Significance of the Initiative

This first-of-its-kind vessel places Varanasi at the forefront of India’s green waterways initiative. It represents a significant step toward achieving net-zero emissions in inland water transport, directly supporting India’s decarbonisation goals and clean energy transition.

Additionally, the introduction of this environment-friendly transport system is expected to enhance the travel experience for pilgrims visiting the spiritual capital of India, while also promoting cleaner, quieter, and more efficient mobility on inland waterways.