Recently, an expert panel of the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) recommended granting environmental clearance (EC) to the Kalai-II Hydroelectric Project on the Lohit River in Arunachal Pradesh.
The project site falls within a known habitat of the critically endangered White-bellied Heron, raising conservation concerns.
About the White-Bellied Heron
The White-bellied Heron (Ardea insignis) is a large heron species and is considered the second largest living heron in the world.
It is also known as the Imperial Heron or the Great White-bellied Heron.
Ecological Significance
The presence of the White-bellied Heron is an important indicator of river ecosystem health.
Its survival reflects good water quality, healthy fish populations, and low levels of human disturbance in riverine habitats.
Habitat and Distribution
Habitat
The species inhabits wetlands and free-flowing river systems within tropical and subtropical forests, particularly in the foothills of the eastern Himalayas.
It prefers undisturbed riverine habitats, especially river rapids with abundant fish.
Distribution
The White-bellied Heron is found in northeast India and Bhutan, extending eastwards to northern Myanmar, mainly along the eastern Himalayan foothills.
Diet
The species is predominantly piscivorous and relies heavily on fish found in fast-flowing rivers and rapids.
Threats
The White-bellied Heron faces multiple threats, including:
Habitat loss and degradation due to hydroelectric projects, agriculture, and settlement expansion
Disturbance to free-flowing rivers, which affects fish availability
Wetland conversion and fragmentation of riverine ecosystems
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List: Critically Endangered
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I (highest level of legal protection in India)
Conclusion
The White-bellied Heron is among the rarest heron species globally, and projects affecting its habitat require careful environmental scrutiny.
Balancing development needs with the protection of critical riverine ecosystems is essential to prevent further decline of this flagship species.
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Every aspirant is unique and the mentoring is customised according to the strengths and weaknesses of the aspirant.
In every Lecture. Director Sir will provide conceptual understanding with around 800 Mindmaps.
We provide you the best and Comprehensive content which comes directly or indirectly in UPSC Exam.
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