Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

A recent outbreak of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) was reported at the Jalpaiguri Central Correctional Home in West Bengal. Around 92 inmates were infected between August 2025 and March 2026, and seven deaths were reported, highlighting the seriousness of the infection, especially in crowded and confined environments.

About Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

Herpes Simplex Virus is a common viral infection that causes painful blisters or ulcers on the skin and mucous membranes. Once a person is infected, the virus remains in the body for life, with the potential for periodic reactivation.

Types of HSV

There are two main types of HSV:

• HSV-1: Causes oral herpes, leading to cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth and face.

• HSV-2: Causes genital herpes, resulting in sores around the genitals, anus, buttocks, and inner thighs.

Transmission of HSV

HSV is highly contagious and spreads mainly through direct skin-to-skin contact.

• It can spread even when no visible symptoms are present.

• Once infected, the virus remains dormant in the body and can reactivate periodically, causing recurrent outbreaks.

Symptoms of HSV

Many individuals may have no symptoms or only mild symptoms, making detection difficult.

Common symptoms include:

• Painful, fluid-filled blisters or sores

• Blisters that may burst, ooze, and form crusts

• Fever, body aches, and swollen lymph nodes in initial infections

In rare cases, HSV can cause serious complications such as:

• Meningitis (inflammation of brain coverings)

• Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

Treatment of HSV

HSV infection is treatable but not curable.

• Antiviral medications help reduce the severity and duration of symptoms.

• They also help lower the frequency of recurrent outbreaks.

• Proper hygiene and care are important to prevent transmission.

Conclusion

The outbreak at Jalpaiguri Central Correctional Home highlights the importance of early diagnosis, awareness, and healthcare management in preventing the spread of Herpes Simplex Virus. Although the infection is common and manageable, timely medical intervention and preventive measures are essential to reduce complications and control outbreaks.