Bannerghatta National Park

The Central Empowered Committee (CEC) has recommended that the Ecologically Sensitive Zone (ESZ) around Bannerghatta National Park be restored to its original 2016 extent. The recommendation aims to strengthen environmental protection around the park amid concerns over urban expansion and ecological pressure from Bengaluru.

About Bannerghatta National Park

Bannerghatta National Park (BNP) is located in the Anekal range of hills, near Bengaluru in Karnataka. It was declared a National Park in 1974 and is an important biodiversity hotspot in southern India.

In 2006, India’s first butterfly enclosure was inaugurated within the park, making it a notable centre for conservation awareness and eco-tourism.

River System

The Suvarnamukhi stream flows through the centre of the park and serves as the primary water source for wildlife inhabiting the area.

Vegetation and Biodiversity

Vegetation Types

The park features three major types of forest vegetation:

• Dry Deciduous Scrub Forests

• Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests

• Southern Tropical Moist Mixed Forests

Flora

Important plant species found in the park include Narcissus latifolia, Schleichera oleosa, Sandalwood, Neem, Tamarind, Bamboo, and Eucalyptus.

Fauna

Bannerghatta National Park is a prime wildlife habitat and supports several important species, including:

• Endangered Asian Elephant

• Indian Gaur

• Tiger

• Leopard

• Sambar Deer

• Spotted Deer

• Wild Dog

• Wild Pig

• Sloth Bear

The park plays a crucial role in conserving the elephant corridor and large mammal populations in southern India.

What is an Ecologically Sensitive Zone (ESZ)?

An Ecologically Sensitive Zone (ESZ) is an area notified around Protected Areas to act as a “shock absorber”. The objective is to minimize negative impacts on fragile ecosystems caused by human activities such as construction, industrialization, and urban expansion.

ESZs are notified by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

Significance of Restoring the ESZ

Restoring the ESZ to its original 2016 limits is significant because:

• It helps protect the park from urban encroachment and habitat fragmentation.

• It safeguards wildlife corridors and biodiversity.

• It strengthens compliance with environmental regulations.

• It ensures sustainable development around rapidly expanding Bengaluru.