Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS)

Recently, ten blackbucks died in the Jamshedpur Zoological Park, Jharkhand, due to suspected Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, raising concerns about wildlife disease management and zoonotic surveillance.

About Haemorrhagic Septicaemia

• Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) is also known as Pasteurellosis.

• It is a bacterial disease caused by specific serotypes of Pasteurella multocida.

• The two most important serotypes associated with the disease are:

  • Type B:2 – prevalent in Asia

  • Type E:2 – prevalent in Africa

• The disease is geographically restricted to parts of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and southern Europe.

• HS is primarily a major disease of cattle and buffaloes, though it can also affect wild animals such as blackbucks.

Nature and Susceptibility

• The disease is characterized by acute, highly fatal septicaemia, with high morbidity and mortality.

• Young animals and young adults are more susceptible than older animals.

• The causative bacteria survive longer in humid and waterlogged conditions, increasing outbreak risk during monsoon seasons.

Transmission

• Transmission occurs through:

  • Ingestion or inhalation of the bacteria

  • Direct contact with infected animals

  • Indirect transmission (fomites) such as contaminated feed, water, or equipment

Symptoms of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia

• Sudden onset of high fever and dullness

• Loss of appetite and excessive salivation

• Rapidly developing swelling, especially around:

  • Throat

  • Brisket

  • Dewlap

  • Head (in some cases)

• Death may occur quickly if untreated.

Treatment and Prevention

• Vaccines are available and are the most effective preventive measure.

• Early antimicrobial treatment, administered intravenously soon after onset, can significantly reduce mortality.

• Preventive strategies include:

  • Timely vaccination

  • Improved sanitation

  • Avoidance of overcrowding

  • Proper water and feed managemen