Prelims Data & Facts

South Shetland Islands

A magnitude 6.7 earthquake recently struck the South Shetland Islands in Antarctica, as reported by the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ). The event highlights the tectonic and volcanic activity in this remote polar region, which lies close to the boundary of major geological plates in the Southern Ocean. About the South Shetland Islands The South Shetland Islands are a remote

24 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Ladakh Magmatic Arc

Recent scientific studies have traced the evolution of the Ladakh Magmatic Arc (LMA) in the Northwest Himalaya, revealing insights into its complex geological history. The LMA represents a long-extinct volcanic system that evolved over tens of millions of years, reflecting interactions between tectonic plates, subduction processes, and magmatic activity. About the Ladakh Magmatic Arc The

22 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Hindon River

A recent survey of the Hindon River has raised serious environmental concerns. Preliminary tests conducted at several locations along the river indicate zero dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. This situation renders the water uninhabitable for most aquatic life, highlighting the extreme level of pollution in the river. About Hindon River Tributary: The Hindon is a tributary of the Yamun

22 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Assam’s GI-Tagged Joha Rice

India has recently exported 25 metric tonnes of Assam’s GI-tagged Joha rice to countries like the United Kingdom and Italy. This development reflects India’s growing focus on promoting indigenous and high-value agricultural products in international markets. About Joha Rice Joha rice is an indigenous aromatic rice variety of Assam, known for its pleasant fragrance, fine grain

17 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Economic Geography

Musi River

Several historic landmarks have been identified under the 55-km Musi River rejuvenation project, with plans to integrate them through heritage tourism and cultural initiatives along the river corridor. This initiative aims to combine ecological restoration with urban heritage conservation, transforming the river into a cultural and environmental asset. About Musi River The Musi River

17 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Kharg Island

Kharg Island has recently been in the news after the United States carried out airstrikes on military targets there amid escalating tensions with Iran. This has raised serious concerns about disruptions to global oil supply, as the island is a critical hub for Iran’s petroleum exports. Location and Physical Features Kharg Island is a small coral island located in the northern part

16 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Devon Island

Devon Island is located in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the High Arctic region. It lies to the north of Baffin Island, with Baffin Bay to its east and Ellesmere Island to its north. It is the largest uninhabited island in the world, meaning there are no permanent human settlements. The island is characterized by vast stretches of rocky terrain and ice-covered regions, making it extrem

14 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Roopkund Lake (Skeleton Lake)

Roopkund Lake has recently been in news due to renewed discussions about its mysterious human skeletons and fresh interpretations from scientific studies. Researchers have highlighted that the remains found at the lake belong to different time periods and diverse ancestral groups, challenging earlier assumptions about a single catastrophic event. Location and Physical Features Roopkund L

14 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Bascule Bridge

The Union Government has recently approved a ₹117.54 crore project for the renovation of the Bascule Bridge. This bridge is an important part of Kolkata’s port infrastructure and plays a key role in ensuring smooth movement of both road traffic and ships. About Bascule Bridge A bascule bridge is a type of movable bridge that can be lifted to allow ships and boats to pass underneath.

13 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Gurudongmar Lake

Tourism to Gurudongmar Lake has started to revive after more than two years of disruption. The decline in tourist activity was caused by the devastating South Lhonak Lake GLOF, which had severely damaged road infrastructure in North Sikkim. With gradual restoration efforts, access to the lake is improving, leading to a renewed flow of visitors. About Gurudongmar Lake Gurudongmar Lake is loca

12 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Qeshm Island

Iran’s Foreign Minister has accused the United States of attacking a desalination plant located on Qeshm Island, stating that such an action sets a concerning precedent amid rising regional tensions. About Qeshm Island Qeshm Island is the largest island in the Persian Gulf, situated near the strategically important Strait of Hormuz. The island belongs to Iran and holds significant geog

08 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Solomon Islands

Recently, a 6.7-magnitude earthquake struck Kirakira in the Solomon Islands. This event highlights the region’s high seismic vulnerability, as it lies in an earthquake-prone zone of the Pacific Ocean. About Solomon Islands Location The Solomon Islands are located in the south-western Pacific Ocean. They lie southeast of Papua New Guinea and northwest of Vanuatu.

07 Apr, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

El Niño

According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), there is a possibility of the El Niño phenomenon developing after July 2026, but definitive clarity on its formation will emerge only in April. Global forecasters, including the U.S. NOAA, estimate that the chances of El Niño forming during the June–August period are around 62%, with the probability increasing later in the

22 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Solar Cycles

Researchers from IIT Kanpur have recently developed a new method to predict solar cycles, which can improve our understanding of solar activity and its impact on Earth. About Solar Cycles A solar cycle refers to an approximately 11-year cycle of solar activity driven by changes in the Sun’s magnetic field. This cycle is primarily observed through the frequency and intensity of sunspots

21 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Polar Vortex

A recent severe winter storm in the United States, affecting regions from Texas to New England, has highlighted the important role of the stratospheric polar vortex in shaping extreme weather events. What is the Polar Vortex? The polar vortex is a large region of low pressure and extremely cold air that surrounds both the North Pole and South Pole. It extends from the tropopause

19 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Sonic Boom

Recent studies have shown that seismometers can detect sonic booms created by debris from orbit falling back to Earth. This highlights that sonic booms are not only generated by aircraft but also by objects re-entering the atmosphere from space, producing detectable ground vibrations. What is a Sonic Boom? A sonic boom is a loud, thunderous noise produced when an object moves faster than the

18 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Gandak River

The Gandak River has recently emerged as the second major river after the Chambal River with the highest number of gharials, the fish-eating crocodiles. This highlights the river’s importance as a critical habitat for endangered species in India. About the Gandak River The Gandak River, also known as Narayani in Nepal, is a major left-bank tributary of the Ganges in India. It is me

17 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Kamchatka Peninsula

Recently, the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia’s Far East has experienced extreme and record-breaking snowfall, as powerful winter storms dumped several metres of snow across the region. The event highlights the peninsula’s harsh climatic conditions and unique geographical environment. Location The Kamchatka Peninsula is located in Russia in the far eastern part of the country.

14 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Geomagnetic Storms

Recently, a powerful G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storm triggered by intense solar activity illuminated the night skies with spectacular auroras visible across several continents. Such storms occur when disturbances from the Sun interact with Earth’s magnetic environment. What is a Geomagnetic Storm? A Geomagnetic Storm is a major disturbance in the Earth's Magnetosphere, the magnet

13 Mar, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Mount Elbrus

Recently, an artificially triggered avalanche was filmed cascading down Mount Elbrus, drawing attention to the geological and climatic conditions of Russia’s highest peak. About Mount Elbrus Location: Mount Elbrus is located in southwest Russia and forms part of the Caucasus Mountains. It is the highest point in Russia and in Europe, with an elevation of 5,642 meters

28 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Lake Natron

Recently, Lake Natron in Tanzania has drawn global attention for its striking blood-red appearance, a phenomenon caused by volcanic activity and extreme chemical conditions. About Lake Natron Location Lake Natron is located in the Arusha region of Northern Tanzania, close to the Kenyan border. It lies within the Gregory Rift, which forms the eastern branch of the East African Rift sys

21 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Chatham Islands

Recently, a massive bloom of phytoplankton encircled the Chatham Islands during the austral summer. Phytoplankton are microscopic photosynthetic organisms that form the base of marine food chains. When their population increases rapidly, it creates a visible bloom detectable by satellites. Such blooms are often influenced by nutrient availability, ocean currents, and seasonal temperature ch

21 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Zanskar River

The much-awaited Chadar Trek on the frozen Zanskar River has been deferred due to inadequate ice formation this winter. The trek depends on the river freezing into a thick sheet of ice, and insufficient freezing has made the route unsafe for trekkers. About Zanskar River The Zanskar River is a major left-bank tributary of the Indus River and flows entirely within the Union Territory of L

16 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Shaksgam Valley

China has recently rejected India’s territorial claim over the Shaksgam Valley, asserting that the region forms part of Chinese territory.India maintains that the area is part of the larger Jammu & Kashmir region, and therefore an integral part of India. The renewed statements have brought the strategically sensitive region back into focus. About Shaksgam Valley The Shaksgam Va

15 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Dal Lake

Recently, parts of Dal Lake in Srinagar froze as the city recorded its coldest night of the winter. Temperatures plunged well below the freezing point across the Kashmir Valley, highlighting the region’s harsh winter conditions. Geographical Location Dal Lake is a mid-altitude urban freshwater lake located in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. It is surrounded by the Pir Panjal mountain

11 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Mayon Volcano

A series of mild eruptions at Mayon Volcano, the most active volcano in the Philippines, has recently forced nearly 3,000 villagers to evacuate from areas near its foothills. Location and Geological Setting of Mayon Volcano Mayon Volcano is an active stratovolcano located in Albay province on Luzon Island in the Philippines. It lies within the Pacific Ring of Fire, a region known for fr

09 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Barak River

The Senapati Forest Division has recently launched Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) exercises as a pilot initiative to rejuvenate the Barak River watershed, while simultaneously strengthening local livelihoods in the region. About the Barak River The Barak River is a major river of Northeast India, flowing through the states of Manipur, Mizoram, and Assam before entering Bangladesh. I

08 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Popocatépetl Volcano

Recently, a team of scientists successfully obtained the first-ever 3D images from inside Mexico’s Popocatépetl volcano. This scientific breakthrough is expected to enhance understanding of the volcano’s internal structure and improve volcanic monitoring and hazard assessment. About Popocatépetl Volcano Popocatépetl, meaning “Smoking Mountain”

05 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Socotra Island

Recently, hundreds of tourists were stranded on Socotra Island after flights were grounded due to clashes on the Yemeni mainland. The incident has once again drawn attention to the island’s geopolitical sensitivity and strategic location. Location and Geographical Setting Socotra Island is located in the Indian Ocean, approximately 340 kilometres southeast of Yemen, to which it pol

05 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Car Nicobar Island

The Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) recently inaugurated a major runway upgrade at the Indian Air Force base on Car Nicobar Island, significantly enhancing India’s strategic and operational capabilities in the eastern Indian Ocean region. About Car Nicobar Island Car Nicobar Island is part of the Nicobar district of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory. It is the northernmo

02 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Copper

Why in News Recently, copper prices reached a fresh all-time high in December, with the benchmark price on the London Metal Exchange (LME) crossing USD 12,000 per tonne. The surge reflects strong global demand, especially from clean energy, electric vehicles, and infrastructure sectors. About Copper Copper is a naturally occurring chemical element with the symbol Cu. It is one of the most

01 Feb, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Bhima River

Why in News Recently, the Karnataka government urged the Central Government to intervene in a dispute concerning excess utilization of Bhima River water by Maharashtra, highlighting inter-state water sharing concerns. About the Bhima River The Bhima River is a perennial river and the largest tributary of the Krishna River. It plays a crucial role in the water resources of peninsular India

31 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Southern Ocean

The Southern Ocean, also called the Antarctic Ocean, is the fourth-largest ocean by surface area. According to the International Hydrographic Organization, it is the southernmost portion of the World Ocean, surrounding Antarctica and connecting the southern parts of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. It includes tributary seas around the Antarctic region. Key Characteristics

29 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Kavachi Volcano

Scientists recently captured rare footage of sharks living inside the Kavachi volcano, located near the Solomon Islands. This discovery challenges previous assumptions about marine life surviving in extreme volcanic environments. About Kavachi Volcano The Kavachi Volcano is a shallow submarine volcano in the South Pacific Ocean, situated south of the remote Vangunu Island in the Solomon Isla

27 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Ponduru Khadi

The Geographical Indications Registry has granted the Geographical Indication (GI) tag to Ponduru Khadi, a traditional handspun and handwoven cotton fabric from Andhra Pradesh. About Ponduru Khadi Origin: Ponduru village, Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh. Local Name: Patnulu. Material Used: Hill cotton, punasa cotton, or red cotton, all indigenous to the Srikakulam r

27 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Economic Geography

Hormuz Island

Recently, Hormuz Island in Iran drew global attention when a striking natural phenomenon transformed its coastline into a blood-red landscape, creating a surreal visual spectacle and sparking widespread discussion. Geographical Location Hormuz Island is a hilly island of Iran located in the Strait of Hormuz, between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. It lies about 8 kilometres off th

25 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Introduction to the Bureau of Port Security

The Bureau of Port Security (BoPS) is a newly proposed body in India designed to enhance the security of maritime vessels and port facilities. Recently, the Union Home Minister convened a meeting to formalize the constitution of this body, marking a significant step toward strengthening maritime security in the country. Legal and Administrative Framework Statutory Body: The BoPS

25 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Economic Geography

India’s First Indigenous Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vessel

The Union Minister for Ports, Shipping and Waterways recently flagged off India’s first indigenously developed hydrogen fuel-cell vessel in Varanasi, marking a major milestone in the country’s transition towards clean and sustainable inland water transport. Technical and Design Features The vessel has been entirely designed and built in India by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL)

21 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Economic Geography

Gulf of Oman

Recently, Iran seized an oil tanker in the Gulf of Oman, according to Iranian media reports. The tanker had 18 crew members, including nationals from India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh, highlighting renewed security concerns in a critical global energy corridor. About the Gulf of Oman The Gulf of Oman, also known as the Gulf of Makran, is the north-western arm of the Arabian Sea. It form

19 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Ponduru Khadi

Recently, Ponduru Khadi has been granted the Geographical Indication (GI) tag by the Geographical Indications Registry under the Union Ministry of Commerce and Industry. This recognition provides legal protection to the product and highlights its cultural and economic significance. About Ponduru Khadi Ponduru Khadi is a renowned handspun and handwoven cotton fabric originating from Andhr

17 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Economic Geography

Hard Corals

A major new assessment by the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) has reported a dramatic decline in hard coral populations across the Caribbean region. The report highlights the increasing vulnerability of coral reef ecosystems due to climate change, coral diseases, and ecological imbalance. About Hard Corals Hard corals, also known as stony corals, are marine invertebrate anim

14 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Solar Storm

India’s first solar observatory, Aditya-L1, has played a crucial role in helping scientists understand the unusual behaviour of the strongest solar storm in over two decades, which struck Earth in May 2024, according to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). What is a Solar Storm? A solar storm is a sudden release of energy, charged particles, magnetic fields, and solar mat

09 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW)

A meteorologist has recently warned of a possible Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) event, which may result in below-average temperatures across parts of the United States later this month. Such events are known to trigger severe winter conditions in mid-latitude regions. What is Sudden Stratospheric Warming? Definition Sudden Stratospheric Warming refers to a rapid and abnormal incr

07 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

World Soil Day 2025

World Soil Day 2025 emphasizes the urgent need to restore and protect soil health as urban areas expand and environmental threats increase. The observance highlights the critical role of soil in supporting ecosystems, agriculture, and human well-being. About World Soil Day World Soil Day (WSD) is observed annually on 5 December to raise awareness about the importance of healthy soils and

01 Jan, 2026 GS-1 Physical Geography

Bitra Island

The Chief of Staff of the Southern Naval Command recently stated that the Indian Navy is setting up a detachment on Bitra Island, and the project is nearly complete. About Bitra Island Location and Geography Bitra Island is situated in the northern region of Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea. It is the smallest inhabited island in the Lakshadweep territory, with a land area

29 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Cold Wave

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecast that higher-than-normal cold wave days are likely to impact parts of central India, along with certain regions of northwest and northeast India. What is a Cold Wave? A cold wave is an extreme weather event characterised by unusually low temperatures in the near-surface atmosphere. It occurs due to a rapid fall in temperature within

28 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Physical Geography

Chambal River

Recent efforts to reclaim degraded land from the Chambal ravines have raised serious concerns. Such interventions expose local communities and biodiversity to increased ecological risks, particularly soil erosion and flooding, due to the fragile nature of ravine landscapes. About the Chambal River The Chambal River, known as Charmanvati in ancient times, is one of the major tributaries o

27 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Venezuela

Recently, US President Donald Trump stated that his administration would “close the airspace above and surrounding Venezuela in its entirety.” This statement has renewed international attention on Venezuela’s geopolitical position. Location of Venezuela Venezuela is located on the northern coast of South America. It is bordered by Guyana to the east, Brazil to

22 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Gogabeel Lake

Gogabeel Lake in the Katihar district of Bihar has recently been designated as a Ramsar Site, giving it the status of a wetland of international importance. This recognition further strengthens India’s global wetland conservation efforts. About Gogabeel Lake Location Gogabeel Lake is situated in the trans-Gangetic plains of Bihar. It is located in the Katihar district and forms

03 Dec, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Tuvalu

The Government of Tuvalu has officially become the 90th State Member of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), marking a significant milestone in the country’s environmental efforts. About Tuvalu Tuvalu, formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a small island nation located in the west-central Pacific Ocean. It holds the distinction of being one of the smallest

07 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA)

The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is a fascinating and critical phenomenon in Earth's magnetic field that continues to attract attention due to its expanding nature and its potential impact on space-based technologies. What is the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA)? The SAA is a region of the Earth's magnetic field where the intensity of the magnetic field is weaker than normal. This an

06 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Physical Geography

Gulf of Kutch

A recent report has highlighted the uncertain long-term survival of dugongs in the Gulf of Kutch and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, pointing to significant challenges for their conservation in these areas. The dugong, a marine herbivorous mammal, faces mounting threats to its habitat, primarily due to the degradation of its seagrass beds and other environmental pressures. About Gulf of Ku

05 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Mount Lewotobi

Mount Lewotobi Laki-laki, located on Flores Island in eastern Indonesia, recently erupted, sending volcanic ash approximately 10 kilometers (about 6.21 miles) into the sky. About Mount Lewotobi Mount Lewotobi is a twin-peaked active volcano situated in the Ring of Fire, a major area in the Pacific Ocean where tectonic plates meet and volcanic activity is prevalent. This particular volca

05 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Taftan Volcano

Recent research has indicated that Taftan Volcano, located in southeastern Iran, might be awakening after being dormant for nearly 700,000 years. About Taftan Volcano: Location: Taftan is a semi-active stratovolcano located in the southeastern part of Iran, near the Pakistan border (approximately 56 km away). It is situated within the Makran continental volc

04 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Physical Geography

Gulf of Finland

Recent Incident: Airspace Violation: Recently, three Russian MiG-31 fighter jets violated the airspace of NATO member Estonia over the Gulf of Finland. The jets remained in Estonian airspace for 12 minutes, raising concerns among NATO allies. MiG-31: The MiG-31 is a supersonic interceptor aircraft, primarily used by the Russian Air Force for air defense and long-range inte

04 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Madagascar

Recently, an elite military unit in Madagascar has taken control of the country after a national assembly vote led to the impeachment of President Andry Rajoelina. The military backing of youth-led anti-government street protests marked a dramatic shift in the nation's political landscape. This development follows a period of intense political turmoil and unrest within Madagascar. About

03 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Gomti Rejuvenation Mission

The Gomti Rejuvenation Mission launched by the Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister is a significant initiative aimed at restoring the health of the Gomti River. The mission has an ambitious target of intercepting 95 percent of urban sewage entering the river, which has faced significant pollution issues over the years. About the Gomti River: Geography and Course: Origin: The

02 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Armenia

Recently, Armenia became the newest State Member of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), joining a global community committed to conserving nature and promoting sustainable development. About Armenia Geography and Location: Landlocked Country: Armenia is nestled in the southern part of the Caucasus Mountain Range. Bordering Countries: It shares bord

01 Nov, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Kharasrota River:

The tragic incident involving Soudamini Mahala, a 59-year-old woman who was killed by a saltwater crocodile in the Kharasrota River in Odisha, has brought attention to the growing concerns over wildlife-human conflicts in the region. About the Kharasrota River: Location: The Kharasrota River is situated in the state of Odisha, eastern India. It is a tributary of the Brahmani River

30 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Coco Islands

Myanmar recently assured India that there is no Chinese presence at the Coco Islands in the Bay of Bengal, a matter of significant strategic interest for India due to the islands' proximity to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. About the Coco Islands The Coco Islands are a small group of islands located in the Bay of Bengal, near the strategic Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Here

29 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Damodar River

The Damodar River has recently been in the news due to a dramatic rescue event, where a 65-year-old woman was swept away by its swollen waters but managed to be rescued nearly 45 km downstream in West Bengal. About the Damodar River: Geographical Overview: Location: The Damodar River flows through the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal in eastern India. Length: The riv

28 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Qatar

India recently defended Qatar’s sovereignty at the U.N. Human Rights Council, emphasizing its right to maintain its domestic policies and governance, particularly in light of international criticisms. About Qatar Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a small but strategically important country located in Western Asia on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Here'

28 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Easter Island's Moai Statues

Recent research has unveiled that the famous moai statues of Easter Island were not dragged or rolled into position as previously believed. Instead, the island's early inhabitants employed a remarkable method of "walking" these giant stone figures upright, utilizing sophisticated engineering techniques. About Easter Island (Rapa Nui) Location: Easter Island, known a

26 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Black Sea

The Black Sea remains a focal point of global geopolitical and environmental significance. Recently, Russia reported the destruction of 251 Ukrainian drones overnight, mostly over its southwest and in the Black Sea region, with one of the drones even targeting Moscow. Key Facts About the Black Sea: Location and Size: The Black Sea is a large inland sea located at the southeaster

26 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Mig La Pass

The Mig La Pass, located on the Changthang Plateau in Ladakh, has recently set a world record with the construction of the world's highest motorable road at 19,400 feet above sea level. It is taller than both the South Base Camp of Mount Everest in Nepal (17,598 feet) and the North Base Camp in Tibe (16,900 feet).This significant achievement was carried out by Project Himank under th

26 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Manjeera River

In Medak, near the Edupayala temple, a dramatic rescue operation took place after two youths from Kukatpally were swept away by the swollen Manjeera River. About Manjeera River The Manjeera River is a key tributary of the Godavari River. It flows through several states, including Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Telangana. Course of the Manjeera River: Origin: The river originate

25 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Coral Triangle

The Coral Triangle, often referred to as the ‘Amazon of the Seas’, is one of the most biodiverse marine ecosystems on the planet. Spanning over 10 million square kilometers, it is home to a wealth of marine life, including over three-quarters of the world’s coral species, a third of all reef fish, and six of the seven marine turtle species. This critical area is not only a bi

25 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Physical Geography

Willingdon Island

Willingdon Island is a prominent man-made island in the Kochi area of Kerala, India, and is regarded as one of the most beautiful locations in the region. It holds a special place in both historical and strategic contexts. Key Features of Willingdon Island Man-Made Island: Willingdon Island was created by the British during the colonial era and is named after Lord Willingdon, the 2

24 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Baratang Island

India's only mud volcano, located on Baratang Island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, has erupted once again, drawing attention both for its unique geological phenomenon and its significance as a tourist destination. About Baratang Island Location: Baratang Island is situated in the North and Middle Andaman district, approximately 150 km from Port Blair. It’s part of t

24 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Carlsberg Ridge

Recently, the Indian government signed a contract with the International Seabed Authority to explore polymetallic sulphur nodules in the Carlsberg Ridge. About Carlsberg Ridge The Carlsberg Ridge is a mid-oceanic ridge located in the Indian Ocean. It is a divergent plate boundary, where tectonic plates are moving apart. Location: It extends from the triple junction of the Africa

24 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Physical Geography

Pulicat Lake

Recently, fishermen around Pulicat Lake have raised concerns over siltation in the lake, demanding a long-term solution as the growing silting threatens their livelihoods. This issue is significantly impacting the local economy, especially for communities dependent on fishing, which has been their traditional way of life for generations. About Pulicat Lake Pulicat Lake is a vast coastal

23 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Canyon

The Mar del Plata Canyon in Argentina has made headlines recently due to a groundbreaking expedition that uncovered over 40 potential new deep-sea species, including fascinating creatures like glass squids and pink lobsters.. About Mar del Plata Canyon Location: The Mar del Plata Canyon is located off the coast of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, about 250-300 km offshore from the

21 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Physical Geography

Dongsha Islands

Taiwan's Coast Guard Administration (CGA) has confirmed that it recently dispatched vessels to confront a Chinese Coast Guard ship and a Chinese fishing boat operating near the Dongsha Islands (also known as Pratas Islands), marking a rise in maritime tensions in the region. About Dongsha Islands (Pratas Islands) The Dongsha Islands are a small group of islands situated in the northe

21 Oct, 2025 GS-1 Geography Mapping

What is Doomsday Glacier

Overview: Unveiling new details about Antarctica's "Doomsday Glacier", scientists have revealed that the Thwaites Glacier has been losing ice since the 1940s. About Doomsday Glacier: Thwaites Glacier, also known as the “Doomsday Glacier,” is located in the remote Amundsen Sea in West Antarctica. It’s a wide and fast-flowing glacier, roughly the size of F

05 Mar, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

Kinmen Island

Context: Presidential elections are scheduled in Taiwan on 13th January in which Kinmen residents are preparing to vote. About: Governance: Kinmen, also known as Quemoy, comprises a cluster of islands under the jurisdiction of Taiwan. Location in Relation to China: Geographical Position: Positioned on the southeastern coast of the People’s Republic of China

04 Feb, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

Zanskar River

The Zanskar River is a tributary of the Indus River. It originates from the Doda and Lungnak rivers, and flows entirely within Ladakh. The Zanskar River's headwaters are known as the Tsarap Chu, and originate from the snows of the Himalayas. The river's entire catchment area is formed by glaciers.

02 Feb, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

Harni lake

Harni Motnath Lake is a green lake in Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

01 Feb, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD)

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, also known as Non-Resident Indian (NRI) Day, flagship event of the Ministry of External Affairs is celebrated on January 9 every year. Aim - To mark the contribution and achievements of the overseas Indian community to the development of India. It’s a day to acknowledge the achievements of Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and Persons of

28 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Human Geography

Polar Bear Dies of Avian Flu in the Arctic

Context: The Arctic region has reported the first case of death of a polar bear due to the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI). News: The Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation reported the discovery of a deceased bear in the vicinity of Utqiagvik, Alaska's northernmost community. The first detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) in the Arctic regio

27 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

Vellayani Lake

Vellayani Lake of Punchakkari wetland is the largest freshwater lake in Trivandrum, Kerala. The Vellayani Devi Temple, dedicated to Goddess Bhadrakali, is located on the eastern banks of the lake.

26 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

Krizna Jama Cave

Krizna Jama, also known as Cross Cave or Cold Cave under Cross Mountain, is a cave in Slovenia. It's located in the Loz Valley, between the Loz Karst Field, Cerknica Karst Field, and Bloke Plateau. Krizna Jama is the 4th biggest known underground ecosystem in the world in terms of biodiversity.

23 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

Indrayani river

Context: The reappearance of toxic foam in the Indrayani River has revived concerns about pollution in the region. About Indrayani River : Geographical Setting: The Indrayani River serves as a tributary of the Bhima River, a significant contributor to the Krishna River. Originating near Lonavla in Kurvande village amidst the Sahyadri mountains of Maharashtra, the river depends on rainfa

22 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

GI-Tagged Products from Odisha

Context: Seven products from Odisha, including traditional foods and handicrafts, have received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag. About Geographical Indication (GI) Tag: A Geographical Indication (GI) is a label affixed to products originating from a specific geographical location, possessing unique qualities or a reputation attributable to that origin. Nodal Agency and Legal Framewor

19 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Economic Geography

Krishnarajasagar (KRS) dam

Context: Karnataka HC bans mining activity near KRS reservoir. High Court says ban will apply even on existing mining licences, adding, it will be in force till the completion of a study by experts and decision taken by the State committee on dam safety. About Krishnaraja Sagar (KRS) Dam: Krishnaraja Sagar (KRS) Dam is a gravity dam. Situated below the confluence of the Kaveri River wit

19 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Economic Geography

Alvaro

Alvaro, the 1st cyclone of 2024, made landfall near Morombe in Madagascar recently. Mozambique named the cyclone Alvaro. Resilience and Preparedness to tropical cyclones across Southern Africa (REPRESA) is an international initiative that aims to improve community preparedness for tropical cyclones in Southern Africa.

15 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe with its capital Prague. It borders Poland, Germany, Austria, and Slovakia. With a lack of natural lakes, reservoirs are important in the Czech Republic.

12 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Perihelion

The Earth reached its perihelion, or the closest point in its orbit around the Sun recently. Perihelion occurs in early January, about 2 weeks after the Winter Solstice.

11 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki

Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki is a mountain in Indonesia. It is part of the Lewotobi twin volcano, which is located in the southeastern part of Flores Island. The Lewotobi twin volcano is made up of the Lewotobi Laki-Laki (male) and Lewotobi Perempuan (female) stratovolcanoes, with summit craters less than 2 km apart. Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki in Indonesia has erupted several times

07 Jan, 2024 GS-1 Physical Geography

REGIONAL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM (RRTS)

RRTS is India’s first mass rapid system dedicated to regional connectivity. It is capable of running at speeds up to 180 km/hour with semi high-speed rail connectivity at its core. The integrated, mass transit network aims to ensure “balanced and sustainable urban development” through better connectivity and access across the NCR. The RRTS also known as Namo Bharat has b

20 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Economic Geography

COAL PRODUCTION IN INDIA

Coal production in India is a significant part of the country's energy and industrial sectors. India has one of the world's largest coal reserves, and coal remains a crucial source of energy for power generation, as well as a key raw material for various industries, including steel and cement production. Coal production in India is mainly overseen by Coal India Limited (CIL), a state-ow

19 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Economic Geography

RAFAH CROSSING

The Rafah crossing is the only passage in and out of the Gaza Strip to Eygpt, that is not controlled by Israel. It has been recognized by the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty. As part of that treaty, a 100-meter-wide strip of land known as the Philadelphi Route was established as a buffer zone between Gaza and Egyp Gaza has been under a joint Israeli-Egyp

18 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

SOLAR ECLIPSE

SOLAR ECLIPSE A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular solar eclipse occurred on October 14, 2023. Solar

17 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Physical Geography

CHERIYAPANI

CHERIYAPANI Cheriyapani is a high-speed craft will ply from Nagapattinam in T.N. to Kankesanthurai in the northern province of Sri Lanka. It shall involve a 4-hour journey between India and Sri Lanka. The vessel can accommodate 150 passengers on board and the one-way ticket for travel will cost around ₹7,670. The Nagapattinam port It

16 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Sikkim flash floods - Chungthang dam

Why in News There is a popular folk tale in Sikkim about two rivers, the male Rangeet and female Rungnyu (Teesta), and how the Rangeet turned back angrily after losing a race. In 2021, a protest song gave a modern twist to this tale, referring to the Teesta's rage at hydropower projects. On October 4, 2022, the South Lhonak glacial lake in northwest Sikkim breached its embankment

14 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Gaza Strip

Gaza strip is a narrow piece of land located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea It is bordered by Israel to the east and north, and Egypt to the southwest. It is ranked as the third most densely populated in the world with a population of 2 million in just 365 square kilometers of land area. It is one of the two Palesti

14 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Mundra Port

Mundra Port It is India's first private port and largest container port in India. It is located on the northern shores of the Gulf of Kutch near Mundra, Kutch district of Gujarat. Incorporated in 2003, it became India's first multi-product port-based special economic zone. Formerly operated by Mundra Port and Speci

13 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Vizhinjam port

Vizhinjam port It is located in Vizhinjam, Kerala and has a natural depth of 18 metres. It is a deep-sea water port developed as India’s first Mega deepwater Transshipment Container Terminal. It is the only container transshipment hub in the Indian subcontinent closest to the international shipping routes, and is centrally located on the Indian coastline

12 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

WACE pattern-Cyclones

WACE pattern-Cyclones Cyclogenesis is an indicator that denotes the chance of a cyclone forming. It depends on parameters such as Sea surface temperature The ocean heat content Change in winds from the surface into the upper atmosphere (or the vertical shear) Rotation of winds near the surface. A rapid increase in the cyclogenesis p

11 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Physical Geography

Bekal Fort

Bekal Fort Bekal Fort is a medieval fort built by Shivappa Nayaka of Keladi in 1650 AD, at Bekal. It is the largest fort in Kerala. The fort appears to emerge from the sea and about three-quarters of its exterior lies in contact with water. The fort does not include any palaces or mansions as it was not an administrative centre. The

06 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Green Drought

Green Drought Green drought is when the vegetation may appear green on the top, but there is stunted growth and soil moisture stress for more than a month impacting yield drastically. This phenomenon is particularly problematic because it can be challenging to detect and monitor. Karnataka has urged to conduct an assessment on the ‘green drought’ p

06 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Physical Geography

Karman Line

Karman Line Kármán Line is a boundary located at 100 km above sea level. It is an imaginary line that demarcates the earth’s atmosphere from space. A record-keeping body called Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) established this boundary in the 1960s. Any individual who crosses this line qualifies to be an astronaut. The

02 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Kosi River

Kosi River It is a transboundary river which flows through China, Nepal and India. It drains the northern slopes of the Himalayas in Tibet and the southern slopes in Nepal. The Kosi River is also known as Saptakoshi for its seven upper tributaries which includes: Tamur river Arun river Sun Kosi The trib

02 Oct, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

India Smart Cities Award Contest (ISAC), 2022:

India Smart Cities Award Contest (ISAC), 2022: It was launched to reward the cities, projects and innovative ideas promoting smart development in cities as an outcome of Smart Cities Mission, which was launched in 2015 to transform 100 cities into sustainable and livable urban centres. The awards are announced by The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

26 Aug, 2023 GS-1 Human Geography

Chabahar port

Chabahar port India and Iran have agreed that disputes at Chabahar will not go for commercial arbitration in foreign courts but take investment arbitration or any other mode of dispute settlement. The arbitration will be pursued under rules framed by the UN Commission on International Trade Law This shall enable long-term agreement and boost investor confidenc

26 Aug, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Kerala to Keralam

Kerala to Keralam The Kerala’s Legislative Assembly has unanimously passed a resolution to rename the state as Keralam by adding a suffix ‘m’ to its existing name in the Constitution and official records. The rationale behind the move is that it seeks convergence with its Malayalam name ‘Keralam’, as states were formed on the basis of the language in the S

10 Aug, 2023 GS-1 Geography Mapping

Crawford Lake

Crawford Lake Location- Ontario in Canada The lake's bottom sediments has provided evidence for beginning of Anthropocene epoch ( present geological time scale during which earth's ecosystem has degraded due to human activities especially after Industrial revolution) The lake bottom sediments contained burned fossil fuels, exploded nuclear weapons, plastic and fertilizers dumped

13 Jul, 2023 GS-1 Physical Geography

Waorani community

Waorani community The Huaorani, Waorani, or Waodani, also known as the Waos, are an Indigenous people from the Amazonian Region of Ecuador. They comprise almost 4,000 inhabitants and speak the Huaorani language. Their language is distinct and unrelated to any other known tongue, including Quechua, which is commonly spoken in

31 Dec, 1969 GS-1 Human Geography

Total Amount:

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GS-I

GS-I

South Shetland Islands

Ladakh Magmatic Arc

Hindon River

Assam’s GI-Tagged Joha Rice

Musi River

Kharg Island

Devon Island

Roopkund Lake (Skeleton Lake)

Bascule Bridge

Gurudongmar Lake

Qeshm Island

Solomon Islands

El Niño

Solar Cycles

Polar Vortex

Sonic Boom

Gandak River

Kamchatka Peninsula

Geomagnetic Storms

Mount Elbrus

Lake Natron

Chatham Islands

Zanskar River

Shaksgam Valley

Dal Lake

Mayon Volcano

Barak River

Popocatépetl Volcano

Socotra Island

Car Nicobar Island

Copper

Bhima River

Southern Ocean

Kavachi Volcano

Ponduru Khadi

Hormuz Island

Introduction to the Bureau of Port Security

India’s First Indigenous Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vessel

Gulf of Oman

Ponduru Khadi

Hard Corals

Solar Storm

Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW)

World Soil Day 2025

Bitra Island

Cold Wave

Chambal River

Venezuela

Gogabeel Lake

Tuvalu

South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA)

Gulf of Kutch

Mount Lewotobi

Taftan Volcano

Gulf of Finland

Madagascar

Gomti Rejuvenation Mission

Armenia

Kharasrota River:

Coco Islands

Damodar River

Qatar

Easter Island's Moai Statues

Black Sea

Mig La Pass

Manjeera River

Coral Triangle

Willingdon Island

Baratang Island

Carlsberg Ridge

Pulicat Lake

Canyon

Dongsha Islands

What is Doomsday Glacier

Kinmen Island