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Prelims Facts

PRELIMS DATA & FACTS Prelims Facts

Prelims fact is an exclusive column to assist the students, in preparation for subject wise prelims facts and data this section not only helps in UPSC prelims in interview but also helps in various public service commission examination like OAS UPPCS UKPCS Rajasthan PCS Haryana PCS

GS-III

Seabuckthorn

The seeds of seabuckthorn and buckwheat grown in the cold desert region of Ladakh are being part of experimental studies aboard the International Space Station (ISS), launched on NASA's Crew-11 mission. About Seabuckthorn Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), often referred to as the ‘Wonder Plant’, ‘Ladakh Gold’, or ‘Golden Bush’, is a hardy shrub
Prelims Facts 12 Aug, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Indri Lemur

 For the first time, joint research has successfully determined the composition of the intestinal microbiome of the Indri Lemur, a species critically endangered and found only in northeastern Madagascar. About the Indri Lemur The Indri Lemur (scientific name: Indri indri) is one of the most iconic lemur species, known for its distinctive characteristics and critically endangered status.
Prelims Facts 12 Aug, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Asian Giant Tortoise

 The Asian Giant Tortoise, also known as Manouria emys phayrei, has recently been reintroduced into the Zeliang Community Reserve in Nagaland's Peren district, marking a significant conservation effort for this critically endangered species. About the Asian Giant Tortoise Largest Tortoise in Asia: The Asian Giant Tortoise is the largest tortoise species found in main
Prelims Facts 11 Aug, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Pilibhit Tiger Reserve

 The Pilibhit Tiger Reserve (PTR), located in the northern part of Uttar Pradesh, is seeing a positive trend in its tiger population, with the count rising from 71 to 80 tigers over the past three years, based on an internal survey conducted by PTR in collaboration with the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). About Pilibhit Tiger Reserve (PTR) Location: PTR spans the Pilibhit, Lakhimp
Prelims Facts 10 Aug, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Matri Van Initiative

 The Matri Van Initiative was ceremonially launched by the Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, alongside the Union Minister for Housing and Urban Affairs. About the Matri Van Initiative The Matri Van is part of the ‘Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam’ program, which aims to foster environmental awareness and sustainable urban development through large-scale plantation
Prelims Facts 08 Aug, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Alpine Musk Deer

 Scientific Name: Moschus chrysogaster Family: Although commonly called a "deer," the Alpine musk deer belongs to a family more closely related to Bovidae, which includes antelopes, bovines, sheep, and goats. Behavior: This species is solitary and primarily crepuscular, meaning it is most active during the twilight hours of dawn and dusk. Distinctive Feat
Prelims Facts 08 Aug, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Indo-Burma Ramsar Regional Initiative

 The Indo-Burma Ramsar Regional Initiative (IBRRI) is a significant collaborative effort aimed at conserving and restoring wetlands across the Indo-Burma region. The initiative recently gained attention with its side event at the Ramsar COP15. About Indo-Burma Ramsar Regional Initiative (IBRRI) The IBRRI is a joint initiative developed by the Ramsar National Focal Points (NFPs) of the fol
Prelims Facts 07 Aug, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Mithun

 A significant development has occurred where scientists and tribal farmers from Northeast India have raised a request with the Central Government to include the Mithun (Bos frontalis) under key central sector schemes like the National Livestock Mission (NLM). This move is intended to protect and promote the conservation and sustainable development of Mithun farming. About Mithun (Bos fronta
Prelims Facts 07 Aug, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary

 Recently, there have been changes to the boundaries of the Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary (NWS), as reported by the Rajasthan Forest Department. These modifications are said to benefit luxury hotels and commercial establishments within the sanctuary and its Eco Sensitive Zone (ESZ). About Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary (NWS) Location: Proximity: Situated just 20 kilometers from Jai
Prelims Facts 07 Aug, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Red Panda

 Red panda cubs have been born after a 7-year gap at the Himalayan Zoological Park near Sikkim's capital, Gangtok. About Red Panda The Red Panda (also known as the lesser panda) is a unique and endangered species native to the Eastern Himalayas and parts of Southeast Asia. Known for their cute appearance and shy, solitary behavior, red pandas are an important part of the ecosystem and
Prelims Facts 07 Aug, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Darwin's Frog

 Recently, Chile has launched a renewed effort to save the endangered Darwin's Frog (Rhinoderma darwinii), which has become critically threatened by various environmental challenges. About Darwin's Frog Darwin's frog is a remarkable amphibian species, notable for its unique brooding habits and distinctive appearance. It was first discovered by Charles Darwin during his famous
Prelims Facts 06 Aug, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary

 The Odisha government has announced plans to introduce tigers to the Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary in Bargarh district, according to a recent statement by a senior official from the state's forest department. About Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary: Located in the Bargarh district of Odisha, near the Hirakud Dam on the Mahanadi River, Debrigarh is one of the most renowned wildlife sanctuar
Prelims Facts 05 Aug, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Barbados Threadsnake

 The Barbados threadsnake, the world's smallest known snake, has been rediscovered after being thought to have vanished for decades. This tiny reptile, measuring only about 10.4 cm (4.1 inches) in length, has captivated scientists with its peculiar characteristics and its significance to biodiversity. About Barbados Threadsnake Family: Leptotyphlopidae Habitat: Found exclusi
Prelims Facts 04 Aug, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

International Tiger Day 2025

 India marked International Tiger Day on July 29, 2025, alongside 12 other nations, to raise awareness about tiger conservation globally. About International Tiger Day Date: Observed annually on July 29. Purpose: To promote awareness about the importance of tiger conservation and efforts to protect these majestic creatures and their habitats. Theme for 2025: "Se
Prelims Facts 03 Aug, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Golden Jackal

 A recent citizen science study has estimated that Kerala is home to a population of approximately 20,000 to 30,000 Golden Jackals. This study highlights the importance of citizen involvement in wildlife monitoring and the value of collective efforts in understanding the distribution and conservation status of species. About Golden Jackals Scientific Name: Canis aureus Commo
Prelims Facts 02 Aug, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Bhitarkanika National Park

 The recent capture of a 6.3-feet-long female saltwater crocodile from a pond near Bhitarkanika National Park in Odisha's Kendrapara district . About Bhitarkanika National Park Bhitarkanika National Park, located in Kendrapara district, Odisha, is a unique mangrove ecosystem and one of the most significant conservation areas in India. Key Features: Area: The park spans an
Prelims Facts 30 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Chamaegastrodia reiekensis

 Newly Discovered Species: Chamaegastrodia reiekensis is a new species of orchid discovered by scientists from Mizoram University and Manipur University in the forests of Northeast India. Name Origin: The orchid is named after its type locality, Reiek, a scenic mountain destination in Mizoram. Reiek is known for its rich biodiversity and serves as a natural habitat for t
Prelims Facts 29 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Long-Billed Bush Warbler

 The Long-Billed Bush Warbler (scientific name: Locustella major) is a medium-sized songbird that has been recently spotted in Ladakh’s Suru Valley after 46 years. This sighting is significant as it marks the first confirmed sighting of the species in India in nearly five decades. Key Details: Scientific Name: Locustella major Distribution: The species has
Prelims Facts 28 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sea Slugs

 The discovery of Phyllidia ovata and Phyllidia fontjei, two previously unknown species of wart sea slugs, is a remarkable addition to marine biology. These colorful creatures not only brighten the reefs they inhabit but also play an essential role in signaling the health of coral ecosystems. Fun Facts About Sea Slugs: Soft-bodied and Shell-less: Unlike typical snails, sea slugs don
Prelims Facts 27 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Kanniyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary

 The Kanniyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu is a biodiversity hotspot that has recently garnered attention due to a research scholar documenting around 450 species of moths in the area. Location: District: Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu. Geography: Situated at the southernmost tip of India, where the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Indian Ocean converge. Boundaries:
Prelims Facts 27 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Pale-capped Pigeon

 The Pale-capped Pigeon, recently photographed in Dehing Patkai National Park in Assam, has caught the attention of birdwatchers and conservationists alike. About Pale-Capped Pigeon Scientific Name: Columba punicea Common Names: Pale-capped Pigeon, Purple Wood Pigeon Appearance: A large, dark purplish-maroon bird with a glossy sheen of green or amethyst.
Prelims Facts 25 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Allographa effusosoredica

 A team of Indian scientists recently uncovered a previously unknown species of lichen, named Allographa effusosoredica, in the Western Ghats, a globally recognized biodiversity hotspot. About Allographa effusosoredica Allographa effusosoredica is a crustose lichen that displays striking effuse soredia and rare chemical traits, making it stand out in the lichen world. Key Features:
Prelims Facts 23 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve (TATR)

 The Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve (TATR) in Maharashtra has introduced an AI-based warning system to alert villagers about the movement of tigers in the area. This initiative aims to enhance human-wildlife conflict mitigation by using loudspeakers to notify nearby communities about the presence of tigers, giving them time to take necessary precautions. About Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve (TAT
Prelims Facts 21 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Grassland Bird Survey Report

The first-ever Grassland Bird Survey conducted at Kaziranga National Park provides insights into the grassland ecosystems and their health. Survey Findings: 43 Grassland Species were recorded across the park’s three wildlife divisions. The Finn’s weaver (IUCN status: Endangered) has been reported to be breeding successfully in the park. This bird, lo
Prelims Facts 20 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Grandala

 The recent sighting of the Grandala in Sainj Valley, Himachal Pradesh, has drawn attention to the rich biodiversity of the Himalayan foothills and their importance as habitats for rare and spectacular species. About the Grandala Scientific Name: Grandala coelicolor Family: Thrush family (Turdidae) Habitat: Primarily found in the Himalayas, this bird inhabits alpine
Prelims Facts 20 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Blue Rock Pigeon

The blue rock pigeon (scientific name: Columba livia) has recently come under scrutiny due to its presumed role in carrying aspergillosis, a fungal infection that can affect both birds and humans. About Aspergillosis Aspergillosis is an infection caused by Aspergillus, a genus of molds that includes hundreds of species. The most common form of this infection is caused by Aspergillus fumi
Prelims Facts 20 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Cnemaspis Brahmaputra

 A new species of gecko has been discovered in Assam, and it has been named Cnemaspis brahmaputra, after the Brahmaputra River. Key Details about Cnemaspis Brahmaputra: Geographical Location: The new species was found at Dirgheswari Temple in Assam, on the northern bank of the Brahmaputra River. Taxonomy: This species belongs to the Cnemaspis
Prelims Facts 19 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary

 The approval of an eco-tourism resort project on the Surla plateau, located within the Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary, has sparked significant concern among environmentalists. About Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary The Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary is a biodiversity hotspot in the Western Ghats, located in the northern part of Goa. Area: The sanctuary spans 208 square kilometers, covering di
Prelims Facts 17 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Zographetus mathewi

 The discovery of Zographetus mathewi, a new species of butterfly in the Western Ghats. Key Details About Zographetus mathewi Taxonomy: This butterfly belongs to the Zographetus genus, which is part of the Hesperiidae family, commonly known as skippers. It is the 15th species in this genus and the 5th species to be recorded from India, making it a significant find in the field of
Prelims Facts 17 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

RhoDIS India Programme

 The genetic analysis of rhino horn samples from 2,573 rhinos is a significant step forward in protecting India's rhino population and combating illegal wildlife trade. These samples will be added to the RhoDIS India DNA data library, a key component of the Rhino DNA Indexing System (RhoDIS) launched in 2016. About the RhoDIS India Programme: The RhoDIS India Programme was launched as
Prelims Facts 17 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary

 The Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary, located in Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh, is one of the most significant and ecologically rich sites in Northern India, particularly due to its status as a Ramsar site. Key Facts Formation & History: The Pong Dam Lake (also called Maharana Pratap Sagar) was created as a result of the Pong Dam, a massive earth-fill dam built
Prelims Facts 14 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Blackbuck

The Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), a native species to India and Nepal, is experiencing a sharp decline in population in the Abohar Wildlife Sanctuary in Punjab, leading to concerns among wildlife officials. About the Blackbuck Scientific Classification: Scientific Name: Antilope cervicapra Native Region: Predominantly found in India and Nepal.
Prelims Facts 14 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Laughing Dove

 The Laughing Dove (scientific name: Spilopelia senegalensis) was recently spotted in the Nagamalai Hillock Forest near Nambiyur in Erode. It is Known for its unique plumage and graceful nature, the laughing dove is a small pigeon that is often recognized for its soft, cooing call, which some describe as a "laughing" sound. About the Laughing Dove Scientific Classification
Prelims Facts 13 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Australian Bat Lyssavirus (ABLV)

 Australian Bat Lyssavirus (ABLV) is a rare but deadly virus that is transmitted from bats to humans, and it is closely related to the rabies virus. Key Facts about Australian Bat Lyssavirus (ABLV) 1. Origins and Identification First Identified: ABLV was first identified in 1996 in a fruit bat in northern New South Wales, Australia. Virus Family: ABLV is part of the Rhabdovi
Prelims Facts 11 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Wildlife Institute of India (WII)

 The Wildlife Institute of India recently conducted a detailed review of Andhra Pradesh’s wildlife sanctuaries. The review has underscored the need for scientific, infrastructure-based, and community-driven measures to improve the ecological management of these sanctuaries. 1. Scientific Measures The WII emphasizes the need for a data-driven approach to wildlife management, in
Prelims Facts 11 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Leopard Population Growth in Dudhwa Tiger Reserve

 A recent report reveals that the leopard population in the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve (DTR) has grown by an impressive 198.91% since 2022, indicating the success of conservation efforts in the region. This significant growth reflects positively on the reserve's ecological health and the effectiveness of wildlife management strategies.Leopards are known to be elusive and adaptable predators, and
Prelims Facts 11 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Barilius imphalensis

A new species of freshwater fish, named Barilius imphalensis, has been recently discovered in the Imphal River in Manipur, adding to the rich biodiversity of the region. This species, locally called "Ngawa" in the Meitei language, showcases unique features that set it apart from its relatives in India and Southeast Asia. About Barilius imphalensis: Scientific Classificati
Prelims Facts 11 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Panna Tiger Reserve

 ent death of Vatsala, considered Asia’s oldest elephant, highlights the historical significance of Panna. While elephants are not a primary species in Panna, this incident underscores the reserve's role as a critical part of India's wildlife conservation efforts. Location & Landscape Geography: Situated in the Vindhyan mountain range of northern Madhya Pradesh, Panna
Prelims Facts 10 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Great Hornbill (Malamuzhakki Vezhambal)

 The Great Hornbill, also known as Malamuzhakki Vezhambal in Kerala, is one of the most iconic and majestic birds in India. Recently, this vulnerable species was spotted in the coastal belt of Kakkampara, near Ezhimala in Kannur, Kerala, a location quite far from its typical forested habitats. Scientific Information Scientific Name: Buceros bicornis Common Names: Great Horn
Prelims Facts 10 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Garcinia kusumae

 The discovery of Garcinia kusumae adds another exciting chapter to the rich botanical diversity of Assam. This species, named after Jatindra Sarma’s late mother, Kusum Devi, is an excellent example of how scientific research and personal stories can intertwine in meaningful ways. Key Features: Dioecious Evergreen Tree: The species is dioecious, meaning it has distinct male an
Prelims Facts 08 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Discovery of Facciolella smithi

Indian scientists have recently made a significant marine discovery—a new species of deep-sea eel called Facciolella smithi, or Smith’s witch eel, found in the Arabian Sea. The discovery was made by researchers at the ICAR–National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow. About Facciolella smithi Species Name: Facciolella smithi Common Name: Smith's
Prelims Facts 07 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

White-Eared Night Heron Captured in Namdapha National Park

 In a remarkable discovery, the white-eared night heron, an elusive and endangered bird species, has been camera-trapped in Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve in Arunachal Pradesh. This marks a significant step in the understanding and conservation of this rare species, which has long remained shrouded in mystery due to its secretive and nocturnal behavior. About Namdapha National Park
Prelims Facts 07 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

The presence of plastics, particularly microplastics, is indeed a growing concern due to their potential impacts on human health. 1. Endocrine System: The endocrine system is critical for regulating many bodily functions through hormones. It includes glands like the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal glands, and gonads, which produce hormones that influence: Growth and development
Prelims Facts 06 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Bukkapatna Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary

 The Bukkapatna Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary, located in Tumakuru district of Karnataka, was established with the purpose of conserving the Indian Gazelle, commonly known as the Chinkara. This sanctuary plays a vital role in the protection of the species and the wider biodiversity of the region. Key Facts about Bukkapatna Chinkara Wildlife Sanctuary: Location: Situated in
Prelims Facts 05 Jul, 2025 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Cameroon Islands and Douala-Edea National Park

 Cameroon Islands and Douala-Edea National Park Context: In Cameroon, the NGO Papaye International runs a sanctuary for orphaned chimpanzees across three islands within the Douala-Edea National Park. This initiative is part of the larger conservation efforts to protect the region's unique wildlife, including endangered chimpanzees. Cameroon Islands: The Cameroon Islands are pa
Prelims Facts 03 Jan, 2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Jim Corbett National Park:

   Jim Corbett National Park: Jim Corbett National Park, located in the Nainital district of Uttarakhand, is one of the most renowned national parks in India. It is part of the Corbett Tiger Reserve and plays a significant role in wildlife conservation, particularly in protecting the Bengal tiger. Established in 1936 as Hailey National Park, it is the oldest national park in India and
Prelims Facts 03 Dec, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

International Big Cat Alliance

 Overview: The Union Cabinet formally announced the establishment of International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) with one-time budgetary support of Rs 150 crore from the central government until 2028. About International Big Cat Alliance: It is an initiative launched by the Prime Minister of India in April 2023 in Mysuru commemorating the 50th anniversary of Project Tiger. The objective of
Prelims Facts 06 Mar, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

A recent study has claimed that BioTRIG, a new waste management technology could help rural Indians.

 About BioTRIG: It is a new waste management technology based on the pyrolysis system. It works by sealing the waste inside an oxygen-free chamber and heating it above 400 degrees Celsius. Useful chemicals are produced in the process. In the study, the researchers outlined that three products of pyrolysis — bio-oil, syngas and biochar fertilizer — could help rural Indians live
Prelims Facts 06 Mar, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Jacaranda Bloom

 Overview: The early onset bloom of jacaranda set off alarm bells among residents and scientists in Mexico City. About Jacaranda Bloom: It’s also known by its synonym Jacaranda acutifolia. It is a deciduous tree, Jacaranda mimosifolia comes from the Bignoniaceae family. Blue jacaranda is native of Brazil and North West Argentina. These are hardy trees that grow well in tropical
Prelims Facts 06 Mar, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

What is Melanochlamys Droupadi

 Overview: Researchers of the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) recently discovered a new species of head-shield sea slug from Odisha and the West Bengal coast named ‘Melanochlamys Droupadi’. About Melanochlamys Droupadi It is a new marine species of head-shield sea slug with ruby red spot. This species belonging to Melanochlamys genus was discovered from Digha of West Beng
Prelims Facts 05 Mar, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Pinanga Subterranea

 Pinanga subterranea is a species of palm tree native to Borneo. It's the 1st known species of palm to flower and fruit almost exclusively underground. This rare phenomenon has only been recorded in one other plant group, the orchid Rhizanthella.
Prelims Facts 05 Feb, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

ReTro

 Chinese scientists recently announced that they have cloned a Rhesus monkey named ReTro that lived to adulthood. The scientists created ReTro using a slightly modified version to create Dolly the Sheep and other mammals like the long-tailed macaque, which was the first primate to be cloned.
Prelims Facts 03 Feb, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Bharat stage emission standards

 Context: The Supreme Court Thursday asked the Centre to formulate a policy to phase out heavy-duty diesel vehicles and to replace them with BSVI vehicles. News: The Supreme Court directed the Centre to formulate a policy within six months regarding the use of the Inland Container Depot (ICD) at Tughlaqabad, Delhi, to address air pollution concerns. The order followed a plea by the Conta
Prelims Facts 02 Feb, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park (PNHZP)

 The Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park (PNHZP) is a zoo in Darjeeling, India. It's also known as the Darjeeling Zoo and is the largest high-altitude zoo in the country. The zoo is dedicated to wildlife conservation and is known for its breeding programs for red pandas, Himalayan salamanders, Tibetan wolves, and snow leopards. World Association for Zoos and Aquar
Prelims Facts 31 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Snow leopard

 Context: Sadyr Zhaparov, the president of Kyrgyzstan signed a decree to declare the snow leopard as the national symbol of Kyrgyzstan. About Snow Leopard: Scientific Name: Panthera uncia Indicator Species: Snow leopards serve as crucial indicators of the mountain ecosystem's health due to their role as the top predator in the food web. Habitat: Found in the mountains of central A
Prelims Facts 30 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Buxa National Park

 Context: Recently, a tiger has been observed in West Bengal’s Buxa National  Park. The previous  sighting of Tiger was after 23 years on December 12, 2021. News: Possible Factors Contributing to the Tiger Population Recovery: Growth in the number of prey animals for tigers. Increase in the size of grassland habitats, providing more suitable areas for tiger popula
Prelims Facts 30 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Green Hydrogen from Whisky Distillery

 Researchers at the Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh used wastewater from the whisky distilling industry to produce green hydrogen, which is a type of sustainable fuel. They did this by developing a new nanoscale material, nickel selenide that allowed distillery wastewater to replace fresh water in the green hydrogen production & it treats the wastewater.
Prelims Facts 30 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sisal

 Sisal is a species of flowering plant native to southern Mexico. Sisal, (Agave sisalana), plant of the family Asparagaceae and its fibre, the most important of the leaf fibre group. The leaves have been used to make twine, cloth, carpets and mezcal, a distilled alcoholic beverage. A recent study suggests that the sisal leaves could make sanitary napkins more sustainable in India.
Prelims Facts 27 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

National Birds Day

 January 5 is observed as National Birds Day introduced by U.S.A in 2002 and followed in some parts of the world. It is aimed at raising awareness for the conservation of avian species that have been adversely affected by habitat destruction, reducing food choices and climate change. The theme of the National Birds Day 2024 is ‘Right to Fight’. Birds in N
Prelims Facts 19 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Anamalai Tiger Reserve

 Context: Forest officials in the Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR) rescued a wild elephant calf who was found separated from the herd About Anamalai Tiger Reserve: - Location:         The Anamalai Tiger Reserve is a protected area situated at an elevation of 1400 m in the Anamalai Hills within Pollachi and Coimbatore Districts of Tamil Nadu. Positioned to the s
Prelims Facts 17 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

GolDN

 IIT Bombay has developed an instrument, GolDN (pronounced as Golden) for melt-mixing of waste thermoplastic polymers and inorganic particulate fillers to manufacture polymer composites. GolDN is a single screw extruder that mechanically recycles waste plastic polymers through melt-mixing. The instrument can manufacture composites from thermoplastic waste that can be molded
Prelims Facts 14 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Vazhakulam variety

 Vazhakulam pineapple is a pineapple grown in the Vazhakulam area of Kerala, India. The pineapple is unique in aroma, flavour and sweetness due to its high sugar content and low acidity. Vazhakulam is considered as the biggest pineapple market in India. It got its GI tag in 2009.
Prelims Facts 12 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Enhanced tiger population at Valmiki Tiger reserve

 Context: The increase in tiger numbers in the Valmiki Tiger Reserve in Bihar was facilitated by diminished human activity, including bans on mining. In VTR, the status of tiger conservation has seen significant improvements: Mining Restrictions: Strict measures, including a complete ban on sand and stone mining within VTR, along with rigorous restrictions on mining activities in its eco-sens
Prelims Facts 07 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

CZA allows Odisha’s Nandankanan to receive cheetah, African lion from Dubai Safari

 Context: The Central Zoo Authority has allowed the Odisha government to carry out the planned transfer of a cheetah, African lion and Chimpanzee from Dubai Safari Park (DSP) to Nandankanan Zoological Park (NZP), Bhubaneswar. The CZA has asked the wildlife wing of the State Forest and Environment Department to keep requisite housing facilities ready in accordance with its guideline. News: &
Prelims Facts 07 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Ennore ammonia gas leak | NGT takes suo motu cognisance

 Context: Based on media reports of several people from Periakuppam, Ernavur, Burma Nagar experiencing breathlessness and eye and skin irritation after leakage of ammonia from gas pipelines of the unit, the NGT on December 27 issued directions to the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) to file a report on the incident.  News: A gas leakage occurred in the subsea pipeline of Cor
Prelims Facts 06 Jan, 2024 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Kanha National Park

 It is also known as Kanha–Kisli National Park. It is one of the tiger reserves of India and the largest national park of the state of Madhya Pradesh and in Central India. The park hosts fauna such as Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, sloth bear, barasingha (adapted to swampy areas) and dhole. The reserve has lowland forest of a
Prelims Facts 18 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

DHANAURI WETLAND

 The Dhanauri Wetlands is a birdwatching area located in Dhanauri village near Dankaur in Uttar Pradesh, India. The Dhanauri Wetlands is home to over 120 Sarus cranes Sarus Cranes is the state bird of Uttar Pradesh. IUCN status - Vulnerable CITES -Appendix ll Omnivorous, eating insects (especially grasshoppers), aquatic plants, fish (perhaps only in captivity), frogs, crus
Prelims Facts 17 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Estivation

 ``   Estivation is when animals are dormant because weather conditions are very hot and dry. Their breathing rate, heart rate and metabolic rate decrease to conserve energy under these harsh conditions. Humans estivate during the winter months as well as some of these animals.  A few animals on this list include water-holding frog the desert tortoise
Prelims Facts 17 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

KAZIRANGA SANCTUARY

 KAZIRANGA SANCTUARY     Kaziranga National Park is a national park of the state of Assam, India. The park, hosts two-thirds of the world's Indian rhinoceroses It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site It is recognized as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International for conservation of avifaunal species. The park area
Prelims Facts 17 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Green Credit

 Green Credit     It is a special programme that allows an individual or entity to earn Green Credit and trade it on a dedicated exchange. Green Credit refers to a unit of an incentive provided for specified activities that deliver a positive impact on the environment. It is launched at the national level to leverage a competitive market-based approach for incentiv
Prelims Facts 16 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

P20 Summit

 P20 Summit     The 9th G20 Parliamentary Speakers' Summit (P20) will be inaugurated by India and will be hosted by the Parliament of India under the broader framework of India's G20 presidency. It will have 4 main sessions: Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Showcasing Achievements, Accelerating Progress Sustainable Energy Transit
Prelims Facts 13 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

GI tag for Goan Cashew

 GI tag for Goan Cashew     Goan cashew, derived from the Portuguese name ‘caju’ or ‘kaju’ in Konkani. Cashew, native to northeast Brazil in Latin America was introduced to Goa by the Portuguese in the 16th century (1570). Significance of providing GI tag for Goan Cashew: Traders and processors have to comply with the norms of quality,
Prelims Facts 12 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary

 Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary     The sanctuary lies in the Indo-Chinese transition zone and so has highly endemic and significant flora and fauna species. The sanctuary has been named after the Dibang River, a tributary of Brahmaputra River.  It lies adjacent to the Mouling National Park. Has been declared as one of the major bio-diversity hotspots of the
Prelims Facts 11 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Kamlang Tiger Reserve (TR)

 Kamlang Tiger Reserve (TR)     The Kamlang TR is present in Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh and is contiguous to the Namdhapa Tiger Reserve. It is home to all four big cats - tiger, leopard, clouded leopard and snow leopard. It also has several species of hornbills such as Rufous-necked hornbills and Wreathed hornbills that visits in the winters. 
Prelims Facts 11 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

PHONOTAXIS

 PHONOTAXIS     Phonotaxis is defined as the movement by an animal in response to a sound. It has usually observed among crickets, moths, frogs, and toads, among a few other creatures. Two types of phonotaxis include: Positive phonotaxis Its purpose is attraction It happens when the females of a particular species are attracted to the sounds mad
Prelims Facts 09 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

THE DHOLE OR ASIATIC WILD DOG 

 THE DHOLE OR ASIATIC WILD DOG      It is the only endangered wild pack-living canid in the tropical Indian forests It is considered at high risk of extinction with endangered category on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List The diurnal activity of the dholes had the highest temporal overlap with leopards and the lowest with clou
Prelims Facts 09 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Global amphibian assessment

 Global amphibian assessment     The assessment is coordinated by the Amphibian Red List Authority, a branch of the Amphibian Specialist Group of the IUCN’s Species Survival Commission. The assessment has revealed that, 2 out of every 5 amphibians are threatened with extinction.  Between 2004 and 2022, a few critical threats have pushed more than
Prelims Facts 07 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

National Turmeric Board

 National Turmeric Board     Aims to provide leadership in all matters related to turmeric, coordinate with relevant government agencies, particularly the Spices Board, and spearhead efforts to advance the turmeric sector within the country.  The key objective of the board is to raise awareness and consumption of turmeric domestically and internationally. 
Prelims Facts 05 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Jellyfish

 Jellyfish Jellyfish are mainly free-swimming marine animals with umbrella-shaped bells and trailing tentacles, while some tend to be immobile anchored to the seabed by stalks. The tentacles are armed with stinging cells and used to capture prey and defend against predators. They are found all over the world, from surface waters to the deep sea, from marine to freshwater, b
Prelims Facts 01 Oct, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

The House Crow

 The House Crow     The house crow (Corvus splendens), also known as the Indian, greynecked, Ceylon or Colombo crow, is a common bird of the crow family that is of Asian origin. Its size ranges in size  of 40 cm (16 in) in length. It has a widespread distribution in southern Asia, being native to
Prelims Facts 26 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Honey Bees

 Honey Bees     The Muğla region in Bayram mountains of Turkey which produces almost all of the world's pine honey from Mugla Bees, ravaged by 2021 wildfires is yet to recover to pre-wildfire production levels. Honey bees are all native to mainland Afro-Eurasia. The western honey bee, (Apis mellifera) has been domesticated for honey production and cr
Prelims Facts 25 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Survey at Corbett Tiger Reserve

 About 275 bird species, including two critically endangered, four vulnerable ones and two endangered species, were counted during a survey at Corbett Tiger Reserve. Two endangered species — Pallas’s fish-eagle, Egyptian vulture and four vulnerable bird species — great hornbill, great slaty woodpecker, grey-crowned prinia and river tern — have been counted in the survey
Prelims Facts 16 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Hydrogen for Heritage Scheme

 Hydrogen for Heritage Scheme The scheme aims to revolutionise the railway industry by incorporating hydrogen fuel cells as an alternative to diesel engines. The Indian Railways has planned to operate 35 Hydrogen-powered trains to run across 8 heritage routes that are environmentally sensitive hilly regions with a potential for tourism. The project thus promotes clean energy sources with
Prelims Facts 11 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Pollution & Degradation

Royal Bengal Tiger

 Royal Bengal Tiger                                                             The 5
Prelims Facts 08 Aug, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

Nature Restoration Law

 Nature Restoration Law A biodiversity bill initiated by the European Commission in the EU Parliament was passed. It aims to recover degraded ecosystems by reclamation of forested areas, marine habitats and growing birds, bees in the farmlands. Indicates Europe's commitment to achieving green goals and climate adaptation goals.
Prelims Facts 13 Jul, 2023 GS-3 Environmental Conservation

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