Bulgaria

Bulgaria's adoption of the euro in 2026 marks an important milestone in the country’s integration into the European Union's economic and monetary system

Geopolitical and Economic Significance

Being surrounded by countries that are either EU members or close to EU membership, Bulgaria’s shift to the euro will solidify its economic ties to the West.

• Trade: Bulgaria’s geographical location places it at the crossroads of East and West. The adoption of the euro will simplify trade with major EU economies and provide Bulgarian businesses with easier access to European markets, while also attracting more foreign investment.

  Political Influence: As Bulgaria moves closer to full economic integration with the European Union, its geopolitical importance also grows. Its proximity to countries like Turkey, Greece, and Serbia places it in a unique position to act as a bridge for EU relations with both Eastern Europe and the Middle East.

Geography and Location

• Location: Bulgaria lies in the southeastern part of Europe, occupying the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. It has a unique geographical position that serves as a crossroads between Europe and Asia. This makes it a vital player in regional trade and geopolitics.

  Borders:

  • Romania to the north (across the Danube River).

  • Turkey and Greece to the south.

  • North Macedonia to the southwest.

  • Serbia to the west.

  • The Black Sea to the east provides Bulgaria with access to major maritime trade routes.

  Mountains:

  • The Balkan Mountains run centrally, giving the country its name.

  • The Rhodope Mountains are in the south, near the Greek border, adding to Bulgaria's diverse landscape.

  • Musala Mountain in the Rila Mountain range is the highest peak in Bulgaria (9,594 ft.), providing the country with significant natural beauty and potential for tourism.

Rivers and Waterways

• Bulgaria’s major river is the Danube, which forms the northern border with Romania. This river is a vital waterway for trade and transport, linking Bulgaria to Central and Eastern Europe.

• The Iskur, Maritsa, Struma, Tundzha, and Yantra rivers also play an important role in the country's agriculture, water supply, and economic activities.

Climate

• Moderate Continental Climate: Most of the country experiences this climate, which means cold winters and hot, dry summers. This is ideal for agriculture in many regions.

• Mediterranean Influence in the South: The southern parts of Bulgaria, especially near Greece, experience a more Mediterranean climate, which is more temperate and mild, favoring different kinds of agriculture, like olives and citrus fruits.

Capital and Economy

• Sofia, the capital, is not just the political and cultural hub but also the economic heart of Bulgaria. It’s home to key industries, a rapidly growing IT sector, and international business presence.