Context: Since its launch on 15th November, 2023, Prime Minister has regularly interacted with the beneficiaries of the Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra all across the country. The interaction has happened thrice through video conferencing (30th November, 9th December and 16th December). Also, Prime Minister has interacted with Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra beneficiaries physically on two consecutive days (17th-18th December) during his recent visit to Varanasi.
Context: Registration of youth on the Mera Yuva Bharat portal has crossed 35 Lakhs
About the portal:
The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports has launched a tech-driven platform Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat) portal, aimed at fostering youth development and empowering young people to lead positive change.
Key Goals:
Who Benefits?
Impact: This platform holds immense potential to:
NATO:
The headquarters of Allied Command Operations is located in Mons, Belgium. |
BACKGROUND: The Union Cabinet granted approval on November 29 for the Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM JANMAN). This initiative is designed to furnish households and habitations belonging to Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) with fundamental amenities, including secure housing, clean drinking water, sanitation facilities, enhanced access to education, health, and nutrition, improved road and telecom connectivity, and opportunities for sustainable livelihoods.
PM-JANMAN Scheme
PM-JANMAN is a government initiative targeting tribal communities to integrate them into the mainstream.
Implementation Authority:
The Ministry of Tribal Affairs will implement the scheme in collaboration with State governments and Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) communities.
Key Interventions:
Focuses on 11 critical interventions overseen by 9 line Ministries to ensure effective implementation of existing schemes in PVTG-inhabited villages.
Sectors Covered:
Encompasses various sectors such as safe housing (under PM-AWAS Scheme), access to clean drinking water, improved healthcare, education, nutrition, road and telecommunications connectivity, and sustainable livelihood opportunities.
Specific Initiatives:
Includes the establishment of Van Dhan Vikas Kendras for trading in forest produce, off-grid solar power systems for 1 lakh households, and solar street lights.
Overall Impact:
Aims to improve the quality of life and well-being of PVTGs by addressing discrimination and exclusion, recognizing their unique contributions to national and global development.
Challenges in implementation
Data Challenges:
An essential challenge is the absence of current and accurate data on Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). The latest census data available dates back to 2001, with approximately 27.6 lakh individuals in PVTGs. Despite efforts by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs to conduct baseline surveys, a precise and up-to-date dataset for PVTG populations is still pending.
Incomplete Census Data:
The population data submitted to the Parliamentary Standing Committee in 2022 was derived from the 2011 Census and excluded PVTG populations in Maharashtra, Manipur, and Rajasthan.
This lack of contemporary data impedes the accurate assessment of the needs and developmental progress of PVTG communities.
Census Recommendation and Information Gap:
The absence of a dedicated Census for PVTG communities, as suggested by the National Advisory Council in 2013, compounds the challenge of obtaining comprehensive information on their education, health, and housing status.
Diversity and Customized Approaches:
The diverse needs and capacities of PVTGs across regions and states pose a challenge, necessitating tailored and flexible approaches and interventions.
Stigma and Discrimination:
PVTGs face stigma and discrimination in both mainstream society and the state. There is a need for sensitization and awareness initiatives among stakeholders and the public.
Coordination and Convergence:
Ensuring effective coordination and convergence of the scheme with existing programs of central and state governments is crucial. It requires efficient delivery and utilization of Resources and services to meet the needs of PVTGs.
PVTGs:
In 1973, the Dhebar Commission introduced the term Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) to categorize tribal communities marked by a declining population, pre-agrarian technology usage, economic backwardness, and low literacy.
Renaming and Characteristics:
In 2006, the Indian government renamed PTGs as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
PVTGs are identified as less developed among tribal communities and reside in remote, inaccessible areas, facing challenges due to poor infrastructure and administrative support.
Geographical Distribution:
There are 75 PVTG communities located across 18 States and Union Territories in India.
Odisha has the highest number of PVTGs (15), followed by Andhra Pradesh (12), Bihar and Jharkhand (9), Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh (7), Tamil Nadu (6), and Kerala and Gujarat (5 each).
Other communities are spread across Maharashtra, West Bengal, Karnataka, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Tripura, Manipur, and include four tribal groups in the Andaman and one in the Nicobar Islands.
Socio-Economic Challenges:
PVTGs face socio-economic challenges, including limited development, inadequate infrastructure, and administrative support in their remote habitats.
Challenges in their development
Schemes for PVTGs
Several schemes have been implemented by both the central and state governments to support Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
However, challenges in implementation, including Resource constraints, lack of awareness, and unequal treatment among various PVTG groups, have impacted the efficacy of these schemes.
How does PM-JANMAN differ from other schemes?
Background: India set up its Consul General's office in Hanoi in 1956, while Vietnam established its diplomatic mission in 1972. During the Vietnam War, India supported Vietnam against U.S. intervention, despite the strain it caused in Indo-U.S. relations. The ties were reinforced in the early 1990s when India launched its "Look East Policy," focusing on economic integration and political collaboration with Southeast Asia and East Asia.
News:
India must learn from Vietnam’s journey:
Vietnam's Historical Struggles:
Vietnam's history is recounted, starting with its fight against French colonial rule and subsequent engagement in the Vietnam War against the United States. The devastation caused by wars, including the use of Agent Orange, is highlighted.
Transformation and Reconciliation:
Despite the harrowing past, Vietnam has undergone a miraculous transformation, achieving independence and unity. The nation has moved beyond bitterness, fostering friendly relations with both the US and China. The emphasis is on reconciliation and looking towards a bright future.
Vietnam's Wisdom and Defence Policy:
The article shares insights from Ton Sinh Thanh, Vietnam's ambassador to India, who emphasizes the Vietnamese approach of not forgetting but forgiving. Vietnam's wise defence policy, articulated as the "Four Nos," underscores its commitment to peace, non-alignment, and cooperation.
Economic Success and Grievances:
Vietnam's economic reforms, known as 'Doi Moi,' have yielded remarkable results, with impressive growth in per capita income and exports. However, the article notes grievances among Vietnamese officials regarding India's perceived lack of attention to expanding trade relations.
Call for Swift Action by India:
The article concludes with a call for India to "Act East" promptly, urging New Delhi to capitalize on the vast opportunities Vietnam presents. The need for India to respond positively to Vietnam's interest in a Free Trade Agreement is underscored for mutual economic benefit and enhanced regional influence.
Areas of cooperation
Strategic Partnership:
Economic Cooperation:
Trade Relations:
Defence Cooperation:
China Factor:
Cooperation at Multiple Fora:
People-to-People Contacts:
Facts about Vietnam:
Location:
Vietnam is situated in Southeast Asia, sharing borders with China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east and south.
Capital:
The capital of Vietnam is Hanoi.
Largest Rivers:
Vietnam is home to significant rivers, with the Mekong in the south and the Red in the north, both culminating at the South China Sea.
Currency:
The official currency used in Vietnam is the Vietnamese Dong (VND).
Independence:
Vietnam declared its independence on September 2, 1945, liberating itself from French colonial rule.
Historical Events:
Festivals:
Background: Child undernutrition has been a persistent issue in India, and its determinants are diverse, encompassing factors such as food intake, dietary diversity, health, sanitation, women's status, and the overarching context of poverty. The primary measures for childhood undernutrition, including stunting (chronic undernutrition) and wasting (acute undernutrition), rely on anthropometric standards such as height-for-age and weight-for-height. Monitoring these indicators is crucial for assessing actual progress. India, like many other nations, adopts the World Health Organization (WHO) Growth Standards as a global benchmark for measuring malnutrition. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding various aspects of using these growth standards in the Indian context.
Issues:
MGRS as the base
Genetic growth and other concerns
Recommendations of ICMR
World Health Organization (WHO)
Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS)
Background: As per the Financial Stability Report by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA) ratio reached 5% in September 2022. Concurrently, the ratio of Net Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) to net advances has decreased to 1.3% in September 2022, marking the lowest point in the last decade.
The NPAs had experienced an increase from 3.8% in 2014 to 11.4% in 2018. However, a subsequent decline in NPAs has been observed, attributed to reduced slippages, increased write-offs, and a rise in credit growth.
News:
Status of NPAs
Commercial Banks:
Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs):
Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs):
Unsecured Retail Segment:
Non-Performing Assets (NPAs)
Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) refer to loans or advances where the borrower has failed to make the principal or interest payment for a duration exceeding 90 days.
Classification of NPAs by Banks:
Banks are obligated to categorize NPAs into Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss assets based on specific criteria.
Reasons for NPA Crisis in India:
RBI Measures:
Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) Framework (2002):
Schemes for Debt Restructuring:
Government's 4R's Strategy:
Transparent recognition of NPAs.
Reforms in PSBs and Financial Ecosystem:
Implementing reforms in PSBs and the broader financial ecosystem. Aimed at fostering a responsible and clean system.
National Asset Reconstruction Company (NARCL):
Indradhanush Plan:
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016:
Tackling the NPA Crisis: Key Strategies for India
India's NPA crisis, with bad loans choking the banking system, demands immediate and effective action. Here are five crucial steps that can be taken:
1. Policy Alignment: Recognize the ripple effect: Government decisions outside banking can impact specific sectors. For example, mandatory renewable energy purchase obligations (RPOs) for state power utilities affect non-renewable project performance and contribute to NPAs.
Proactive evaluation: Implement time-bound assessments to evaluate project viability before financial commitments. This can shield banks from unintended NPA consequences of policy decisions.
2. Expedited NPA Resolution: Fast-track the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC): The 2016 IBC law provides a framework for swift NPA resolution, but delays in adhering to its timelines hinder effectiveness. Streamlining judicial processes and ensuring timely completion of bankruptcy proceedings are crucial.
3. Bank Governance Revamp: Implement Nayak Committee recommendations: The committee proposed reforms to improve bank board governance, including greater professionalism and expertise. These recommendations should be adopted to strengthen decision-making and risk management within banks.
4. Institutional Restructuring: Strengthen the Banks Board Bureau: This government body plays a role in appointing bank chiefs, but further reforms are needed. Consider options like establishing a state-owned Bank Investment Company or fully handing over bank chairperson selection to the Bureau.
5. Deeper Reforms: Move beyond piecemeal solutions: While initiatives like the Banks Board Bureau are positive, more comprehensive reforms are necessary. Address structural issues within public sector banks (PSBs) and consider bold steps like privatization or consolidation.
News:
The New York Times (NYT) filed a lawsuit against OpenAI and Microsoft, alleging copyright infringement due to AI-generated content.
Claims by NYT:
Diverted Web Traffic:
AI chatbots' outputs divert web traffic from NYT's site, impacting advertising revenue and subscriptions.
Bots compete with the content they are trained on.
Incorrect Attribution:
OpenAI’s GPT-4 falsely attributed product recommendations to NYT's Wirecutter, harming its reputation.
Impact on Original SOURCE Visits:
AI-generated content makes users less likely to visit the original SOURCE for information.
Damage to Reputation:
Incorrect outputs, such as attributing incorrect product recommendations, can harm NYT's reputation.
Broader Legal Landscape:
Growing number of lawsuits against OpenAI for copyright infringement, including complaints from writers and public figures.
Comparison to Napster Case:
NYT compares the lawsuit to the Napster case from over two decades ago, highlighting potential impact on the industry.
NYT's Legal Demands:
Seeks to hold OpenAI and Microsoft responsible for billions of dollars in statutory and actual damages.
Requests the court to order the destruction of AI models or data sets incorporating NYT's work.
Background on Microsoft-OpenAI Partnership:
Microsoft's partnership with OpenAI involves substantial investments since 2019, and Microsoft integrates OpenAI's technology into its products.
OpenAI
OpenAI is a private research laboratory that aims to develop and direct artificial intelligence (AI) in ways that benefit humanity as a whole. The company was founded by Elon Musk, Sam Altman and others in 2015 and is headquartered in San Francisco. OpenAI was created in part because of its founders' existential concerns about the potential for catastrophe resulting from carelessness and misuse of general-purpose AI. The company has a long-term focus on fundamental advances in AI and its capabilities.
Chatbots:
Computer programs simulating conversation with users, often via text interfaces like messaging apps. Utilize natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning for human-like interaction.
Information Processing in AI-based Chatbots:
Some powered by neural networks, a type of AI using models inspired by the human brain. Neural networks consist of interconnected nodes learning patterns in data through exposure. Examples include Microsoft's Copilot and OpenAI’s ChatGPT.
Issues Associated with Chatbots:
Inaccuracy:
May provide inaccurate or incomplete information due to misunderstanding user intent or context. Can result in user frustration and a suboptimal experience.
Security and Privacy Concerns:
Collection of sensitive user information poses risks of data breaches and security threats.
Ethical Considerations:
Risk of perpetuating bias or discrimination if not designed with inclusivity. Concerns in healthcare where misleading information could impact patients.
Way Forward:
Ethics and Inclusivity:
Design with ethical considerations to avoid bias and discrimination. Ensure inclusivity for users from diverse backgrounds.
Collaboration:
Collaborative efforts between humans and chatbots enhance accuracy and effectiveness. Aims to provide users with a more human-like experience.
Context: Recently, the Ministry of Rural Development signed a MoU with Reliance Retail’s JioMart, to onboard Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM’s) SHGs.
News:
The Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) has entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with JioMart, a venture of Reliance Retail, as part of its initiatives to expand the reach of products from Self-Help Groups (SHGs) affiliated with the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM), thereby empowering artisans in rural SHGs.
About Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM):
Historical Background:
Salient Features:
Components of the Mission:
Social Mobilization and Community Institution Strengthening:
Financial Inclusion of the Rural Poor:
Sustainable Livelihoods:
Social Inclusion, Social Development, and Convergence:
Context: India embarks on its first-ever winter expedition to the Arctic. With this initiative, India’s Himadri becomes the fourth research station in the Arctic to be manned year-round.
India's Winter Expedition Plan:
Expedition Team:
A team comprising four scientists, financially supported by the Union Ministry of Earth Sciences, is scheduled to carry out the expedition. The expedition is set to take place from December 19, 2023, to January 15, 2024.
Research Areas:
The primary focus of the expedition encompasses atmospheric sciences, astronomy, astrophysics, climate studies, and related fields.
Himadri Station:
The expedition team will operate from Himadri, which stands as India's exclusive research station in Ny-Ålesund. Ny-Ålesund is situated 1,200 kilometers away from the North Pole.
Special Preparations:
Himadri has undergone preparations tailored for polar night observations. These preparations have been facilitated with the support and collaboration of Norwegian agencies.
Evolution of India's Interest in the Arctic:
Historical Treaty (1920):
India became a signatory to the Svalbard Treaty in 1920. The treaty granted permission for operations in the Svalbard archipelago, which falls under Norwegian sovereignty.
Initial Arctic Expeditions (2007-2008):
India initiated its first expedition to the Arctic in 2007. This led to the establishment of Himadri in 2008, marking India's early involvement in Arctic exploration.
Research Developments:
In 2014, India established the IndArc observatory in the Svalbard archipelago. The Gruvebadet Atmospheric Laboratory was set up in 2016, showcasing India's commitment to scientific research in the Arctic region.
Formulation of India’s Arctic Policy (May 2022):
Released in May 2022, India's Arctic Policy outlines key principles and strategies. The policy is structured around six pillars, emphasizing areas such as scientific research, environmental protection, and fostering international cooperation.
Global Research Presence in the Arctic:
First Research Station:
The initial research station in Ny-Ålesund was established by Japan's National Institute of Polar Research in the year 1990.
International Collaboration:
Ny-Ålesund, located in Svalbard, hosts a total of eleven permanent research stations. This collaborative effort involves ten nations, with India being one of the contributing countries.
Year-Round Human Presence:
Historically, only three Arctic stations have maintained a year-round human presence.
Challenges in Arctic Expeditions:
Harsh Environmental Conditions:
The Arctic region presents extreme cold conditions, with average temperatures in February reaching as low as minus 14 degrees Celsius in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. These severe temperatures pose considerable challenges to conducting expeditions and research activities.
Limited Research Stations:
Currently, only three Arctic research stations have maintained permanent staff throughout the year. The scarcity of such facilities adds to the difficulties faced during Arctic expeditions, limiting the infrastructure available for continuous scientific endeavors.
Geopolitical Constraints:
The presence of multiple state jurisdictions in the Arctic region introduces geopolitical complexities. Ongoing geopolitical tensions, such as the Ukraine-Russia conflict, contribute to the challenges associated with Arctic exploration and may impact international collaborative efforts in the area.
Arctic Region and Its Global Impact:
Geographical Location:
The Arctic Circle is situated to the north of latitude 66° 34’ N, covering the Arctic Ocean.
Climate Change Concerns:
Scientific investigations emphasize the Arctic's impact on global sea levels and atmospheric circulations, primarily due to the melting of ice.
Rising Temperatures:
Over the last century, the Arctic region has encountered an average temperature increase of 4 degrees Celsius.
Declining Sea Ice:
The extent of Arctic sea ice is diminishing at a rate of 13% per decade, potentially resulting in an ice-free Arctic Ocean by the summer of 2040.
Context: Based on media reports of several people from Periakuppam, Ernavur, Burma Nagar experiencing breathlessness and eye and skin irritation after leakage of ammonia from gas pipelines of the unit, the NGT on December 27 issued directions to the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) to file a report on the incident.
News:
Ennore:
Ennore, situated in Chennai, is delineated by the Korttalaiyar River, Ennore Creek, and the Bay of Bengal. This neighborhood is demarcated by the creek, with the southern
About ammonia
Ammonia, represented as NH3, is a compound comprising Nitrogen and Hydrogen, presenting as a colorless gas with a strong and penetrating odor. It exhibits high reactivity and dissolves readily as an alkaline gas.
Production:
Natural: Formed in soil through bacterial processes, natural production occurs during the decomposition of organic matter, including plants, animals, and animal wastes. Bacteria in the intestines and lightning strikes can also contribute. Commercial: Produced through processes like steam reforming of natural gas and coal gasification.
Uses:
Ammonia as a Pollutant:
Ammonia as a Toxic Gas:
NGT
Composition
Powers and jurisdiction
Recently, India released a document titled ‘Re-examining Narratives: A Collection of Essays’ to present alternate perspectives on economic policy that have long-term implications for India’s growth and development priorities.
What are credit rating agencies?
Credit Rating Agencies (CRA) – According to IMF, they are private companies that assess credit risk of borrowers that seeks loans and issue fixed-income securities, such as bonds.
Beneficiary – Individuals, corporation, State or provincial authority, or sovereign government.
Lending parameters – Ratings contributes to the determination of the interest rate, or price, the borrower must pay for financing.
6 Credit Rating Agencies (CRA) registered under SEBI are CRISIL, ICRA, CARE, SMERA, Fitch India and Brickwork Ratings.
sovereign credit rating?
Why do sovereign ratings matter?
Which are the main rating agencies?
While S&P and Fitch rate India at BBB, Moody’s rates the South Asian country at Baa3, which indicates the lowest possible investment grade, albeit with a stable outlook.
What is the government’s criticism?
Recently, the Financial Intelligence Unit India (FIU IND) issued show-cause notices to 9 offshore virtual digital asset service providers (VDA SPs) like Bitfinex and MEXC Global, among others.
What is FIU-IND?
Cash transaction reports – It is mandatory for banks in India to furnish a monthly CTR to the FIU on
What are Virtual Digital Assets (VDA)?
According to the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), a virtual asset service provider (VASp) can be any natural or legal person who conducts activities like carrying out transfer of virtual assets, administer them, or oversee their sale by an issuer’s office.
VDA – It refers to
Indian currency and foreign currency as defined under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, have been excluded from the ambit of VDAs.
Currently, 31 VDA SPs have registered with FIU IND.
Some global regulations of VDA SPs are Dubai Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) in Dubai and Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) in European Union.
What approaches emerge when looking to regulate VDAs?
Bank of International Settlements (BIS) |
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Water Governance poses one of the biggest challenges in modern-day India that looks out for definitive solutions.
Every place and every community have their unique stories and problems associated with water, wherein the governance addresses complications of the governor than the benefits of the governed.
How this scare water resource is to be allocated? How to generate livelihood in the food-energy nexus? How to keep the order of the biosphere balanced.
Key aspects of water governance:
The key aspects of an effective system of water governance in a water blessed country which includes a comprehensive policy followed by an Action Plan to formulate the policy.
Need to emphasized on the importance of resource literacy on water and building institutions in line with framed policies.
Experts prescribed the top-down approach and definition of ‘per capita availability’ to be rechecked and substituted with a bottom-up approach and relevant definitions, that is, a more localized treatment of governing water.
India aspires to become the 2nd largest economy by 2047 which will have an enormous impact on the use of water resources and thus highlights the need for effective water governance.
Need for water governance – India is a water stressed country due to erratic rainfall and excess removal of groundwater
At 1.4 billion, India accounts 17.5% of the world’s population but has only 4% of the fresh water resources. The per capita annual fresh water availability has gone down from 5177 cu m (1951) to 1486 cu m (2019).
What is the significance of water governance?
Top performers of G20 in Water Management |
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What are challenges in water governance?
Water – 7th Schedule of Indian Constitution |
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|
Union List |
State List |
Shipping and Navigation |
On inland, tidal and national waterways |
On inland waterways |
Carriage of goods & passengers |
By sea or in national waterways |
By inland waterways |
Fishing & fisheries |
Beyond territorial waters |
Within state boundary |
Regulation on |
Training and education of mercantile marines by states and other agencies and develop interstate rivers and river valleys |
Taxes on goods and passengers carried by road/ inland waterways |
What is the agenda for action?
The Ministry is charged with health policy in India, which is also responsible for all government programs relating to family planning in India.
Departments
Union Minister- Mansukh L. Mandaviya
Health Missions
Components
Sub Mission |
Launch Year |
National Rural Health Mission |
2005 |
National Urban Health Mission |
2013 |
Ayushman Bharat- It is a flagship scheme recommended by National Health Policy 2017 to achieve the vision of Universal Health Coverage. It has two components
PM-JAY is the world’s largest health insurance scheme fully financed by the government.Launched in 2018, it offers a sum insured of Rs.5 lakh per family for secondary care and tertiary care.Health Benefit Packages covers surgery, medical and day care treatments, cost of medicines and diagnostics. Beneficiaries:It is an entitlement-based scheme that targets the beneficiaries as identified by latest Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) data.The National Health Authority (NHA) has provided flexibility to States/UTs to use non- Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) beneficiary family databases with similar socio-economic profiles for tagging against the leftover (unauthenticated) SECC families. Funding:The funding for the scheme is shared – 60:40 for all states and UTs with their own legislature, 90:10 in Northeast states and Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal and Uttarakhand and 100% Central funding for UTs without legislature. Nodal Agency:The National Health Authority (NHA has been constituted as an autonomous entity under the Society Registration Act, 1860 for effective implementation of PM-JAY in alliance with state governments.The State Health Agency (SHA) is the apex body of the State Government responsible for the implementation of AB PM-JAY in the State.
Key Highlights of the AB PM-JAY Statistics?
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Maternal and Adolescent Health Care
Maternal Mortality Ratio of India has registered a decline from 130 per 1 lakh live birth in Sample Registration System (SRS) 2014-16 to 97 per 1 lakh live birth in SRS 2018-19.
Child Health Program
Immunization
Universal Immunization Program- It is one of the largest public health programs in the world launched in 1978, to provide vaccination at free of cost against 12 preventable diseases.
Nationally against 9 diseases |
Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, Measles, Rubella(a severe form of Childhood Tuberculosis), Hepatitis B, and Meningitis & Pneumonia which is caused by Hemophilus Influenza type B |
Sub-nationally against 3 diseases |
Rotavirus diarrhoea, Pneumococcal Pneumonia, and Japanese Encephalitis |
Mission Indradhanush- It is a targeted approach focused to reach all left-out and dropped out children in pockets of low immunization coverage.
India was declared Polio free country in 2014.
Family planning
As per NFHS-5(2019-21) India has achieved replacement fertility rate (Total Fertility Rate (TFR) =2.0)
Health Insurance Schemes
Disease Control Programmes
Diseases |
Elimination target year |
Malaria |
2030 |
Kala Azar |
2023 |
Lymphatic Filariasis |
2027 |
The programme has achieved the elimination of leprosy as a public health problem as per WHO criteria of less than 1 case per 10,000 population at the National level in 2005.
E-Initiatives
Other key initiatives
https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1990674
The Centre for Research and Planning will serve as a bridge between academic research, legal and judicial education and the judicial systems.
18 traditional trades will be covered in the first instance under PM Vishwakarma.
We provide offline, online and recorded lectures in the same amount.
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We provide offline, online and recorded lectures in the same amount.
Every aspirant is unique and the mentoring is customised according to the strengths and weaknesses of the aspirant.
In every Lecture. Director Sir will provide conceptual understanding with around 800 Mindmaps.
We provide you the best and Comprehensive content which comes directly or indirectly in UPSC Exam.