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Daily News Analysis

Daily News Analysis

Seabuckthorn

The seeds of seabuckthorn and buckwheat grown in the cold desert region of Ladakh are being part of experimental studies aboard the International Space Station (ISS), launched on NASA's Crew-11 mission. About Seabuckthorn Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), often referred to as the ‘Wonder Plant’, ‘Ladakh Gold’, or ‘Golden Bush’, is a hardy shrub
12 Aug,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Indri Lemur

 For the first time, joint research has successfully determined the composition of the intestinal microbiome of the Indri Lemur, a species critically endangered and found only in northeastern Madagascar. About the Indri Lemur The Indri Lemur (scientific name: Indri indri) is one of the most iconic lemur species, known for its distinctive characteristics and critically endangered status.
12 Aug,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA)

 What is CAMPA? About: The Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA) is a statutory body created under the Compensatory Afforestation Fund (CAF) Act, 2016. It operates both at the national and state/UT levels. Its primary aim is to oversee and manage the funds collected for compensatory afforestation when forest land is diverted for non-forest purposes
11 Aug,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Asian Giant Tortoise

 The Asian Giant Tortoise, also known as Manouria emys phayrei, has recently been reintroduced into the Zeliang Community Reserve in Nagaland's Peren district, marking a significant conservation effort for this critically endangered species. About the Asian Giant Tortoise Largest Tortoise in Asia: The Asian Giant Tortoise is the largest tortoise species found in main
11 Aug,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Pilibhit Tiger Reserve

 The Pilibhit Tiger Reserve (PTR), located in the northern part of Uttar Pradesh, is seeing a positive trend in its tiger population, with the count rising from 71 to 80 tigers over the past three years, based on an internal survey conducted by PTR in collaboration with the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). About Pilibhit Tiger Reserve (PTR) Location: PTR spans the Pilibhit, Lakhimp
10 Aug,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

India’s Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006

 The Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006, officially known as the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, is a landmark piece of legislation in India. It aims to recognize the rights of forest-dwelling communities, particularly Scheduled Tribes (STs) and other traditional forest dwellers, who have long been stewards of forest ecosystems. Unlike
10 Aug,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Alpine Musk Deer

 Scientific Name: Moschus chrysogaster Family: Although commonly called a "deer," the Alpine musk deer belongs to a family more closely related to Bovidae, which includes antelopes, bovines, sheep, and goats. Behavior: This species is solitary and primarily crepuscular, meaning it is most active during the twilight hours of dawn and dusk. Distinctive Feat
08 Aug,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Mangrove Ecosystems

 The International Day for Conservation of Mangrove Ecosystems, observed annually on 26th July, serves as a vital reminder of the urgent need to protect mangroves, which are disappearing at an alarming rate, 3-5 times faster than global forests. The day was officially adopted by UNESCO’s General Conference in 2015 to raise awareness about these vulnerable ecosystems and to promote their s
07 Aug,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Mithun

 A significant development has occurred where scientists and tribal farmers from Northeast India have raised a request with the Central Government to include the Mithun (Bos frontalis) under key central sector schemes like the National Livestock Mission (NLM). This move is intended to protect and promote the conservation and sustainable development of Mithun farming. About Mithun (Bos fronta
07 Aug,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary

 Recently, there have been changes to the boundaries of the Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary (NWS), as reported by the Rajasthan Forest Department. These modifications are said to benefit luxury hotels and commercial establishments within the sanctuary and its Eco Sensitive Zone (ESZ). About Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary (NWS) Location: Proximity: Situated just 20 kilometers from Jai
07 Aug,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Red Panda

 Red panda cubs have been born after a 7-year gap at the Himalayan Zoological Park near Sikkim's capital, Gangtok. About Red Panda The Red Panda (also known as the lesser panda) is a unique and endangered species native to the Eastern Himalayas and parts of Southeast Asia. Known for their cute appearance and shy, solitary behavior, red pandas are an important part of the ecosystem and
07 Aug,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Darwin's Frog

 Recently, Chile has launched a renewed effort to save the endangered Darwin's Frog (Rhinoderma darwinii), which has become critically threatened by various environmental challenges. About Darwin's Frog Darwin's frog is a remarkable amphibian species, notable for its unique brooding habits and distinctive appearance. It was first discovered by Charles Darwin during his famous
06 Aug,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary

 The Odisha government has announced plans to introduce tigers to the Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary in Bargarh district, according to a recent statement by a senior official from the state's forest department. About Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary: Located in the Bargarh district of Odisha, near the Hirakud Dam on the Mahanadi River, Debrigarh is one of the most renowned wildlife sanctuar
05 Aug,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Barbados Threadsnake

 The Barbados threadsnake, the world's smallest known snake, has been rediscovered after being thought to have vanished for decades. This tiny reptile, measuring only about 10.4 cm (4.1 inches) in length, has captivated scientists with its peculiar characteristics and its significance to biodiversity. About Barbados Threadsnake Family: Leptotyphlopidae Habitat: Found exclusi
04 Aug,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

International Tiger Day 2025

 India marked International Tiger Day on July 29, 2025, alongside 12 other nations, to raise awareness about tiger conservation globally. About International Tiger Day Date: Observed annually on July 29. Purpose: To promote awareness about the importance of tiger conservation and efforts to protect these majestic creatures and their habitats. Theme for 2025: "Se
03 Aug,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Golden Jackal

 A recent citizen science study has estimated that Kerala is home to a population of approximately 20,000 to 30,000 Golden Jackals. This study highlights the importance of citizen involvement in wildlife monitoring and the value of collective efforts in understanding the distribution and conservation status of species. About Golden Jackals Scientific Name: Canis aureus Commo
02 Aug,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Chamaegastrodia reiekensis

 Newly Discovered Species: Chamaegastrodia reiekensis is a new species of orchid discovered by scientists from Mizoram University and Manipur University in the forests of Northeast India. Name Origin: The orchid is named after its type locality, Reiek, a scenic mountain destination in Mizoram. Reiek is known for its rich biodiversity and serves as a natural habitat for t
29 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Long-Billed Bush Warbler

 The Long-Billed Bush Warbler (scientific name: Locustella major) is a medium-sized songbird that has been recently spotted in Ladakh’s Suru Valley after 46 years. This sighting is significant as it marks the first confirmed sighting of the species in India in nearly five decades. Key Details: Scientific Name: Locustella major Distribution: The species has
28 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sea Slugs

 The discovery of Phyllidia ovata and Phyllidia fontjei, two previously unknown species of wart sea slugs, is a remarkable addition to marine biology. These colorful creatures not only brighten the reefs they inhabit but also play an essential role in signaling the health of coral ecosystems. Fun Facts About Sea Slugs: Soft-bodied and Shell-less: Unlike typical snails, sea slugs don
27 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Pale-capped Pigeon

 The Pale-capped Pigeon, recently photographed in Dehing Patkai National Park in Assam, has caught the attention of birdwatchers and conservationists alike. About Pale-Capped Pigeon Scientific Name: Columba punicea Common Names: Pale-capped Pigeon, Purple Wood Pigeon Appearance: A large, dark purplish-maroon bird with a glossy sheen of green or amethyst.
25 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Allographa effusosoredica

 A team of Indian scientists recently uncovered a previously unknown species of lichen, named Allographa effusosoredica, in the Western Ghats, a globally recognized biodiversity hotspot. About Allographa effusosoredica Allographa effusosoredica is a crustose lichen that displays striking effuse soredia and rare chemical traits, making it stand out in the lichen world. Key Features:
23 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Grassland Bird Survey Report

The first-ever Grassland Bird Survey conducted at Kaziranga National Park provides insights into the grassland ecosystems and their health. Survey Findings: 43 Grassland Species were recorded across the park’s three wildlife divisions. The Finn’s weaver (IUCN status: Endangered) has been reported to be breeding successfully in the park. This bird, lo
20 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Grandala

 The recent sighting of the Grandala in Sainj Valley, Himachal Pradesh, has drawn attention to the rich biodiversity of the Himalayan foothills and their importance as habitats for rare and spectacular species. About the Grandala Scientific Name: Grandala coelicolor Family: Thrush family (Turdidae) Habitat: Primarily found in the Himalayas, this bird inhabits alpine
20 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Blue Rock Pigeon

The blue rock pigeon (scientific name: Columba livia) has recently come under scrutiny due to its presumed role in carrying aspergillosis, a fungal infection that can affect both birds and humans. About Aspergillosis Aspergillosis is an infection caused by Aspergillus, a genus of molds that includes hundreds of species. The most common form of this infection is caused by Aspergillus fumi
20 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Cnemaspis Brahmaputra

 A new species of gecko has been discovered in Assam, and it has been named Cnemaspis brahmaputra, after the Brahmaputra River. Key Details about Cnemaspis Brahmaputra: Geographical Location: The new species was found at Dirgheswari Temple in Assam, on the northern bank of the Brahmaputra River. Taxonomy: This species belongs to the Cnemaspis
19 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary

 The approval of an eco-tourism resort project on the Surla plateau, located within the Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary, has sparked significant concern among environmentalists. About Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary The Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary is a biodiversity hotspot in the Western Ghats, located in the northern part of Goa. Area: The sanctuary spans 208 square kilometers, covering di
17 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Zographetus mathewi

 The discovery of Zographetus mathewi, a new species of butterfly in the Western Ghats. Key Details About Zographetus mathewi Taxonomy: This butterfly belongs to the Zographetus genus, which is part of the Hesperiidae family, commonly known as skippers. It is the 15th species in this genus and the 5th species to be recorded from India, making it a significant find in the field of
17 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

RhoDIS India Programme

 The genetic analysis of rhino horn samples from 2,573 rhinos is a significant step forward in protecting India's rhino population and combating illegal wildlife trade. These samples will be added to the RhoDIS India DNA data library, a key component of the Rhino DNA Indexing System (RhoDIS) launched in 2016. About the RhoDIS India Programme: The RhoDIS India Programme was launched as
17 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Misclassification of India’s Open Ecosystems

India’s deserts, grasslands, and savannas are collectively referred to as open ecosystems they are ecologically rich and culturally significant landscapes. However, these areas have been misclassified as “wastelands” in official policy and land-use records, a designation that overlooks their vital biodiversity and societal value. Understanding Open Ecosystems: Open eco
15 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Blackbuck

The Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra), a native species to India and Nepal, is experiencing a sharp decline in population in the Abohar Wildlife Sanctuary in Punjab, leading to concerns among wildlife officials. About the Blackbuck Scientific Classification: Scientific Name: Antilope cervicapra Native Region: Predominantly found in India and Nepal.
14 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Laughing Dove

 The Laughing Dove (scientific name: Spilopelia senegalensis) was recently spotted in the Nagamalai Hillock Forest near Nambiyur in Erode. It is Known for its unique plumage and graceful nature, the laughing dove is a small pigeon that is often recognized for its soft, cooing call, which some describe as a "laughing" sound. About the Laughing Dove Scientific Classification
13 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Australian Bat Lyssavirus (ABLV)

 Australian Bat Lyssavirus (ABLV) is a rare but deadly virus that is transmitted from bats to humans, and it is closely related to the rabies virus. Key Facts about Australian Bat Lyssavirus (ABLV) 1. Origins and Identification First Identified: ABLV was first identified in 1996 in a fruit bat in northern New South Wales, Australia. Virus Family: ABLV is part of the Rhabdovi
11 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Leopard Population Growth in Dudhwa Tiger Reserve

 A recent report reveals that the leopard population in the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve (DTR) has grown by an impressive 198.91% since 2022, indicating the success of conservation efforts in the region. This significant growth reflects positively on the reserve's ecological health and the effectiveness of wildlife management strategies.Leopards are known to be elusive and adaptable predators, and
11 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Barilius imphalensis

A new species of freshwater fish, named Barilius imphalensis, has been recently discovered in the Imphal River in Manipur, adding to the rich biodiversity of the region. This species, locally called "Ngawa" in the Meitei language, showcases unique features that set it apart from its relatives in India and Southeast Asia. About Barilius imphalensis: Scientific Classificati
11 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Great Hornbill (Malamuzhakki Vezhambal)

 The Great Hornbill, also known as Malamuzhakki Vezhambal in Kerala, is one of the most iconic and majestic birds in India. Recently, this vulnerable species was spotted in the coastal belt of Kakkampara, near Ezhimala in Kannur, Kerala, a location quite far from its typical forested habitats. Scientific Information Scientific Name: Buceros bicornis Common Names: Great Horn
10 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Garcinia kusumae

 The discovery of Garcinia kusumae adds another exciting chapter to the rich botanical diversity of Assam. This species, named after Jatindra Sarma’s late mother, Kusum Devi, is an excellent example of how scientific research and personal stories can intertwine in meaningful ways. Key Features: Dioecious Evergreen Tree: The species is dioecious, meaning it has distinct male an
08 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Discovery of Facciolella smithi

Indian scientists have recently made a significant marine discovery—a new species of deep-sea eel called Facciolella smithi, or Smith’s witch eel, found in the Arabian Sea. The discovery was made by researchers at the ICAR–National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow. About Facciolella smithi Species Name: Facciolella smithi Common Name: Smith's
07 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

White-Eared Night Heron Captured in Namdapha National Park

 In a remarkable discovery, the white-eared night heron, an elusive and endangered bird species, has been camera-trapped in Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve in Arunachal Pradesh. This marks a significant step in the understanding and conservation of this rare species, which has long remained shrouded in mystery due to its secretive and nocturnal behavior. About Namdapha National Park
07 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Similipal Tiger Reserve

 Odisha High Court issued a notice to the Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA) over a ban on Munda tribals from accessing Jayara, a sacred grove inside the tiger reserve.This raised concerns over the conflict between conservation efforts (e.g. tiger reintroduction) and tribal rights under the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006. Background: The Jayara site is sacred to the Munda tribe
02 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Begonia nyishiorum

A fascinating new species of flowering plant, Begonia nyishiorum, has been discovered in the East Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh, further highlighting the rich but underexplored biodiversity of the Eastern Himalayan region. What Is Begonia nyishiorum? Begonia nyishiorum is a newly identified species belonging to the Begoniaceae family. It is endemic to Arunachal Pradesh, meaning it is
02 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Asiatic Wild Dog

 Asiatic Wild Dog A new study by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) has confirmed the return of the dhole (Asiatic wild dog) to Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong Landscape (KKAL) in Assam, after being believed locally extinct in the region. About Asiatic Wild Dog Feature Details Scientific Name Cuon alpinus
01 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

India's First Butterfly Sanctuary: Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary

 India's First Butterfly Sanctuary: Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary In a significant step towards biodiversity conservation, Kerala has established India’s first butterfly sanctuary, located in the Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary in Kannur district, Kerala. This move reflects a focused effort on protecting butterfly species and raising awareness about their conservation. Background E
01 Jul,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Impact of Climate Change on Water and Energy Demand

 Impact of Climate Change on Water and Energy Demand The growing interplay between climate change, water availability, and energy demand presents a significant challenge to sustainable development. As global temperatures rise, both energy and water resources face increasing stress, necessitating integrated resource management to mitigate these effects. How Climate Change Affects Energy Demand
04 Jan,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Cameroon Islands and Douala-Edea National Park

 Cameroon Islands and Douala-Edea National Park Context: In Cameroon, the NGO Papaye International runs a sanctuary for orphaned chimpanzees across three islands within the Douala-Edea National Park. This initiative is part of the larger conservation efforts to protect the region's unique wildlife, including endangered chimpanzees. Cameroon Islands: The Cameroon Islands are pa
03 Jan,2025 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Jim Corbett National Park:

   Jim Corbett National Park: Jim Corbett National Park, located in the Nainital district of Uttarakhand, is one of the most renowned national parks in India. It is part of the Corbett Tiger Reserve and plays a significant role in wildlife conservation, particularly in protecting the Bengal tiger. Established in 1936 as Hailey National Park, it is the oldest national park in India and
03 Dec,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Mangroves in Coastal Resilience
01 Nov,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species in News: Sturgeon

 Sturgeons are among the most endangered species groups on Earth, with a lineage dating back to the age of dinosaurs. The WWF report has highlighted alarming trends in illegal sturgeon fishing and trade, impacting over 1,000 species in the last five years. Key Points Endangered Status: Sturgeons are considered the most endangered species group globally, primarily due to illegal fishing and
31 Aug,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Gross Environment Product Index (GEPI) in Uttarakhand

 Uttarakhand has pioneered the launch of the Gross Environment Product Index (GEPI), marking a significant step towards integrating environmental metrics into economic planning. What is GEPI? Definition: GEPI is a novel framework designed to evaluate ecological development and the impacts of human activities on the environment. Four Pillars: Air Soil Water Trees (Forest) Formul
30 Aug,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

National Monsoon Mission (NMM)

 The upcoming new mission to improve weather forecasting in India, with a budget surpassing Rs 10,000 crore, builds on the success of the existing National Monsoon Mission (NMM). This enhanced mission is designed to leverage advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and cutting-edge weather forecasting tools, to provide more precise and hyperlocal predict
25 Aug,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Indian Ocean Structures: Indian Names

 India has successfully proposed names for three geographical structures located along the Southwest Indian Ridge in the Indian Ocean. These names have been approved by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) and UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC). Newly Named Structures Ashoka Seamount: Named after the rulers of the Mauryan dynasty. Discovered in
16 Aug,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Renewable Energy in India

 India's renewable energy (RE) sector has been making significant progress in recent years, as highlighted by a 165% growth in capacity over the last decade. Renewable energy, which comes from naturally replenishing sources like solar, wind, geothermal, and hydro power, is a key element in India's energy transition. Here's a breakdown of the current status and challenges: Current Sta
14 Aug,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Methanotrophs

 Introduction Methanotrophs are specialized microorganisms capable of utilizing methane (CH₄) as their primary source of carbon and energy. Recently, India's first cultures of the indigenous methanotroph Methylocucumis oryzae have been discovered in rice fields and wetlands in Western India, highlighting their ecological importance. Characteristics of Methanotrophs Classification:
12 Aug,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

CITES Report on Rosewood: “CITES Rosewoods: The Global Picture”

 The recently released CITES report titled “CITES Rosewoods: The Global Picture” provides a comprehensive analysis of rosewood species listed under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). This report is instrumental in guiding CITES parties to make informed non-detriment findings (NDFs) regarding the trade of rosewood species. Key
31 Jul,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species in News

 Mainland Serow  The Mainland Serow is a distinctive antelope-like mammal that has recently been recorded at a notably low elevation in Assam's Raimona National Park. It is native to the Himalayan region, Southeast Asia, and China. Key Facts: Species Description: Common Name: Mainland Serow Scientific Name: Capricornis sumatraensis Appearance: Mainland Serows resemble lar
22 Jul,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Regional Analysis of Indian Ocean (RAIN) System

 1. What is the Regional Analysis of Indian Ocean (RAIN) System? The Regional Analysis of Indian Ocean (RAIN) system is a sophisticated data assimilation system developed by the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS). It is designed to enhance the understanding and monitoring of the Indian Ocean's health through advanced oceanographic data. a. Upgraded Version Feat
21 Jul,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Murraya and Davana Flowers

 The National Botanical Research Institute's initiative to preserve and produce Murraya and Davana flowers is a significant step in maintaining the cultural and botanical heritage associated with the 12th-century Shree Jagannath Temple in Puri, Odisha. Davana (Family: Asteraceae) Description: Davana is an aromatic herb known for its delicate fragrance. The essential oil extracted from
13 Jul,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Araku Coffee

 Araku Coffee, particularly known for its Araku Arabica variety, has gained notable recognition, including mention in Prime Minister Narendra Modi's 'Mann ki Baat' program. This coffee is celebrated for its unique qualities and sustainable production practices. Key Points: Geographical Origin: Location: Araku Coffee is cultivated in the hilly regions of the Araku Valley, sit
07 Jul,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Great Indian Bustard (GIB)

 The Great Indian Bustard (GIB) is in the news due to the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) approving funds for the next phase of the Bustard Recovery Program, which will run from 2024 to 2029. Here's an overview of the program, its background, current status, and objectives: Bustard Recovery Program Coverage of Species Great Indian Bustard (GIB): A critica
04 Jul,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Small island developing states (SIDS)

 The  Panama evacuating the Guna community from Gardi Sugdub island highlights the severe impact of climate change on small island developing states (SIDS). Why This is Newsworthy: First of Its Kind: Panama is the first country to carry out a complete evacuation of an island community due to climate change-induced sea level rise. This sets a precedent and underscores the urgency of th
25 Jun,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Bayesian Convolutional Neural Network (BCNN)

 The Bayesian Convolutional Neural Network (BCNN) developed by the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) represents an advanced approach to forecasting complex climatic phenomena such as El Niño and La Niña events. What is a Bayesian Convolutional Neural Network (BCNN)? Convolutional Neural Network (CNN): Purpose: CNNs are designed to automati
21 Jun,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Species in News

 Stellaria mcclintockiae The newly discovered plant species Stellariamcclintockiae in Kerala’s Nelliyampathy hills , Named in honor of Nobel laureate Barbara McClintock, known for her work on genetic transposition, this species is notable as the first Stellaria species identified in South India. The plant is an annual herb and stands out due to its unique floral structures, including it
16 Jun,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Biocovers

 Biocovers are a fascinating and innovative approach to managing methane emissions from landfills. What are Biocovers? Biocovers are a sustainable technology used to control methane emissions from landfills. They are designed to reduce greenhouse gases, primarily methane (CH₄), by converting them into less harmful carbon dioxide (CO₂). This process helps mitigate the environmental impact
01 Jun,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Pinanga Subterranea

 Pinanga subterranea is a species of palm tree native to Borneo. It's the 1st known species of palm to flower and fruit almost exclusively underground. This rare phenomenon has only been recorded in one other plant group, the orchid Rhizanthella.
05 Feb,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

ReTro

 Chinese scientists recently announced that they have cloned a Rhesus monkey named ReTro that lived to adulthood. The scientists created ReTro using a slightly modified version to create Dolly the Sheep and other mammals like the long-tailed macaque, which was the first primate to be cloned.
03 Feb,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Gangetic dolphin – Fresh water Dolphins

 River dolphins are a group of freshwater cetaceans that inhabit various river systems across Asia and South America. The Six Surviving River Dolphin Species include: Amazon, Ganges, Indus, Irrawaddy, Tucuxi, and the Yangtze finless porpoise.The Chinese river dolphin was deemed 'probably extinct' in 2007. As per the IUCN Red list, Yangtze finless po
02 Feb,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Lamprey fish

 A recent study has uncovered two potential new species of lamprey fish in California waters. About Lamprey Fish Lampreys are boneless, jawless fish with eel-like bodies that date back over 350 million years. They belong to a relic (primitive) group of jawless fish called Agnathans. They live in coastal and fresh waters and are found in temperate regio
02 Feb,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Green Hydrogen from Whisky Distillery

 Researchers at the Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh used wastewater from the whisky distilling industry to produce green hydrogen, which is a type of sustainable fuel. They did this by developing a new nanoscale material, nickel selenide that allowed distillery wastewater to replace fresh water in the green hydrogen production & it treats the wastewater.
30 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Global Carbon Project (GCP) Report

 The Global Carbon Project report for 2023 was released during the recent COP28 summit held in Dubai, UAE. It is a Global Research Project of Future Earth and a research partner of the World Climate Research Programme. Established in – 2001 It is prepared every year by a global consortium of scientists. Aim – To develop a complete picture of
29 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Isopod 

 An international team of marine biologists recently discovered a unique isopod, a form of crustacean, that has been formally identified as a new species of the genus Booralana. Isopods are an order of invertebrates (animals without backbones) that belong to the greater crustacean group of animals, which includes crabs and shrimp. Scientists estimate that there are around 10,0
28 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Pulikulam Cattle breed

 Interest in indigenous cattle breeds like the Pulikulam is reviving which is famous for a local game called Jalikattu in TamilNadu. It is a popular draught and game breed of Tamil Nadu. The cattle originated from Pulikulam, a village located in Sivaganga district of Tamil Nadu. It is also known as Palingu maadu, Mani maadu, Jallikattu maadu, Mattu maadu and Kilakattu maadu.
28 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sisal

 Sisal is a species of flowering plant native to southern Mexico. Sisal, (Agave sisalana), plant of the family Asparagaceae and its fibre, the most important of the leaf fibre group. The leaves have been used to make twine, cloth, carpets and mezcal, a distilled alcoholic beverage. A recent study suggests that the sisal leaves could make sanitary napkins more sustainable in India.
27 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Vulture Facts

 The crash in their population from estimated 4 crores in the early 1980s to less than a lakh by 2007 in India is unprecedented in the animal world. Outside of the oceans, vultures are the only known obligate scavengers. The ecological, social and cultural significance of vultures in India may be summed up as: scavenging on animal carcasses and thereby helping keep the env
26 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

African dream herb

 A dying traditional game, given a fresh lease of life at the ongoing Karbi Youth Festival (KYF) in central Assam’s Karbi Anglong district, has fuelled a drive for conserving a creeper known as the African dream herb. About African dream herb A perennial climbing vine that is used by African traditional healers to induce vivid dreams that enables them to communicate efficien
25 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Senna spectabilis

 It is a species of the legume family. It is native to South and Central America and is grown as an ornamental plant as it has bright yellow flowers.  It was introduced as shade trees for coffee and firewood in the country; it soon became a threat to native tree species as its dense foliage prevented the growth of other indigenous trees and grass species. It is considere
25 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Yen Denominated Green Bonds

 Ministry of Power, has achieved a significant milestone by issuing its inaugural Japanese Yen (JPY) 61.1 billion green bonds under Global Medium Term Notes Programme. Yen Denominated Green Bonds It is REC Limited’s eleventh venture into the international bond market and inaugural Yen Bond issuance, which is also the first Yen Green Bonds issuance by any Indian PSU Time period
24 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Humboldt’s Enigma

 Explorers and naturalists have been curious why some areas are more biodiverse than others. What is Humboldt’s enigma? It is a term used to describe the puzzle of why some mountain regions, especially in the tropics, have exceptionally high biodiversity, contrary to the expected decrease in diversity away from the equator. It is named after Alexander von Humboldt, a 19th-cent
23 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Snow Leopard

 The Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park (PNHZP), also known as Darjeeling zoo was successful in breeding 77 snow leopards since the 1980s. Darjeeling Zoo is the world’s 2nd largest Snow Leopard breeding program next to New York’s Bronx Zoo. Scientific Name – Panthera uncia They are referred as the ‘ghost of the mountains’ fo
23 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Tibetan brown bear-SIKKIM

 A rare and elusive bear, the Tibetan brown bear, has been recently sighted in Sikkim, making it the first confirmed record of the animal being sighted in India. Tibetan Brown Bear The Tibetan brown bear, also known as the Tibetan blue bear, is one of the rarest subspecies of bears in the world and is rarely sighted in the wild.  Scientific Name: Ursus arctos
22 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Gentoo penguin-Chilean Antarctica

 Recently, a photographer has spotted an extremely rare all-white Gentoo penguin in Chilean Antarctica. Gentoo penguin It is exclusively found in the Southern Hemisphere between 45 and 65 degrees south latitude. Within this range, gentoos are found on the Antarctic Peninsula as well as many sub-Antarctic islands. One of the most predominant locations gentoos inhabit is the&nb
22 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Paramyrothecium indicum- Fungus

 Scientists recently discovered a new species of fungus in Kerala, named ‘Paramyrothecium indicum’. Paramyrothecium indicum It is a new species of phytopathogenic fungus. Phytopathogens are parasites surviving on a plant host.  Most of Paramyrothecium are phytopathogens. They are responsible for “serious plant diseases which might negatively affe
22 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Himalayan Wolf

 Himalayan Wolf has been assessed for the first time in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)’s Red List and categorised as ‘Vulnerable’. Himalayan Wolf The Himalayan Wolf (Canis lupus chanco), a prominent lupine predator found across the Himalayas. It is also called Tibetan wolves, which live at more than 4,000 metres altitudes and are gene
20 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Conjoined Silverline (Cigaritis conjuncta)

 Researchers from the National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS) found a new butterfly species in Karnataka’s Bramhagiri Wildlife Sanctuary, Kodagu. Conjoined Silverline butterfly The butterfly species -- Conjoined Silverline (Cigaritis conjuncta) found from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India.  Features The new butterfly is the size of a one
19 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

India’s First Dark Sky Park

 The Pench Tiger Reserve in Maharashtra has been designated as India's first Dark Sky Park and the fifth in Asia, protecting the night sky and preventing light pollution. India’s First Dark Sky Park The Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR) in Maharashtra is India's first Dark Sky Park within a tiger reserve for earmarking areas around the park that restrict light pollutio
18 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Critically Important Antimicrobials (CIA)

 The findings of a new survey by the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) underscored the need for properly monitoring critically important antimicrobials to mitigate AMR. CIAs – They represent a class of antimicrobials. Categorised by – World Health Organisation (WHO). 3 groups – Based on their importance to human medicine and the&n
16 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Vazhakulam variety

 Vazhakulam pineapple is a pineapple grown in the Vazhakulam area of Kerala, India. The pineapple is unique in aroma, flavour and sweetness due to its high sugar content and low acidity. Vazhakulam is considered as the biggest pineapple market in India. It got its GI tag in 2009.
12 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Elasmobranch Species

 Shark & ray meat (elasmobranch meat) consumption no longer restricted to India’s tribal & coastal peoples. Elasmobranch is a subclass of the Class Chondrichthyes: Cartilaginous Fishes, which consists of sharks, rays, skates, and chimaeras. The rise in demand for elasmobranch meat could lead to more unsustainable fishing of shark species. Difference - The other
11 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Nathapodytes nimmoniana

 Researchers at the Indian Institutes of Technology Madras and Mandi have metabolically engineered plant cells to increase production of anti-cancer drug camptothecin (CPT). Nathapodytes nimmoniana Nathapodytes nimmoniana is an endangered medicinal plant widely distributed throughout the Western Ghats of India. The plant contains camptothecin (CPT) which is renowned anticancer drugs.
11 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Amrit Dharohar Scheme

 Recently, Ministry of Tourism started training in Bhitarkanika National Park, Odisha under Amrit Dharohar Capacity Building Scheme. Goal – To promote unique conservation values of Ramsar Sites’. Ramsar Convention of 1971, an intergovernmental treaty for conservation and wise use of wetlands, was ratified by India in 1982. Purpose – To maintain he
09 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Wetland City Accreditation

 Recently, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has submitted three nominations from India for Wetland City Accreditation (WCA) of Indore (Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) & Udaipur (Rajasthan) under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. WCA – A voluntary scheme that recognizes cities which have taken exceptional steps to safeguard their urban wetl
08 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Litchi

 National Research Centre on Litchi (NRCL) has successfully expanded litchi cultivation in India by providing technical help, plants and training to farmers. It is a sweet juicy fruit which is also known as lychee or lichee. Scientific name – Litchi chinensis under soapberry family (Sapindaceae). It is a small, oval roundish fruit that is native to
05 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Sikki or Golden Grass

 Sikki artisans suffer livelihood losses amid climate change & state apathy. Family - Zizanoides grass family. Scientific name - Chrysopogon zizanioides Sikki finds mention in ancient Sanskrit texts such as the Ramayana, where it is referred to as viran, sugandhimool, ushir and nalad. Tarai Region - This grass grows indigenously in the Tarai regions of Uttar P
03 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Mayurbhanj’s Red Ant Chutney

 Mayurbhanj’s red ant chutney receives GI tag. The Chutney Made with - The chutney is made with read weaver ants by the tribal people of Odisha’s Mayurbhanj district. Other name - It is also known by the name Similipal kai Chutney. Making - Red weaver ants are collected from the nests along with their eggs and cleaned. After that, the chutney is prepared by
03 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Darien Jungle Gap

 It is a sparsely populated geographic region of the easternmost Isthmus of Panama that extends into northwestern Colombia, around the Gulf of Urabá.It forms the physiographic link between Central and South America. Over 100,000 minors crossed Darien gap in 2023 to reach US. Features - A hot, humid area typified by tropical rainforests, mangrove swamps, and low mountain ranges
02 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

Year End Review – Environment

 MoEFCC is the nodal agency for planning, co-ordination and overseeing the implementation of India’s environmental and forestry policies and programmes. Updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) The updated NDCs seeks to enhance India’s contributions towards achievement of the strengthening of global response to the threat of climate change, as agreed und
01 Jan,2024 GS-3 Biodiversity and Environment

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