Daily News Analysis

Global Carbon Project (GCP) Report

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The Global Carbon Project report for 2023 was released during the recent COP28 summit held in Dubai, UAE.

It is a Global Research Project of Future Earth and a research partner of the World Climate Research Programme.

  • Established in – 2001
  • It is prepared every year by a global consortium of scientists.

Aim – To develop a complete picture of the global carbon cycle, including both its biophysical and human dimensions together with the interactions and feedbacks between them.

Focus – On the global biogeochemical cycles which govern 3 greenhouse gases (GHGs) like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), including their natural and human drivers, and opportunities for low carbon pathways.

Significance – It produces Global Carbon Budget annually which provides an in-depth look at the amount of fossil fuels that nations around the world burn and where it ends up.

  • 2023 report – It projects fossil CO2 emissions of 36.8 billion tonnes in 2023, up 1.1% from 2022.
  • Global emissions from coal, oil and gas are all projected to increase with most steep increase from oil.
  • Atmospheric CO2 levels are projected to average 419.3 ppm in 2023, 51% above pre-industrial levels.

In India – CO2 emissions will cross 3 gigatons (gt) by the end of 2023, about 8% higher than the figure of 2022.

  • India’s per capita emissions is only about 1.9 tonnes (against a world average of almost 5 tons) and its cumulative emissions is only 3% (as against 25% for US) of the global emissions.

India’s Third National Communication (2023) Report

  • India’s total greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) was 3.1 gt of CO2eq (2019).
  • Almost 76% of GHGs were emitted by the energy sector followed by agriculture and industrial process sectors.
  • About 92% of the CO2 emissions is from the energy sector.
  • Among energy sectors, power generation contributes about 39% in the total CO2 emissions followed by transport and iron and steel.

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