Mithun

A significant development has occurred where scientists and tribal farmers from Northeast India have raised a request with the Central Government to include the Mithun (Bos frontalis) under key central sector schemes like the National Livestock Mission (NLM). This move is intended to protect and promote the conservation and sustainable development of Mithun farming.

About Mithun (Bos frontalis)

The Mithun, also known as gayal, is a semi-domesticated bovine species that plays an important cultural, economic, and ecological role, especially in Northeast India.

Origin and History:

• Believed to have originated over 8,000 years ago, Mithun is considered a descendant of the wild Indian gaur (Indian bison).

• It is often referred to as the ‘cattle of the mountain’ due to its affinity for the hilly terrains of the Northeast.

Distribution:

• The highest concentration of Mithuns is found in the Northeast region of India, particularly in Arunachal Pradesh, which has the largest population.

• It is also present in parts of Southeast Asia, including Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Bhutan.

• Mithuns are adapted to live in the tropical evergreen rainforests of these regions.

• The state animal of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland, Mithun holds cultural and traditional significance in these areas, with its importance highlighted during the ‘Soulung Festival’, celebrated annually by the Adi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh.

Mithun Features:

• Appearance: Mithun resembles the Guar (Indian bison) but is generally smaller in size.

  • Weight: Typically weighs between 400-650 kg.

  • Distinctive Features:

    • Head: Broad frontal bone with a flat-shaped face, which gives it an inverted triangle shape from the front.

    • Horns: The horns vary in color from whitish-yellow to salty black.

    • Skin Color: Blackish-brown skin with a creamy white or yellowish forehead.

• Behavior: They move in small groups, typically comprising one or two males, along with several females and calves.

Conservation Status:

• IUCN Red List: Mithun is classified as Vulnerable, indicating a risk of extinction in the wild.

• CITES: Listed in Appendix I, which includes species that are threatened with extinction and are prohibited from international trade unless under exceptional circumstances.