Thumri music

The recent loss of Pandit Chhannulal Mishra, a towering figure in the world of Thumri music, marks the end of an era for one of the last great exponents of the Purab Ang of Banaras Gharana. Pandit Mishra’s contributions to the tradition were immense, and his passing has left a void in the world of Hindustani classical music. As a Padma Vibhushan awardee, his artistry and mastery will be remembered as part of the rich legacy of Thumri.

About Thumri Music

Thumri is a semi-classical vocal form of Hindustani music that is often referred to as the “lyric of Indian classical music.” It is known for its emotional depth and the expression of bhava (emotion) rather than strict adherence to raga grammar. Thumri is rooted in love, separation, and devotion, particularly revolving around Radha-Krishna episodes.

1. Origins and Development:

   • Thumri originated in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, particularly in Lucknow and Benares, during the 18th century.

   • It was developed by Sadiq Ali Shah and became a distinctive musical style.

2. Themes:

   • The themes of love, devotion, and separation are predominant. Most compositions center around the Radha-Krishna mythos, exploring the divine love and longing between the two.

3. Language:

   • Thumris are usually sung in Braj Bhasha, Awadhi, and Hindi dialects, with influences from Urdu and Sanskrit.

4. Distinct Feature:

   • A unique feature of Thumri is the freedom of improvisation. Unlike many classical forms, which strictly follow the raga grammar, Thumri places a heavy emphasis on emotional expression, allowing the artist a level of creativity and improvisation.

5. Associated Dance Form:

   • Thumri is closely associated with Kathak, a classical dance form that enhances the narrative expression of the music. Kathak’s fluid movement and expressive storytelling complement Thumri's emotive lyrics.

Types of Thumri

1. Purbi Thumri:

   • Known for its slow tempo, Purbi Thumri is deeply emotional and lyrical, and is most closely associated with the Banaras Gharana. It is more reflective and subtle, with an emphasis on expressing deep emotions through music.

2. Punjabi Thumri:

   • A faster, more energetic style, Punjabi Thumri is associated with the Patiala Gharana. It has a livelier, rhythmic quality and is known for its vibrant expressions.

Major Gharanas of Thumri

1. Banaras Gharana:

   • The Banaras Gharana is deeply rooted in the traditions of Purbi Thumri and was popularized by legends such as Girija Devi, Rasoolan Bai, Siddheshwari Devi, and Pandit Chhannulal Mishra. The style is known for its emotional richness and devotional nuances.

2. Lucknow Gharana:

   • Known for its courtly refinement under the influence of the Nawabs of Lucknow, this gharana produced Begum Akhtar, whose Thumris embodied elegance, grace, and intricate vocal techniques.

3. Patiala Gharana:

   • The Patiala Gharana is known for its vibrant and rhythmic style, incorporating intricate layakari (rhythmic play) and a more robust, energetic form of Thumri.

Legacy of Pandit Chhannulal Mishra

Pandit Chhannulal Mishra, an iconic figure in the Banaras Gharana, was renowned for his mastery of the Purab Ang. His renditions of Thumri, Dadra, and Tappa were celebrated for their purity, emotional depth, and nuanced interpretations. His death marks a monumental loss for the world of Hindustani classical music.

• Chhannulal Mishra was a torchbearer of the Banaras Gharana, known for his impeccable technical skills, ragas, and deep devotional connection to the music. He maintained the traditional essence while continuously exploring the emotional and spiritual layers of Thumri.

• His passing has left a void in the world of classical music, but his legacy will continue to inspire generations of musicians, scholars, and listeners who revere his contributions to the evolution of Thumri and its place in Indian classical music.