Sahariya Tribe

• Recent research has revealed a possible genetic link associated with the unusually high rate of tuberculosis (TB) among the Sahariya tribe of central India.

• This discovery helps understand the health vulnerabilities of this tribal group and may guide future healthcare interventions.

About the Sahariya Tribe

• The Sahariya tribe is classified as one of India’s Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) — meaning they are among the most disadvantaged and vulnerable communities.

• According to Census 2011, their population is around six lakh (600,000).

• They are primarily found in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and scattered in a few other states.

1. Living Conditions and Social Structure

• The Sahariyas are also known by various names such as Seher, Sair, Savar, Saonar, Sahra.

• They generally live in distinct settlements called ‘Seharana’, which are clusters of houses set apart from non-Sahariya village members.

• Houses are typically constructed with stone boulders and roofing made of stone slabs (Patore); some use mud structures.

• Strong ties to the caste system exist in the villages, with people of the same caste living close to each other.

• They usually live in small joint families.

1. Language and Religion

• The tribe has lost its original language and now speaks the local dialects of the regions they inhabit.

• They practice traditional ethnic religions but also incorporate Hindu values into their identity.

• The Saharia Swang is a famous traditional dance performed during Holi, featuring:

  • Music from instruments like dhol, nagari, and matki.

  • A male performer dressed as a female dancing around male performers.

Livelihood and Economy

• The Sahariyas are mainly forest dwellers living in remote areas.

• Their livelihood includes:

  • Collection of forest produce.

  • Small-scale cultivation of land.

  • Working as landless laborers.

  • Skilled production of catechu from khair trees.

• Seasonal migration is common to supplement their limited income.

1. Health Concerns and TB

• The tribe has a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB).

• The recent genetic study suggests that genetic factors may contribute to this high TB rate, apart from socioeconomic and environmental factors.

• Understanding these genetic links can help develop targeted healthcare interventions and improve disease management in the community.