Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD)

• The national capital is witnessing a significant rise in HFMD cases, especially among children.

• This has caused concern among parents and healthcare providers due to the rapid spread in schools and daycare centers.

What is HFMD?

• HFMD is a common viral illness that primarily affects infants and young children, though adults with weak immune systems can also be affected.

• It is caused mostly by the Coxsackie virus A16.

Transmission and Spread

• HFMD spreads quickly in close-contact environments such as schools and daycare centers.

• The virus is transmitted through direct contact with saliva, mucus, feces, or fluid from blisters of an infected person.

• It is highly contagious during the first week of illness.

Difference from Foot-and-Mouth Disease

• HFMD is not related to foot-and-mouth disease, which affects livestock such as cattle, sheep, and pigs.

• They are caused by different viruses and affect different species.

Symptoms of HFMD

• Sores or ulcers inside the mouth, causing pain and difficulty eating or drinking.

• A rash with red spots and sometimes blisters on the palms, soles, and sometimes the buttocks and legs.

• Other symptoms may include fever, loss of appetite, sore throat, and general malaise.

Recovery and Treatment

• There is no specific antiviral treatment for HFMD.

• The illness is usually mild and self-limiting, with symptoms resolving in 7 to 10 days.

• Treatment focuses on symptom relief, such as fever reducers and pain management.

• Adequate hydration and rest are important.

Complications

• Complications are rare.

• In some cases, especially with Coxsackie virus A16, patients may develop viral (aseptic) meningitis, characterized by fever, headache, stiff neck, or back pain.

• This may require hospitalization and supportive care.

Prevention

• Maintain good hand hygiene, especially after diaper changes or using the restroom.

• Disinfect common surfaces and toys regularly.

• Avoid close contact with infected individuals.

• Keep children with symptoms at home to prevent spreading the virus.