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Tamil Nadu is set to deploy India's first 3D-printed artificial reef modules in the coastal waters off Ramanathapuram under the second phase of the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) to promote marine habitat restoration and enhance coastal biodiversity.
About India's First 3D-Printed Artificial Reef Modules
Deployment and Objective
The 3D-printed artificial reef modules will be deployed approximately two nautical miles offshore along the Ramanathapuram coast. The project will function as a pilot initiative to evaluate the effectiveness of six innovative reef designs developed using advanced 3D-printing technology for restoring degraded marine ecosystems.
Development
The reef modules have been developed by Tvasta, an IIT Madras-incubated startup, in collaboration with the Visakhapatnam Regional Centre of the ICAR–Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI). Each module weighs nearly one tonne and has been specifically designed to improve marine biodiversity.
Features of the 3D-Printed Artificial Reef Modules
Advanced Design
Unlike conventional reinforced concrete reefs, the new modules incorporate complex geometries with multiple crevices, folds, and attachment surfaces, creating suitable habitats for a wide variety of marine organisms.
Eco-Friendly Construction
The modules are manufactured without iron reinforcement and use innovative porous materials that provide ideal substrates for the growth of corals, sponges, algae, and other reef-associated marine fauna.
Enhanced Biodiversity
The high structural complexity, greater surface area, and species-specific habitat design improve ecological diversity by supporting the settlement, breeding, and shelter of different marine species.
Technological Advantages
The 3D-printing technology enables faster fabrication, reduced labour requirements, and greater flexibility in material composition, allowing the reef modules to be customised according to the ecological conditions of different coastal regions.
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