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Recently, a scientific study revealed that microplastic pollution is reaching the ecologically sensitive Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, carrying heavy metals into the Brahmani River and posing a serious threat to its aquatic ecosystem.
About Brahmani River
The Brahmani River is one of the major east-flowing rivers of eastern India, flowing predominantly through the state of Odisha. It is formed by the confluence of the Sankh River and the South Koel River near the industrial city of Rourkela in Odisha.
Both the Sankh and South Koel rivers originate from the Chota Nagpur Plateau, making the Brahmani one of the important river systems draining this plateau towards the Bay of Bengal.
River Basin
The Brahmani River Basin extends across the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha before finally draining into the Bay of Bengal. It plays a significant role in supporting agriculture, industries, and biodiversity across eastern India.
The basin is bounded by the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the north, the Mahanadi River Basin in the west and south, and the Bay of Bengal in the east.
Tributaries
The principal tributaries of the Brahmani River include the Sankh, South Koel, Tikra, and Karo rivers. Among these, the Sankh and South Koel are the two headstreams that give rise to the Brahmani River.
Geographical Features
The Brahmani River is one of the few rivers that cut across the Eastern Ghats. During its course, it has carved a minor gorge at Rengali in Odisha, where the Rengali Dam has been constructed for irrigation, flood control, and hydroelectric power generation.
As the river approaches the coast, it forms the Brahmani Delta, which supports extensive mangrove forests, estuaries, and wetlands before merging with the Bay of Bengal.
Ecological Significance
The Brahmani Delta is home to the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, one of India's most important mangrove ecosystems. The sanctuary is internationally renowned for its population of estuarine (saltwater) crocodiles, diverse birdlife, sea turtles, and rich coastal biodiversity.
The river also sustains numerous aquatic species and provides ecological support to the surrounding mangrove ecosystem, making it an important component of India's coastal environmental security.
Environmental Concerns
Recent studies have detected microplastics carrying toxic heavy metals in the Brahmani River, indicating growing pollution even within ecologically sensitive areas like Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary. Such contamination threatens aquatic biodiversity, mangrove ecosystems, and the overall health of the river basin, highlighting the urgent need for effective pollution control and river conservation measures.
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In every Lecture. Director Sir will provide conceptual understanding with around 800 Mindmaps.
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