Republic of Naoero (Nauru)

The Pacific island nation of Nauru has officially changed its name to the Republic of Naoero, reverting to its traditional designation. The move aims to strengthen the country’s national identity and cultural heritage.

Location and Geography

The Republic of Naoero is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, located in southeastern Micronesia, about 40 km south of the Equator. It is a raised coral island covering only around 21 sq. km, with a population of approximately 12,000, making it the world’s smallest independent republic.

Naoero lies about 1,300 km northeast of the Solomon Islands, while its closest neighbour is Banaba Island of Kiribati, approximately 300 km to the east. The island has no rivers or lakes.

Capital, Language and Currency

Naoero has no official capital. However, the country’s government offices are located in the Yaren district. Nauruan is the national language, while the Australian dollar is the official currency.

Political System

Naoero became independent in 1968, when its Constitution established a republic with a Westminster-style parliamentary system. It has a unicameral Parliament, whose members are elected independently because there are no formal political parties.

The President is elected by and responsible to Parliament and serves as both the Head of State and Head of Government.

Economy

Naoero was historically among the wealthiest countries per capita because of its extensive phosphate mining. However, the depletion of phosphate reserves has created significant economic challenges.

Agriculture, fishing, manufacturing and tourism contribute relatively little to the economy. The country has an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extending 200 nautical miles, and the sale of commercial fishing licences has provided an important source of revenue since the 1990s.