Pygmy Hog

Why in News?

The Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife (SC-NBWL) has recommended including the Pygmy Hog in the list of critically endangered species under the Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats (IDWH) recovery programme.

About Pygmy Hog

The Pygmy Hog is the smallest and rarest species of wild pig. It is unusual among mammals because it builds its own nest with a roof, providing shelter within its grassland habitat.

It is an important indicator species, as its presence reflects the ecological health of its primary grassland habitat.

Habitat and Distribution

The Pygmy Hog prefers undisturbed tall-grass habitats, particularly early-succession riverine grasslands containing dense grasses along with herbs, shrubs and young trees.

Currently, the species survives only in the grasslands of Manas and Orang National Parks in Assam.

Food and Ecological Role

The Pygmy Hog feeds mainly on roots, tubers, shoots and ground vegetation, along with worms and other invertebrates.

Its digging and foraging activities aerate the soil and improve soil quality. It also contributes to seed dispersal, thereby supporting grassland ecosystem functioning.

Conservation Status

• IUCN: Critically Endangered

• Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I

Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats (IDWH)

The Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats (IDWH) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme that provides financial assistance to States for the protection of wildlife and habitats.

Major Components

The scheme focuses on support to Protected Areas, including National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves.

It also supports the protection of wildlife outside Protected Areas and provides recovery programmes for critically endangered species and their habitats.