Why in News?
The National Animal Disease Control Programme (NADCP) has emerged as one of India’s major livestock health interventions, with a strong focus on vaccination, disease control and data-driven surveillance.
About National Animal Disease Control Programme
The National Animal Disease Control Programme (NADCP) is one of India’s largest livestock health initiatives. It was launched in 2019 with the objective of controlling and ultimately eradicating major livestock diseases, particularly Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Brucellosis.
It is a Central Sector Scheme, under which 100% of the funds are provided by the Central Government to the States and Union Territories.
The programme focuses on nationwide vaccination and disease surveillance to reduce the economic and livelihood losses caused by these diseases.
The Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (DAHD) under the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying is the nodal department for the programme.
Vaccination Targets under NADCP
The programme aims to achieve 100% vaccination of livestock against Foot and Mouth Disease twice every year.
For Brucellosis, the programme provides for one-time vaccination of female bovine calves between 4 and 8 months of age during their lifetime.
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
What is FMD?
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals.
It can affect animals such as cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and pigs.
The disease can have significant economic consequences for livestock-dependent communities. It can result in reduced milk yield, decreased growth rate, infertility and reduced working capacity of bullocks.
Brucellosis
What is Brucellosis?
Brucellosis is a reproductive disease of cattle and buffaloes caused by the bacterium Brucella abortus.
The disease is characterised by fever, abortion during the later stage of pregnancy, infertility, delayed heat and interrupted lactation.
These effects can result in loss of calves and reduced production of meat and milk, causing economic losses to livestock owners.
Control of Brucellosis
Under the NADCP, Brucellosis can be controlled through once-in-a-lifetime vaccination of female bovine calves between 4 and 8 months of age.
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