Mongolia

The Holy Relics of Arhat Sariputra and Arhat Mahamoggallana were ceremonially enshrined at the Gandantegchenling Monastery in Ulaanbaatar, marking an important milestone in India–Mongolia cultural and spiritual relations.

Location and Boundaries

Mongolia is a landlocked country located in north-central Asia. It shares its borders with Russia in the north and China in the south. The capital city of Mongolia is Ulaanbaatar.

Climate and Vegetation

Mongolia experiences a pronounced continental climate due to its high latitude, high elevation, and distance from oceans. The country has long, severe winters and short summers.

Its natural vegetation is distributed into four major zones, namely forest-steppe, steppe, semi-desert, and desert, extending from the northern mountains to the southern basins.

Major Physical Features

The important mountain ranges of Mongolia include the Khentii Mountains, Khangai Mountains, and Altai Mountains.

The country's highest peak is Nayramadlin Orgil (Khüiten Peak), which rises to 4,374 metres (14,350 feet).

The Orkhon River is the major river of Mongolia, and the Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape has been recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Hovsgol Nuur (Lake Khövsgöl), located near the Russian border, is one of Asia’s largest freshwater lakes and contains a significant proportion of the continent’s freshwater resources.

Natural Resources

Mongolia possesses abundant mineral wealth, including large reserves of coal, copper, gold, silver, fluorite (fluorspar), and other metallic ores, making mining a vital component of its economy.