Lohagad Fort

Lohagad Fort, also known as the Iron Fort, is a historic hill fort located near Lonavala in Pune district, Maharashtra. It is situated at an elevation of about 1,033 metres above sea level in the Western Ghats.

Geographical Significance

The mountain on which Lohagad Fort stands forms a divide between the basins of the Pavana and Indrayani rivers. The fort overlooks the Pavana Reservoir to the south, while the Visapur Fort is located on its eastern side.

Historical Significance

Lohagad Fort has witnessed the rule of several major dynasties and powers, including the Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Yadavas, Bahamanis, Nizams, Mughals and Marathas. In 1648 CE, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj captured the fort because of its strategic and defensive importance.

Under the Treaty of Purandar (1665), Shivaji Maharaj had to surrender the fort to the Mughals. However, he recaptured Lohagad in 1670 CE and subsequently used it as a treasury vault to store wealth acquired during his Surat campaign.

During the Peshwa period, statesman Nana Phadnavis also sought refuge at Lohagad and constructed structures such as a large tank and step-well, which continue to reflect the fort's historical importance.

Architecture

Lohagad Fort has four major gates—Ganesh Darwaja, Narayan Darwaja, Hanuman Darwaja and Maha Darwaja. These gates remain largely intact and showcase the masonry, carvings and engineering skills of the period.

Vinchukada – Scorpion’s Tail

One of the most distinctive features of Lohagad Fort is Vinchukada, meaning “Scorpion’s Tail.” It is a long and narrow fortified spur extending from the main fort structure. Its shape resembles a scorpion’s tail and provides panoramic views of the Sahyadri landscape.

UNESCO World Heritage Significance

Lohagad Fort is associated with the Western Ghats, a globally significant region recognised for its exceptional biodiversity and ecological importance.