Light-Activated Nanobots for Breast Cancer Therapy

About the Technology

Scientists at the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali have developed light-activated multifunctional nanobots aimed at providing more precise and targeted breast cancer treatment.

Working Mechanism

The nanobots are based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and respond to near-infrared (NIR) light. Their phototaxis property enables directional movement towards the light source, allowing therapeutic action to be localized at the tumour site.

Targeted Cancer Therapy

The nanobots are functionalised with folic acid, enabling them to selectively recognise breast cancer cells that overexpress folate receptors. A 980-nanometre NIR laser produces localized heating, helping destroy cancer cells through photothermal therapy.

Photodynamic Therapy

The nanobots also carry a photosensitizer that produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) when activated by NIR irradiation. Combining photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy produced greater tumour inhibition than either approach alone.

Smart and Controlled Action

Their therapeutic activity can be influenced by laser intensity, pH and glutathione concentration, allowing better control of treatment within biological environments.

Significance

Being fuel-free and externally controlled, these nanobots could enable localized and minimally invasive cancer treatment, potentially reducing damage to healthy tissues and systemic toxicity. Their efficacy has been demonstrated in cellular models and breast tumour-bearing mice, indicating potential for future targeted cancer therapy.