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Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 2026

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India ranked 176th out of 177 countries in the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 2026, with a score of 22.46, making it the second-lowest ranked country globally (above Laos) and 7th among the 8 South Asian countries. Estonia secured the 1st rank with a score of 74.79.

About the Environmental Performance Index (EPI)

The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is a biennial global index, first launched in 2000, and jointly published by the Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy (YCELP) and the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University.

The EPI 2026 evaluates 177 countries using 47 indicators across 12 environmental issue categories, grouped under three broad policy objectives:

  • Environmental Health

  • Ecosystem Vitality

  • Climate Change

The index serves as a global benchmark for monitoring progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Paris Agreement, and the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

India’s Performance

India secured the 176th position with a score of 22.46, continuing its poor performance in recent editions of the index.

India's ranking trend has been:

  • 2016: 141st

  • 2018: 177th

  • 2020: 168th

  • 2022: 180th

  • 2024: 176th

  • 2026: 176th

Since 2022, India has consistently remained among the five lowest-ranked countries in the index.

Areas of Concern

The EPI placed India near the bottom globally in several environmental indicators, particularly Environmental Health, Air Quality, and Biodiversity Conservation.

The report also highlighted long-term declines in fishery resources, tree cover, and increasing pesticide pollution, which adversely affected India's overall ranking.

Areas of Relative Progress

Despite its overall low ranking, India performed relatively better in Climate Change Mitigation, reflecting improvements in reducing emissions intensity and expanding clean energy initiatives.

The country also recorded comparatively stronger performance in Waste Management and Sanitation.

Criticism by India

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) and several Indian experts have questioned the methodology adopted by the EPI.

They argue that the index does not adequately account for India's stage of economic development, large population, historical emissions, and the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR). They also contend that the methodology relies heavily on model-based extrapolations and simplified cross-country comparisons, which may not accurately reflect India's environmental realities.

Yale’s Response

Researchers from the Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy maintain that the EPI measures the current state of environmental performance rather than future policy commitments.

According to them, the index is designed to provide objective, evidence-based assessments that can help governments make informed environmental policy decisions, rather than assigning responsibility based on historical emissions.


 

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