Why in News?
A Chhattisgarh professor and five students were recently arrested for allegedly leaking an entomology examination using an endoscopic camera.
About Endoscopic Camera
An endoscopic camera is a device used to view, capture, and record videos inside small and hard-to-reach areas of the human body where visibility is limited or absent.
It allows doctors to visualize a surgical or diagnostic procedure on a larger medical-grade display, such as a TV display, computer monitor, or stereoscopic viewing console.
How Does an Endoscopic Camera Work?
Chip-on-Tip Technology
Most modern endoscopic camera modules use “chip-on-tip” technology. In this system, the lens and imaging electronics are combined into a miniature package located at the tip of the device.
Illumination and Image Transfer
Endoscopic cameras illuminate the anatomical area using fibre optics or LEDs positioned at the tip. The image signal is then transferred from the camera through an electrical cable.
The light source must provide sufficient brightness and illumination angle to maintain true-colour properties and produce a clear image for medical diagnosis and procedures.
Types of Endoscopes
Cystoscope
A cystoscope is used to examine the bladder, urethra, urinary tract, and prostate in men. It is generally inserted through the urethra.
Laryngoscope
A laryngoscope is used to examine the larynx or voice box and is inserted through the mouth.
Otoscope
An otoscope is designed for the visual examination of the eardrum and the passage of the outer ear.
Gastroscope
A gastroscope is used to examine the upper part of the digestive system, including the throat, oesophagus, and stomach.
Laparoscope
A laparoscope is inserted through the abdomen to examine the stomach, liver, abdominal organs, and female reproductive organs such as the fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries.
Arthroscope
An arthroscope is inserted into a joint through a small incision near the area being examined.
Duodenoscope
A duodenoscope is a long, flexible endoscope inserted through the mouth to reach the duodenum, the upper part of the small intestine.
Applications
Endoscopic technology has transformed several fields because it allows internal or difficult-to-reach areas to be inspected with limited invasive intervention.
Its applications have expanded beyond medicine into industry, research, and security.
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