Coffee in India

India’s coffee exports to West Asian markets are currently facing logistical delays, with shipments either stranded at ports or moving slowly through the Strait of Hormuz. This disruption is affecting export timelines and trade efficiency, particularly for West Asian buyers.

About Coffee

Coffee is a tropical plantation crop that typically grows under shaded conditions provided by taller trees. It is an important export-oriented cash crop in India and plays a key role in rural livelihoods.

Types of Coffee

India mainly produces two types of coffee:

• Arabica: Known for its mild flavour and higher quality, often used in premium coffee markets.

• Robusta: Has a stronger taste and higher caffeine content, and forms a major share of Indian production and exports.

Major Coffee-Producing States in India

Coffee cultivation in India is concentrated in southern and some eastern states. The major producers are:

• Karnataka (accounts for more than 70% of total production)

• Kerala

• Tamil Nadu

• Andhra Pradesh

• Odisha

Export Destinations

India exports coffee mainly to Europe and Asia-Pacific regions. The major importing countries include:

• Italy

• Germany

• Belgium

• Middle Eastern countries

• South Korea

• Japan

Europe remains the largest export market for Indian coffee.

Climatic Requirements for Coffee Cultivation

Coffee requires specific agro-climatic conditions for optimal growth:

• Altitude: Grown on hill slopes at 600–1600 metres above sea level

• Climate: Hot and humid tropical climate

• Temperature: Between 15°C and 28°C

• Rainfall: Around 150–250 cm annually

• Soil: Well-drained loamy soil rich in humus, iron, and calcium

• Dry Period: Dry weather is essential during the ripening stage of berries

Conclusion

Coffee is a key plantation and export crop for India, with strong demand in global markets. However, recent logistical disruptions in maritime routes like the Strait of Hormuz highlight the vulnerability of export supply chains. Strengthening trade resilience and diversification of export routes is essential for sustaining India’s coffee exports.